Smith, Valene L., ed. 1989 Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology University of Pennsylvania Press. Truong, Thanh-Dam 1992 Sex, Money, and Morality: Tourism
London: Zed.
Assigned 10 June 1994 Submitted 9 September Accepted 12 September
1994 1994
IN REVIEW
of Tourism
(2nd ed.).
and Prostitution
Philadelphia:
in South-East Asia.
OlSO-7383(94)00091-03
Tourismuspsychologie und Tourismussoziologie: Ein Handbuch zur Tourismuswissenschaft Edited by H. Hahn and H. J. Kagelmann. Quintessenz Tourismuswissenschaft (Quintessenz Verlags-GmbH, Schillerstrafse 7, 80336 Miinchen, Germany) 1993, xv + 630 pp. (60 tables and figures, references, bibliographies of authors, name and subject indexes) DM 128 (cloth). ISBN 3-86128-153-8.
Clemson
Ute Jamrozy University, USA
Not surprisingly, tourism researchers in the German countries deal with the same complications in conducting their research as their counterparts in the English-speaking countries, especially the multidisciplinarity of the field. Researchers in different social sciences have devoted considerable attention to explaining the origins and impacts of tourism behavior on the individual and on groups in society. Research as scholarship appears in all kinds of reports, journals, books, and conference presentations, but in general lacks a broad unifying structure. In an attempt to provide a structured presentation of psychological and sociological tourism phenomena and concepts and to incorporate both German and English literature, the editors asked 76 authors of different disciplines to point out the contributions of their fields to psychological and sociological tourism research. Despite the objective of providing a concise reference book, the final product resembles many other “handbooks”: many unrelated parts give a diverse, uneven coverage of the subject areas. The book starts with a general overview, narrows to specific theoretical concepts, points out specific issues and problems of tourism, examines the emerging forms of tourism behavior, and reviews marketing concepts. At the end, implications for jobs and education, as well as a selection of methodologies and examples of tourism studies are covered. The handbook is a useful reference source with many clues for further research, but it does not provide a complete literature review of the subject matter. Such a review would be impossible for this “handbook” format, but the volume does demonstrate the complexity, dimensions, and challenges of tourism science. The first parts of the book present a review of social sciences and their contributions to tourism research. They are written in the fashion of the special issue of the Annals of Tourism Research (Volume 11, 1984) on the contri-
PUBLICATIONS
IN REVIEW
719
butions of social sciences to tourism. Fridgen, Pearce, Stringer, and Uzzel are widely referenced throughout the book. It becomes apparent that researchers are knowledgeable of and willing to incorporate studies of the Englishspeaking countries into their papers. Researchers like Graburn and Smith should be referenced in an essay of tourism anthropology (p. 30), in the same manner as they are referenced in the article about tourism sociology (p. 36). However, readers of the handbook will search for references in more than one chapter and will find a significant amount of the classical English language research, especially from the AnnaLs ofTourism Research. The editors’ objective of incorporating research in foreign languages should serve as an example for many of the North American researchers. There is an abundance of the German-speaking literature, which stimulated the reviewer’s interest, and which is of high value not only for conducting cross-cultural research but also for the construction of theoretical models. A third of the book deals with theoretical concepts and issues of psychological and sociological tourism research. Familiar concepts such as attitude, attitude change, perceptions, information search behaviors, and cognitive maps, as well as less familiar concepts (in tourism research) such as atmosphere, flow, “foreign” as well as “novel” experiences, and psychogeography are reviewed concerning their theoretical backgrounds, characteristics, applications and relevance in tourism research. German researchers, for example, have come to the same conclusions as their North American counterparts about motivational research: that there has been much talk about the classifications of motives, but little attempt to explain theoretical foundations, such as in origin, measurement, and stimulation (p. 204). To explain motivations, it has been suggested to look at the experiential aspects of travel (Erleben, pp. 119, 137, 204). An analysis of every single chapter would be a challenge for a tourism seminar, and impossible for this review. In general, the chapters provide detailed explanations of theoretical constructs but they sometimes lack direct review of existing tourism research and direct tourism applications. For example, more references to research on decision-making, activities, interests, opinions, lifestyles, and values, especially from the marketing journals and theJournal of Travel Research, could have been included. But many constructs discussed in this book are rarely touched in other tourism publications; for example, several authors propose the application of the attractive construct “flow.” To correct this omission, Anft (p. 145) gives practical suggestions for incorporating flow into tourism experiences. The importance of psychological constructs in reality and application is further demonstrated through a detailed coverage of clinical psychology and tourism, as shown through “long-term recreation” (p. 253), “stress” (p. 221), “experience of time” (p. 230), or phenomena like “alcohol and tourism” (p. 239) and “jet lag” (p. 275). These research areas deserve more interest in North American journals, especially to emphasize the potential threats and benefits of tourism in a more health conscious environment. Health tourism as covered in Kurwesen (a form of health resorts) is a useful addition in the book, since it presents another area of research for those interested in the therapeutic benefits of vacationing. Missing in the section on special forms of travel behavior is a coverage of nature-based tourism. This is especially surprising given the strong European research tradition of Sanfimz Tourismus. However, there is a general lack of psychological understanding of the environmentally conscious tourist on both sides of the Atlantic. German researchers reflect deep insight on youth tourism and educational study groups. Especially valuable is the attention given to pedagogy, the education of travel and tour guides, and the impacts of guides on the travel group. The need for research on job specifications and role
720
PUBLICATIONS
IN REVIEW
status, especially for the animateur, the professional responsible for leisure animation, is highlighted. The chapters on marketing deal with advertising and communication strategies broadly rather than with the specifics of consumer psychology. This is logical because consumer psychology concepts were covered in previous chapters. The role of visuals and images in service marketing and the coverage of sales psychology for tourism professionals are especially interesting. A selection of research methodologies and a selection of sample research studies demonstrate the strengths of tourism researchers in the areas, and should encourage more psychological and sociological tourism studies. The book concludes with excellent biographical coverage of all authors, mostly who have a psychology or business background with a research emphasis in tourism. Maybe this book adds justification to the existence of specialized tourism degree programs, as they now exist in Germany, too. The editors hoped to provide a “state of the art” review of the psychologically and sociologically oriented tourism research and expected difficulties due to a different degree of maturity within the research domains. Their efforts resulted in an excellent reference book for North American tourism researchers who read German; currently nothing comparable exists on the English-language bookmarket. Some of the chapters omit important results of research published in English, while others give important new viewpoints to social scientists, tourism professionals, and travel journalists. While adding visibility to the field of tourism psychology and sociology, this book stimulates interest in the potential for an academic journal for multilingual research. UteJamrozy: Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson SC 29634, USA, E-mail: ‘h~‘amroz@clemson. edu’! Assigned 10 February 1994 Submitted 30 May 1994 Resubmitted 6 September 1994 Accepted 13 September 1994
OlSO-7383(94)00094-8
Global Tourism: The Next Decade Edited by William Theobald. Butterworth-Heinemann (Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, United Kingdom) 1994, 406 pp. (tables, charts, bibliography, index), E25 (cloth). ISBN 0 7506 1568 1.
Paul F. Wilkinson York
University,
Canada
Rarely are book reviews totally complimentary. This review is (nearly) an exception, not only for reviews in general, but also for this reviewer in particular. In fact, at the book display at a recent international conference on tourism, this book was one of only two new books that attracted the reviewer’s attention. (A caveat is in order: the reviewer is a geographer interested in interdisciplinary approaches to tourism policy, planning, implementation, management, and impacts, so otherwise exemplary recent books on such topics as marketing, operations, etc., do not fit a tight reading schedule.) The basic conclusion is that this is one of those few books that is essential to the
Comments
Report "Tourismuspsychologie und tourismussoziologie: Ein handbuch zur tourismuswissenschaft "