Tetra Introduction

Apr-10 ©Copyright SELEX Communications. All rights reserved.Standard by ETSI for Digital Mobile Radio Systems Apr-10 ©Copyright SELEX Communications. All rights reserved. Table of contents What is TETRA? Functionality and characteristics TETRA technology basics Technology comparison Some scenarios and applications User specific considerations The future of TETRA Apr-10 ©Copyright SELEX Communications. All rights reserved. What is TETRA ? Apr-10 ©Copyright SELEX Communications. All rights reserved. TETRA in short >TETRA means TErrestrial Trunked RAdio >It is a standard specified by the ETSI during the ‘90s in response to the need of a common digital trunked standard for professional mobile radio (PMR) >TETRA has been specified by ETSI together with users and it is defined to meet the needs of the most demanding users >TETRA is an open standard Apr-10 ©Copyright SELEX Communications. All rights reserved. The leading technology >TETRA is a consolidated standard and has been fully accepted by the Administrations of all European countries and in many other countries in the rest of the world. >ETSI is currently working on TETRA release 2, that will further enhance the services of TETRA and will maintain the standard future-proof. Apr-10 ©Copyright SELEX Communications. All rights reserved. What ETSI - (1/2) (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) > Produce the telecommunication standards of the future > Promote the world-wide standardization process whenever possible > Non-profit making organization > It unites approximately 800 members from 56 countries inside and outside Europe > It represents: • Administrations, • Network operators • Users • Manufacturers • Service providers • Research bodies Who Apr-10 ©Copyright SELEX Communications. All rights reserved. How Results ETSI - (2/2) (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) > Deep analysis of customer requirements > Exploitation of its long experience and of the rich set of skills of the members > Coordination with most important international standardization bodies (mainly the ITU-T and the ITU-R) Some references: GSM, DECT, TETRA, UMTS,... Apr-10 ©Copyright SELEX Communications. All rights reserved. All TETRA stakeholders: users manufacturers (the entire European PMR industry, exclusive of EADS) operators test houses telecom agencies TETRA MoU - (1/2) The TETRA Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was established in December 1994. Today it represents 100 organisations from 30 100 organisations from 30 countries. countries. Who Apr-10 ©Copyright SELEX Communications. All rights reserved. Act on behalf of all interested parties in order to support TETRA adoption and evolution Promote TETRA events and exhibitions collect users feedback support interoperability testing (IOP) TETRA is the world-wide consolidated standard for PMR A large number of the deployed systems are multi-vendor solutions. TETRA actually is a real open standard. TETRA MoU - (2/2) What Results How Apr-10 ©Copyright SELEX Communications. All rights reserved. Interoperability certification >The Interoperability Certificate (IOP) assures that various manufacturers terminals can indistinctly operate on any TETRA network. >Tests are supervised from an independent accredited test house: initially was Teledanmark (Danish operator) now ISCTI (Italian Telecommunications Public Institute) >All functionality tested and approved are summarized in public tables http://www.tetramou.com/facts/index.asp?pagereq=interoperability/interoperability.asp&setsub=2 Apr-10 ©Copyright SELEX Communications. All rights reserved. SCHENGEN position > >SCHENGEN Police Telecom Group SCHENGEN Police Telecom Group (now replaced by Police Co-operation Working Group - PCWG) adopted TETRA for pan-European police communications. > >ETSI ETSI confirmed that TETRA standard is compliant and supports the SCHENGEN operational and security requirements. > >CEPT/ERC CEPT/ERC designated a 5 MHz spectrum in the frequency band 380÷400 MHz, for Police Forces usage of TETRA across Europe. Apr-10 ©Copyright SELEX Communications. All rights reserved. TETRA references (December 2005 - source TETRA MoU) >Total 788 contracts in 77 countries Functionalities and Characteristics What are the PMR user needs? Trust on fast and reliable communications especially under critical conditions or under emergency T ru s t o n s e c u rity o f c o m m u n ic a tio n s a g a in s t h o s tile in te rc e p tio n a n d in te rru p tio n o w c o m m u n ic a t io n s b e t w e e n g r o u p s u s e r s w o r k in g t o g e t h e r b u t m o v i n g n d e p e n d e n t l y ; a ls o f o r l a r g e g r o u p s a n d in a w i d e a r e a I d e a l l y c o m m u n i c a t e e v e r y t i m e / e v e r y w h e r e E a s y a n d fa s t a v a ila b ility o f a ll n fo r m a tio n (d a ta ) n e e d e d to c a rry o u t e jo b F u ll s u p p o r t t o e f fic ie n t a n d in te g r a te d c o n t r o l r o o m s A d v a n c e d s e r v i c e s a t t h e l o w e s t c o s t s E a sy in te rc o n n e c tio n b e tw e e n d iffe re n t o rg a n is a tio n s (a ls o a c ro ss b o rd e rs ) p l o i t t h e i n v e s t m e n t t o n g e s t t e r m Tools and applications suited to speed up and im prove professional tasks T e r m i n a l s a b l e t o w o r k i n h a r s h e n v i r o n m e n t s r e t h e e s t m e n t Users that take advantage of these technologies are spread over many sectors of both public services and private companies, that eed mobile communications to support their workforce Air Interface Encryption End-to-End Encryption Duplex Voice Full DMO Priority Individual Emergency Group Status Messaging SDS Packet Mode Circuit Mode bile ephony Mobile Security Mobile Mobile TETRA unique feature set Main features (1/2) >Real open standard in digital mobile radio tailored for professional users >Unlimited support to point-to multipoint (group) voice and data communications, with an extensive set of enhanced ancillary services >Focus on communications between radio terminals and control room/dispatcher operators >Direct mode of operation (DMO) in order to allow communications also in fringe or out of coverage areas and at times of capacity limitations Main features (2/2) >Multiple security schemes and algorithms >Voice and data capabilities with 4 TDMA channels in 25 kHz channel spacing: • concurrent voice and data; • full-duplex voice call using simplex radios; • net data rates up to 28.8 Kbit/s. >Standard interfaces for data terminal connections (PEI) and for TETRA networks interconnection (ISI) >Wide set of telephony and PMR supplementary services >Call Set Up Time: about 300 ms TETRA services (1/4) >Voice and data capabilities • 4 traffic channels in one 25 kHz radio channel • point-to-point and point-to-multi point • concurrent voice and data • full-duplex call using simplex radios • fast call set-up >Fully digital trunked (TMO) and direct (DMO) modes of operation: • Dual watch • Repeater • Gateway 1 1 1) Basic 2 2 2 2 2) Repeater 3 3 3 3 3 3 3) Dual Watch 4 4 4 4 4 4 4) Gateway 4) Gateway Control Center TETRA Direct Mode - Available terminals TETRA services (2/4) Multiple security schemes & algorithms >Authentication: • of User / Terminal • of the Infrastructure >Encryption: • Air Interface Encryption • End-to-End Encryption >Security Management >Disabling of stolen radios Voice/data encryption END-to-END Encryption AIR Interf. Encryption Radio Base Station Radio Base Station Switching Dispatcher ??????xyz Authentication portables Handportables Security TETRA services (3/4) >Data rates up to 28.8 Kbit/s >Data communications • Circuit Mode Data • Status/Short Data Service (SDS) real time • Packet Data >Data rate suitable to support applications such as: • mobile localisation • file/image transfer • slow video Access Priority Priority call (incl. Pre-emptive) Include call Late Entry Call authorised by Dispatcher Area selection Dynamic Group Number assignment Discreet and Ambience Listening Short Number Addressing Talking Party Identification STD. Interfaces PMR Supplementary Services TETRA services (4/4) > Air I/F > ISI > PEI > PABX (Digital/Analogue) > PSTN (Digital Analogue) > PDN (Industrial Standards) PEI ISDN LAN/WAN ISI Internet PDN PABX PSTN Network Interfaces Virtual Private Networks (VPN) >Possibility of sharing the same physical network among different organizations. Advantages are: • reduced costs for infrastructure; • reduced cost for running the network. >Each virtual network guarantees the complete independence to Technology basics OPERATIVE FREQUENCY: MODULATION: 380÷400 MHz (10 MHz) 410÷430 MHz (10 MHz) 450÷470 MHz (10 MHz) 806÷870 MHz (45 MHz) 870÷921 MHz (45 MHz) 25 kHz Band and duplex spacing (Tx/Rx): Carrier spacing: P/4-DQPSK 36 Kbit/s 28,8 Kbit/s Max data rate per carrier: Type: Gross bite rate per carrier: System characteristics Radio Access: Conventional Vs. Trunked Conventional >Channels are dedicated to specific services >Uneven load distribution among channels >Waste of spectrum resources Trunked >Channels are dynamically assigned to user requests >Traffic load distributed among channels >Optimal use of spectrum resources Who are you ? Advantages of digital systems >Constant voice quality >High speed data transmission >Subscribers and network authentication >High security ciphering MOD. COD. FILTER SAMPLE COMPR. M U X CODEC (TX) Transmission channel (RF on air) DEMOD. DECOD. FILTER and PROCESSING SPEAKER DECOMP. M U X CODEC (RX) MICRO Digital Radio System FDMA TDMA CH 2 CH 1 C C H H 1 1 C C H H 2 2 C C H H 3 3 C C H H 4 4 To To 25 12.5 SpectrumkHz Time Carrier 1 Carrier 2 Carrier 1 Bitrate on demand: TDMA and FDMA Advantages of TDMA systems >Bitrate on demand >Higher data rates >Simultaneous voice and data >Simplex terminals for duplex communications >One TRX to manage four traffic channels 2 4 1 multiframe =18 TDMA frames ( =1.02 s ) 1 hyperframe =60 multiframes ( =61.2 s ) 1 time slot =510 modulation bits durations ( ~14.167 ms ) 1 2 3 509510 4 1 2 3 255 4 1 2 3 255 4 1 2 1 subslot =255 modulation bits durations ( ~7.08 ms ) control frame 1 2 3 5 60 1 2 3 4 5 18 1 3 4 1 TDMA frame =4 timeslots ( ~56.67 ms ) 1 2 3 4 5 510 509 Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) CASE 1: conventional analogue systems 1 channel in 25 kHz 1 channel in 25 kHz Radio channel usage: conventional analogue CASE 2: FDMAanalogue and digital systems 1 channel 12,5 kHz 1 channel 12,5 kHz Radio channel usage: FDMA 1 channel in 12,5 kHz 1 channel in 12,5 kHz CASE 3: TETRA digital systems Radio channel usage: TDMA 1 c h a n n e l i n 2 5 k H z 1 c h a n n e l i n 2 5 k H z Technology comparison Competitive prices Competitive quality Innovation Wide choice of solutions and applications Trunked Digital TDMA based Richest set of services Why TETRA instead of proprietary PMR technologies > Interoperability > User requirements fulfillment > Future-proof technology TSI STANDARD STATE-OF-THE-ART STANDARD PEN STANDARD Real competition >Currently there are: • Approximately 12 independent TETRA infrastructure manufacturers • Approximately 8 independent TETRA terminal manufacturers • A huge number of independent application developers These figures are constantly increasing MPT1327 TETRA TETRAPOL SmartZone EDACS Access FDMA TDMA Radio channel bandwidth (kHz) 12,5 25 Traffic channels within 25 kHz 2 4 Defined by DTI ETSI / EC Forum TETRAPOL MOTOROLA ERICSSON Open/Proprietary Open Open Proprietary Proprietary Proprietary Independent manufacturers roughly 15 15÷20 1 1 1 300 ms. Call set-up time 300ms. 1 sec. Maximum data tx rate (kbit/s) 2,4 28,8 7,2 7,5 9,6 Simultaneous voice and data YES NO Digital/Analogue Analogue Digital Digital Analogue/ Digital Analogue/ Digital TETRA in comparison to other PMR systems Why TETRA instead of public cellular networks DISPATCHING ORIENTED Focus on communications between radio terminals and control room operators Very powerful set of supplementary services SECURE COMMUNICATIONS Widest set of services: authentication encryption radio disabling ... TRUNKED AND DIRECT MODE Basic Dual watch Repeater Gateway GROUP COMMUNICATIONS Unlimited extension and number of members Very powerful set of supplementary services Features Group/Broadcast Call Dynamic Group Number Assignment Call authorized by dispatcher Ambience and Discreet listening Authentication of the Infrastructure End-to-end encryption OTAR Physical disabling of stolen radios Direct Mode DMO Gateway/Repeater Fast Call Set-up Emergency calls (preemptive) Short Data Service Packet Mode Data Circuit Mode Data Concurrent Voice & Data Bit rate on Demand (real time) GSM-R with limitations - - - - - - - - - - GSM-R GPRS GPRS - - - - - - - - - - ? TETRA GSM / GSM-R / GPRS UMTS TETRA in comparison to other public cellular networks EDGE Handset 384 kb/s UMTS Handset 384 kb/s TETRA (Rel. 2) approx. 400 kb/s 0 100 200 300 400 2000 kb/s Indoor Terminal 2 Mb/s UMTS Vehicular 144 kb/s GPRS 115 kb/s TETRA (Rel. 1) 28.8 kb/s How do speeds compare? Some scenarios and applications Some data transmission applications (1/2) Automatic terminal localization >Using GPS receivers connected to TETRA terminals the determination of the mobile position is carried out and transferred to the control room. File transfer >Using the circuit or packet mode data transfer, it is possible to transfer data from/to radio terminal (suitable equipped) to/from proprietary database even external to the TETRA network. Some data transmission applications (2/2) Fax >This functionality is obtained through data transfer and specialized gateways. Image transmission / Slow video >The transmission of fixed (mugshot, building maps, ...) or slowly changing images is possible using particular compression algorithms that allow the optimization of transmitted data amount and therefore channel load. Base Station Control Room Car 1 for an accident at High Road…old man with broken leg ... l o c a l i z a t i o n l o c a l i z a t i o n ency Vehicles V o i c e a n d d a t a s e n d i n g V o i c e a n d d a t a s e n d i n g Control room operator can simultaneously communicate with and localise the vehicles Multiple channels allow multiple separated communications at the same time V o i c e a n d d a t a s e n d i n g V o i c e a n d d a t a s e n d i n g Scenario Scenario > Patient’s medical data sending in electronic format, directly from the ambulance while going to the hospital > Possibility of communicating with fixed telephony network or cellular network, for instance to put in touch ambulance operators with specialist doctors reachable at cellular phone Control Room Ambulance EVENT EVENT Specialist Medical data Scenario > Suspect person is identified by means of personal data in his/her documents or with electronic fingerprint. Data are sent through radios for remote database research; if research is successful, complete data of suspect person (e.g. including mugshot) are sent back in real time to officers on the field. INFO DATA BASE Fingerprint or Name Complete personal data including mugshot Officer identifying suspect person Scenario > Possibility of communicating with fixed telephony network or cellular network, for instance Integrated Command and Control centre managing an operation can put officers in touch with calling citizen in order to allow direct information exchange when needed Control Room Citizen Officer (e.g. looking for the place where the intervention is required) Scenario Separate communications, simultaneous and independent, among different teams operating on the same intervention and/or in the same area Co-ordinator can communicate with one team but he can be at any time alerted by another teamand then change group communication am 1 Communication with team 2 Team 1 requiring urgent communication! Group call switch to team 1 …increase the flow!... ention please!!! …OK team 1, report situation... Scenario At any given time, if the two teams need to work together, the two group communications can be merged in one thanks to groups patching Coordinator am 1 Dispatching station …Team 2, this is team 1 calling... …OK team 1!! > Communications are fully confidential, avoiding the risk of improper use of information by any unauthorised people (criminals, terrorists, hackers, hostile government agencies, press, …) Scenario …immediate intervention required at Blue Mountain.. Protection by encryption Interception failed!! Control Centre …OK, we are moving .. DMO-GW Scenario When network coverage is not available (underground parking, tunnels, …), basic TETRA communication services are granted thanks to Direct Mode Operation Also under those conditions it is possible for Control Centre or other users under the network coverage to communicate with users outside of the coverage thanks to special equipment called DM-Gateway Network U n d e r g r o u n d PROTECTED CONVOY Scenario > Multiple organisations can share the network and set-up integrated communications only when needed > It is always supported the possibility to manage emergency scenarios with emergency calls, using pre-emption and granting call set-up within very short time (300ms) Ambulance …Urgent communication! Redirect the convoy….. 300 ms Scenario Data transmission is supported at bitrate up to 28.8Kbps, supporting a wide range of applications including image and video transmission ontrol Room D a t a t r a n s m is s io n Onboard camera User-specific considerations Special issues for Public Safety (1/4) >Some specific requirements must be carefully considered when TETRA networks are going to be deployed for mission-critical use: • Reliable and Flexible network topology • BS Fallback capability • End-to-End encryption • Direct Mode Gateway • Data transmission (best bearer for service) Special issues for Public Safety (2/4) >Availability of radio communications for mission critical application must be granted at the largest extent >In addition to redundant elements, networks must offer the highest level of flexibility in order to streamline the network design to offer the required reliability in any customer-specific condition >Examples of these implementations are • Self healing rings to connect Radio Base Stations • Full network links redundancy • Disaster recovery mechanisms for Switching Nodes and Network Management System Special issues for Public Safety (3/4) Additional mechanisms are crucial to support as far as possible the availability of communication services > Base Station Fallback operation: • grants local communications under the BS coverage also when the Switching Node is not available (due to backbone interruption or Switching Node failure) • is required to provide complete set of services (individual and group voice&data transmission, security features, …) and, if possible, connection to other alternative fixed networks > Direct Mode Gateway terminals: • provide a valuable improvement to the possibility of communicating as they allow users to get in touch with the headquarter also when outside the network coverage Special issues for Public Safety (4/4) >Experiences world-wide confirm that Public Safety services efficiency is more and more dependent on the capability to manage data remotely, while moving. >One of the most valuable benefits brought by TETRA is the capability to efficiently exchange INFORMATION (e.g. localisation, database interrogation, images and video, …) between officers on the field and headquarter. >TETRA offers multiple mechanisms for data transmission and state- of-the-art performance (i.e. bitrate) in order to provide the best bearer for each application. >It is crucial hence to rely on the largest set of data transmission features provided by TETRA. The future TETRA Release 2: some major objectives >New 3G applications availability obtained thanks to • Increased data transmission bandwidth >Backward compatibility obtained thanks to • Same frequency bands as TETRA • Backward compatible air interface protocol >Efficient interworking with 3G public networks obtained thanks to • SIM and CODEC integration with UMTS ETSI Project TETRA Release 2 3G Interworking Long Range TETRA Air IF Enhancement TETRA SIM Evolution High speed data TETRA is future proof End presentation