Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers G2-3

With Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech, Scholastic Teaching Resources Graphic Organizers Linda Ward Beech Short Reading Passages GRADES 2–3 Scholastic Inc. grants teachers permission to photocopy the reproducible activity sheets in this book for classroom use. No other part of this publication may be reproduced in whole or in part, or stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission of the publisher. For information regarding permission, write to Scholastic Inc., 557 Broadway, New York, NY 10012. Edited by Mela Ottaiano Cover design by Brian LaRossa / Interior design by Sydney Wright Interior illustrations by Maxie Chambliss Interactive whiteboard activities developed by Adam Hyman and designed by Brian LaRossa ISBN-13: 978-0-545-23455-9 / ISBN-10: 0-545-23455-7 Copyright © 2001, 2010 by Linda Ward Beech. All rights reserved. Published by Scholastic Inc. Printed in the U.S.A. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 40 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech, Scholastic Teaching Resources Contents Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Concept Webs: Topic/Main Idea and Details Fancy Fireworks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Things to Do in Maine.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Picture a Pigeon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 The Inside Story.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 State Stuff.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 A Fast Laugh.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 What’s for Lunch?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 So Many Symbols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Tracking Trains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Testing It Out. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Foreign Flags.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Opposite Poles.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 A State Apart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Tales of Whales.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Growing Up.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Testing It Out. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Charts: Classifying Building Blocks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Play Ball.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Let’s Celebrate.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Shaping Up.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Bag Tags.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Blending In.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Quilts of History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Testing It Out. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Sequence Webs: Sequence Hello, Island!.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Turn on the Lights.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Here Come the Cranes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 A Painted Cave. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Easy Opening. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Toys Through Time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Balloons on Parade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Testing It Out. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Cause-and-Effect Maps: Relationships Silly Laws.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Cooling a Kampong.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Eat and Read.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Fool the Birds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Excellent Elephants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Where the Sun Shines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Seeing Red. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Testing It Out. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Venn Diagrams: Comparing On the Ferry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Looking at Leaves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Answers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech, Scholastic Teaching Resources Introduction In your hands, you hold a surefire way to engage even the most reluctant learners and build the reading comprehension skills all students need to succeed. Using the 40 short, high-interest passages in this book, each paired with a graphic organizer that supports its text structure, you’ll find an easy way to help students learn how to find the main idea, understand cause and effect, compare and contrast, sequence events, and more. The ready-to-use Notebook files in the Companion Folder contain activities that make it easy to model these essential reading comprehension skills on your SMART Board. Following your lead, students can write, highlight, and underline key text right on the board. {................................................................{ About the Graphic Organizers { Many students are visual learners and can benefit greatly from using graphic organizers with their reading. Graphic organizers are especially helpful in identifying and sorting information. Different types of graphic organizers are particularly suited to certain types of text structures: W Concept webs focus on main ideas and supporting details. W Sequence webs focus on sequential events or steps in a process. W Venn diagrams focus on making comparisons. W Charts focus on classifying information. W Cause-and-effect maps focus on identifying relationships between events. As students complete a graphic organizer, they do the following: W W W W W create a visual product based on their reading  engage in understanding information from a passage see relationships among words, facts, and ideas  gain a sense of purpose and control over their reading learn to paraphrase what they read Teacher Tips { WS  uggest that students read the passage all the way through to get the general idea. Then they can reread it to identify the information needed in the organizer. WI f students are unfamiliar with a graphic organizer, model its use before assigning the page. Think aloud as you read the passage, directions, and questions, and as you fill in the organizer. WB  ecause of the limited amount of space on each page, you may want to make enlarged copies of some graphic organizers for students to use. You may also suggest that they draw larger versions of the graphic organizers on separate sheets of paper. WU  se the MORE! activities found at the end of each reproducible graphic organizer page to extend and expand students’ learning. Point out that there is often more than one way to group information from a passage. Encourage students to fill in graphic organizers using their own words and phrases. (See the example on page 4.) 3 however. allowing students greater independence. requires students to decide what the paragraph topic is and to identify all six examples that tell about the topic. quizzes. No matter their skill level. to more challenging. The test questions are always based on the passage on the preceding page. students are more likely to understand and retain information for reports.Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. The final concept web (page 14). tests. Each section of the book concludes with a page called Testing It Out. For instance the first concept web (page 6) includes the topic and one detail. Scholastic Teaching Resources mantle crust mantle of hot rock crust on outside Earth’s Parts outer core between inner core and mantle Earth’s Parts outer core inner core inner core at center iron and nickel Here are two different ways students might present information. Students can easily see the relationship between creating a graphic organizer and using that information on a test. by building graphic organizers. The activities in between are scaffolded to provide an appropriate level of challenge for a range of skill levels. offering students more support. and discussions. 4 . which is set up as a typical bubble-style test. The set of activities for each type of graphic organizer progresses from easier. ............ and assessment...... highlighter (one who highlights relevant parts of the passage).. 5 . WT  o extend learning invite students to continue building onto the graphic organizer with additional information they may already know. Each lesson is comprised of 2 slides: W a text-only slide featuring the paragraph W a graphic organizer slide It is a good idea to preview the lesson on your computer so that you fully understand the lesson as well as the best way to convey it to students on the interactive whiteboard... you can also use the Notebook activities for mini-lessons... differentiated instruction. This will also help students who are filling in the graphic organizer quickly identify key information if they need to refer back to the paragraph slide.......... WA  s you model how to use a graphic organizer.. mapper (one who fills in the graphic organizer).......... Assign roles such as reader (one who reads the passage to the group).... pens................. pass out reproducible versions of the activity you choose to display... For consistency. and enrichment......{ Other Suggestions W Be sure to use the activities that work best for the ability levels in your classroom... Encourage group members to switch roles.How to Use the Companion Folder and Interactive Whiteboard { {........ WW  hile the interactive whiteboard lessons are perfect for whole-group learning...... or highlighters... underlining... The final slide in each file contains an interactive version of the Testing It Out page...... The additional lessons can be printed or photocopied for in-class practice............ { Teacher Tips { {....... Open the appropriate file on your interactive whiteboard and scroll to the lesson.. Ask students to mark up their own copies as they follow along. you’ll find five Notebook files that correspond to each section of the book and focus on a different type of graphic organizer. small-group instruction.. W Have students work in cooperative groups to complete some activities. homework.. and checker (one who reviews the completed graphic organizer to be sure it is correct). or highlighting the main idea of a passage in green and all of the supporting details in blue is a great way to organize information by color. W Encourage students to explain their thinking as they complete the organizers.. circling....... One strategy you may find helpful is to use the colored pens in the interactive whiteboard’s pen tray to help students who are visual learners........ For example.... use the same colors to represent a concept when completing the graphic organizers. Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech.. along with colored pencils............ Simply choose the lesson with the skill that you want to teach.. Scholastic Teaching Resources In the Companion Folder. The pinwheel and comet are two other popular fireworks. What is a popular firework? _________________________________________ Add three more details to the web. 1. After a bright flash.Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. Scholastic Teaching Resources Fancy Fireworks Kaboom! It’s the Fourth of July. Which firework makes a loud BOOM? _________________________________ 3. Which firework has long trails of color? _______________________________ 2. 6 . Then answer the questions. Fireworks light up the night. One of the loudest fireworks is called the salute. you hear a loud BOOM! Read the paragraph. Have you ever seen a willow firework? It has long trails of color that float to the ground. pinwheel detail Kinds of Fireworks topic What do you think a pinwheel firework looks like? Draw a picture to show your ideas. Visitors enjoy eating in Maine. People swim. Then answer the questions.500 lakes and ponds detail Why People Go to Maine topic Find Maine on a map of the United States. Scholastic Teaching Resources Things to Do in Maine Maine has 2. The state grows most of the blueberries in the United States. 2. you can eat blueberry pie and lobster all summer long! Read the paragraph. What other food is Maine known for? _________________________________ Add three more details to the web. and sail off these islands. In Maine.Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. What fruit does Maine grow? ________________________________________ 3. fish. There are more than 400 islands along the coast. 7 . 1.500 lakes and ponds for summer fun. too. What does Maine have along its coast? ________________________________ 2. It can fly up to 60 miles an hour. Add this fact to the web.Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. How fast can a pigeon fly? __________________________________________ 3. How much does a pigeon weigh? _____________________________________ 2. A pigeon weighs about half a pound. 1. Most pigeons live for 10 to 15 years. Scholastic Teaching Resources Picture a Pigeon What’s a city bird like? Many of the birds that live in cities are pigeons. These birds are usually found on city sidewalks and on building rooftops. 8 . How long does a pigeon live? ________________________________________ Add three more details to the web. Read the paragraph. sidewalks and rooftops detail Pigeons in the City topic Baby pigeons are called squabs. Then answer the questions. outer core crust mantle inner core detail Earth’s Parts topic Use the web to tell someone about the different parts of Earth. This part of our planet is called the crust. It is made up of hot rock. Find four details in the paragraph that tell about the topic. Next comes the outer core. Add them to the web. Scholastic Teaching Resources The Inside Story You live on the outside of Earth. The inner core is the very center of Earth. What is the inside of Earth like? Just below the crust is the mantle. Read the topic in the web. 9 .Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. Both the outer and inner cores are made of two minerals—iron and nickel. Milk is the state drink in North Dakota. nickname. Maine has a state insect—the honeybee. Here are more fun facts about some states. Add them to the web. the state colors are blue and gold. of course! Read the topic in the web. and one more fun fact. bird. South Carolina’s state amphibian is the salamander. 10 . Scholastic Teaching Resources State Stuff Each state in the United States has an official flag and flower. Find five details in the paragraph that tell about the topic.Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. Fun State Facts Find out the following facts about your state: flower. What’s the Massachusetts state dessert? It’s Boston cream pie. In Arizona. Make a web for your state. The air in a yawn can measure 9 mph. 11 . Find five details in the paragraph that tell about the topic. Scholastic Teaching Resources A Fast Laugh When you laugh. Air really moves when you hiccup. Body Air Speeds Make a bar graph. Add them to the web. Use the information in the paragraph. The air in a snore can be 6 to 7 mph. It can go 50 miles per hour! What’s the air speed of a sneeze? It’s 104 mph.Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. Ah-choo! That’s faster than the wind in a hurricane! Read the topic in the web. air comes out of your mouth at 16 miles per hour (mph). What kinds of sandwiches does your class like the best? Take a survey of your class. Cheese is the fourth favorite sandwich.Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. 12 . Other popular sandwiches are ham and bologna. Write them in the web. What is the topic of the paragraph? Write it in the center circle. you’d be right. Find five details that tell about the topic. Scholastic Teaching Resources What’s for Lunch? Have you ever had a string bean sandwich? Most students wouldn’t want that for lunch! What is the favorite sandwich in America’s school lunches? If you said peanut butter and jelly. Many students also like turkey sandwiches. S. What is the topic of the paragraph? Write it in the center circle. the American flag stands for the United States. Find five details that tell about the topic. Find out what the Great Seal stands for. Uncle Sam is another U. Add this fact to the web. Write them in the web. For example. the bald eagle. Another symbol. Have you seen the Statue of Liberty? The statue is a symbol for our country and government.S.Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. Scholastic Teaching Resources So Many Symbols A symbol is a picture or object that stands for something else. symbol. also stands for freedom.S. The Liberty Bell stands for our freedom. 13 . symbol is the Great Seal. Another U. The name comes from the initials U. Write a sentence using the word. or driver. from animals to toys. The paragraph describes a freight train. A hopper car carries things like coal. 14 . The poles must be tied down. The caboose is at the end of the train. It holds offices and beds for the crew. A boxcar can hold many things. The locomotive pulls the train. Write them in the web. What is the topic of the paragraph? Write it in the center circle. Different kinds of train cars carry different things.Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. Scholastic Teaching Resources Tracking Trains Trains carry just about everything. Gas is carried in a tanker car. and salt. A flatcar carries large things like telephone poles. sand. Find out what the word freight means. Find six details that tell about the topic. It carries the engineer. 1. The main idea of the paragraph is that— A boxcars hold many different kinds of things C the locomotive is the most important car B different train cars carry different things D a train has six different kinds of cars 2. A tanker might carry— A animals B logs C boxcar D caboose C hopper D tanker C sand D pigs C the crew D oil 6.Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. Fill in the circle of the best answer. The most powerful car on a freight train must be the— A tanker C flatcar B locomotive D caboose 7. The last car in a freight train is the— A locomotive B caboose 4. You can guess that a flatcar can carry— A big pipes B gas 5. Piles of wheat would be carried in a— A hopper B locomotive C flatcar D boxcar 15 . On long trips. A train car that carries sand is a— A locomotive B hopper 3. the engineer probably sleeps in the— A boxcar C caboose B locomotive D tanker 8. Scholastic Teaching Resources Testing It Out Use after completing Tracking Trains on page 14. Read how the island of Surtsey was made. ____ The new island was named Surtsey. Fill in the circles in order. ____ Smoke came out of the sea. Island! About 30 years ago. Use the numbers and sentences above to help you. Write the numbers from 1–4 on the lines. 16 . It looked like the sea was on fire. Draw pictures to show what happened. Suddenly they saw smoke coming from the sea. Soon red-hot rock began to pour down its sides. 1 Smoke came out of the sea. The first one is done for you. Scholastic Teaching Resources Hello. 2 3 4 Tell someone how Surtsey became an island. ____ The volcano cooled down. some fishermen were on their boat near Iceland. It became a new island. ____ Red-hot rock poured down its sides. Then the top of a volcano rose out of the water. Show the correct order of what happened.Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. At last the volcano cooled down. People named the island Surtsey. 17 . Read how lighthouses changed. ____ Lighthouses use electric light. Then oil lamps were used. ____ Oil lamps lit lighthouses. ____ Candles were used. Today electricity runs a lighthouse’s powerful lamps. Fill in the circles in order. People would build the fires on hilltops along the coast. lamp tower 1 2 3 4 Read The Little Red Lighthouse and the Great Gray Bridge by Hildegarde Swift. Use the numbers and sentences above to help you. Show the correct order of what happened. Write the numbers from 1–4 on the lines. Later. The first lighthouses were fires. ____ Fires were built on hillsides. people built towers. Scholastic Teaching Resources Turn on the Lights Lighthouses warn ships that are near land.Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. The light from their candles could be seen from far away. Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. For about six weeks. ____ The mating season begins. They head for the far north. The cranes’ mating season begins there. Read about the sandhill cranes’ trip. Add this fact to the web. Write the numbers from 1–4 on the lines. 18 . Every March. the birds leave. these large birds come to the Platte River in Nebraska. the cranes rest and eat there. ____ The cranes eat and rest. Scholastic Teaching Resources Here Come the Cranes About half a million sandhill cranes cover the sky. ____ The cranes fly to the far north. Then. Fill in the circles in order. 1 2 3 4 The sandhill cranes fly to the Platte River from the Gulf of Mexico. The river is an important stop on the birds’ trip north. Use the numbers and sentences above to help you. as the spring breezes turn warm. Show the correct order of what happens. ____ The cranes come to the Platte River. Suddenly the boys couldn’t find Robot. Someone had painted them over 15. ____ Robot gets lost. Use the numbers and sentences above to help you.000 years ago! Today these cave paintings are famous. Scholastic Teaching Resources A Painted Cave A very long time ago. ____ The boys hear barking and climb into a hole. Suppose you could ask each of the four boys a question. They were out with their dog Robot. They also found a cave with paintings on its walls and ceiling. Read about how the cave paintings were found. ____ The cave paintings become very famous. Write the numbers from 1–5 on the lines. people lived in caves.Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. ____ Four boys go out with their dog. What would you ask them? 19 . Here’s how four boys found some very old cave paintings in France. Then they heard the dog barking—under the ground! The boys climbed down a hole to find Robot. Fill in the circles in order. Show the correct order of what happened. ____ The boys find cave paintings. Find this city on a United States map.” he said. Mr. 20 . Ohio. “There must be a better way. no can opener at picnic Ermal Fraze was from Dayton. fold-back top. Fraze invented the pop-top can. Show the correct order of what happened. One night. Scholastic Teaching Resources Easy Opening In 1959. he invented the push-in. Mr. About 20 years later. It’s still in use today.Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. the Fraze family was on a picnic. Fraze finally opened the can on the bumper of his car. Complete the sequence web. The first one is done for you. They had forgotten to bring a can opener. The first one came out about 40 years ago. The Frisbee is about 70 years old. The first bike was made 150 years ago. Others are much newer. Show the order in which toys were first used. Complete the sequence web. in 1970. The rocking horse is about 200 years old. One of the earliest toys is the whistle.Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. Crayons have been around for about 100 years. Scholastic Teaching Resources Toys Through Time Some toys have been around for a long time. Video games are fairly new. Where would that go on the web? 21 . Many Native American children had whistles. small models are created. Finally the balloon is blown up and painted.Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. Then workers cut out and put together the pieces for the big balloon. Scholastic Teaching Resources Balloons on Parade Many people enjoy the big balloons at the Thanksgiving Day parade in New York City. Draw your own parade balloon. Here’s how these balloons are made. Show the order in which parade balloons are made. Next. First drawings of what the balloon might look like are done. Complete the sequence web. 22 . Fill in the circle of the best answer. Scholastic Teaching Resources Testing It Out Use after completing Balloons on Parade on page 22. You can guess that the balloons are— A easy to carry B used all year C where the balloons are kept during the year D which parade the balloon is for C very small D made carefully 23 . 1. The models of the balloon are— A large B small 4. The models are important because they— A are made before the drawings are done B appear in the parade C put in a parade D painted C 5 feet tall D 500 feet tall C after they are painted D after the parade begins C are put inside the balloon D show what the balloon will look like 6. The balloon pieces are cut out— A before the drawings are done B before the balloon is blown up 5. The first step in making a parade balloon is— A making models C doing drawings B blowing it up D painting it 2. After the balloon is blown up. it is— A cheered by crowds B popped 3. The paragraph does not tell you— A where the Thanksgiving Day Parade is B when the balloon is painted 8.Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. The paragraph suggests that making a parade balloon— C is done by one person A is easy D is a sad job B takes time 7. 1.Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. You come to a big lake. Car Ferry Both Train Ferry Planes can land on some ships. There’s no bridge. These boats have tracks on them. Which kind of ferry has ramps? ______________________________________ Write your answers in the correct parts of the circles. Both kinds of ferries are about 330 feet long. Some ferries are for trains. How do you get across? In some places. you can take a boat called a ferry. Which kind of ferry has tracks? ______________________________________ 4. Read the paragraph. Scholastic Teaching Resources On the Ferry You’re in a car. Find out what these ships are called. How long are most ferryboats? _______________________________________ 3. What is the job of each kind of ferry? __________________________________ 2. 24 . A car ferry has ramps so you can drive onto the boat. Then answer the questions. Fill in the diagram to show how the leaves are alike and different. Black Gum Beech Beech Both Black Gum Find leaves from two different trees. But black gum leaves have smooth edges. Then answer the questions. The leaves on black gum trees are about the same shape as beech leaves. 1. They also have uneven edges. In the fall. Beech leaves turn orange-brown. What shape are the leaves on both trees? ______________________________ Write your answers in the correct parts of the circles. narrow shape. black gum leaves turn yellow. What are the edges of each kind of leaf like? ___________________________ 2. Scholastic Teaching Resources Looking at Leaves You can recognize a tree by the shape of its leaves. 25 . What color does each kind of leaf turn? ________________________________ 3. Read the paragraph.Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. Make a diagram like the one on this page. The leaves on a beech tree have a long. What colors are both flags? _________________________________________ 2. The red circle stands for the sun. Japan’s name means the “land of the rising sun. How are the backgrounds of the two flags different? _____________________ Write your answers in the correct parts of the circles. What does Canada’s flag have in the center? ____________________________ 4. But its flag has a white background with two wide red stripes. Scholastic Teaching Resources Foreign Flags Every country has its own flag. Then answer the questions. What does Japan’s flag have in the center? _____________________________ 3. 26 . Japan Both Canada Find Japan and Canada on a world map.Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. Japan has a white flag with a red circle on it. The maple tree is a symbol of Canada. 1. In the center of the flag is a red maple leaf.” Canada also has a red and white flag. Read the paragraph. They study the ice and rocks there. South Pole North Pole South Pole Both North Pole When it is dark at the North Pole. 27 . it is light at the South Pole. There is no land at the North Pole—just slabs of ice. Write facts in each part of the Venn diagram. Both poles are very cold places. Where is the North Pole? It’s in the middle of the Arctic Ocean. Read the paragraph. Both have six months of daylight and six months of darkness. but scientists do work on Antarctica. Find out why this is so. People don’t make their homes on either pole. Scholastic Teaching Resources Opposite Poles The South Pole is on the continent of Antarctica.Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. It is also rich in minerals. The Lower Peninsula of Michigan is larger in area than the Upper Peninsula. The Upper Peninsula has many big forests. Add this fact to the diagram.Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. Both peninsulas attract tourists who come to spend vacations in Michigan. 28 . Scholastic Teaching Resources A State Apart The state of Michigan has two parts— the Upper Peninsula and the Lower Peninsula. Add headings to the Venn diagram. Read the paragraph. Most of the state’s industry is in the Lower Peninsula. Then write facts in each part of the diagram. Peninsulas are long arms of land that jut into water. Both of Michigan’s peninsulas are almost surrounded by the Great Lakes. The Lower Peninsula has more people and large cities. Instead of teeth. narwhal. Then write facts in each part of the diagram. any food that floats in stays behind the baleen plates. and blue. Add headings to the Venn diagram. Killer Whale Humpback Whale Find out which group each of the following whales belongs to: rorqual.Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. Both groups of whales are mammals. An example is the killer whale. When a whale gulps water. Read the paragraph. these whales have baleen plates in their mouths that act as strainers. An example of a baleen whale is the humpback whale. The whales in one group have teeth and hunt for food. 29 . Scholastic Teaching Resources Tales of Whales Scientists divide whales into two groups. Add these whales to the diagram. In the other group are baleen whales. These are called toothed whales. beluga. Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. such as tug-of-war. Not everything would be so different. except for one lock behind your right ear. you wouldn’t have air conditioning. You would eat with your fingers instead of forks and knives. Read the paragraph. Egyptian children played games. You might have a pet dog or cat. such as balls and dolls. On hot nights. Add these facts to the diagram. You would play with toys. leapfrog. You wouldn’t have hair either! Your head would be shaved. Then write facts in each part of the diagram. you wouldn’t go to school. and arm wrestling. You would spend time with your family. How would your life be different? For one thing. 30 . You would sleep on the roof of your home.500 years ago. And you would enjoy music. Add headings to the Venn diagram. Scholastic Teaching Resources Growing Up Suppose you lived in Egypt 4. Long ago. Scholastic Teaching Resources Testing It Out Use after completing Growing Up on page 30.Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. Children of today— A have no hair B wear only short hair C wear many hair styles D have to shave their heads 5. Both ancient Egyptians and people of today— C eat with knives and forks A enjoy time with family D listen to the same music B spend time in school 8. After dinner. Most families today stay cool by— A going swimming B shaving their heads C using air conditioning D sleeping outside 3.500 years ago— C were very cool A had peaked roofs D were hot at night B had electric fans 31 . Many children in both ancient Egypt and today might— C play with video games A play with a cat B ride a bike D go to school 2. You can guess that most Egyptian homes 4. You can guess that most children in ancient Egypt— A could read and write C had many magazines B took books out of the library D didn’t know how to write 6. Egyptian children would need to— C read a book A comb their hair D write to a friend B wash their hands 4.500 years ago B are not made today C have been popular for a long time D were only used by ancient Egyptians 7. 1. Toys such as balls and dolls— A were not made 4. Fill in the circle of the best answer. In some parts of the world. Many homes are built of wood planks called clapboard. Scholastic Teaching Resources Building Blocks Houses come in many shapes and sizes. What are three ways that clay is used? ________________________________ 3. Wood is another common material. clay tiles. Wood is also used to make shingles for the roof. Some homes are made of logs. Have a classmate answer it. Builders use clay bricks. too. How is grass used in houses? ________________________________________ Use your answers to complete the chart. They also cover their roofs with grasses. Wood Clay Grasses Use your chart to make up a question.Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. What are three ways that wood is used? _______________________________ 2. grass is used as building material. 32 . Read the paragraph. and clay pipes in many homes. 1. People weave grasses into mats. They are also built of many different materials. Then answer the questions. and. Scholastic Teaching Resources Play Ball What’s your favorite ball game? Many people like sports in which they throw a ball. football. Read the paragraph.Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. What are three sports in which you hit a ball? ___________________________ 3. of course. kickball. rugby. Other people play games in which they hit a ball. Players kick balls in soccer. Then answer the questions. you throw a ball. Hitting a Ball Throwing a Ball Kicking a Ball What do you do with the ball in baseball? Add baseball to the chart. 33 . In what games do you throw a ball? ___________________________________ Use your answers to complete the chart. A third kind of ball game calls for kicking a ball. Still another game in which a ball is hit is lacrosse. What are four sports where you kick a ball? _____________________________ 2. 1. Golf and tennis are two examples. In bowling and basketball. In Norway. Independence Day is July 4. people celebrate Constitution Day. and Ramadan. the Hindu harvest holiday is Pongal. Other holidays are national. Which three religious holidays are named? ______________________________ 3. These include Christmas. Then answer the questions. Some celebrations are religious. Which three national holidays are named? ______________________________ 2. In the United States. 1. 34 . Many holidays such as Thanksgiving celebrate harvests. Hannukah. National Holidays Harvest Holidays Religious Holidays Find another holiday to add to each group on the chart. Scholastic Teaching Resources Let’s Celebrate People everywhere enjoy holidays.Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. Read the paragraph. Which harvest holidays are named? ___________________________________ Use your answers to complete the chart. The French national holiday is Bastille Day. Jewish people celebrate Sukkot. In India. Two other kinds of shapes are cylinders and cubes. Some good examples of cylinders are candles.Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. cans. Use the paragraph to write three headings for the chart. piece of pipe. A toy block is an example of a cube. How are these things alike? They are all round shapes called spheres. So are oranges and some melons. Scholastic Teaching Resources Shaping Up A globe is one. Then write examples under each heading. And don’t forget balls. Add the following things to the chart: marble. lipstick. Other examples of cubes are square boxes and ice cubes. and straws. An example of a cylinder is the cardboard tube inside a roll of paper towels. 35 . Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. For Miami. the tag is MIA. Then write examples under each heading. Add the following airport codes to the chart: SJC (San Jose. California). 36 . Lauderdale is FLL. Other California tags are SAN for San Diego. If it’s Orlando. Florida. your bags might be tagged for these airports— HOU for Houston. California. PBI (West Palm Beach. Have a good trip! Use the paragraph to write three headings for the chart. Scholastic Teaching Resources Bag Tags Flying to Florida? The tag on your bag will tell what city you’re going to. SFO for San Francisco. Tampa is TPA. Florida). SRQ (Sarasota. Florida). JAX means you’re going to Jacksonville. If you’re flying to Texas. and SMF for Sacramento. or AUS for Austin. SAT for San Antonio. and Ft. the tag will have MCO. But LAX means Los Angeles. and blimp. Scholastic Teaching Resources Blending In How are the following words alike: blue. gray. tray. trick. black. Letter pairs like bl are blends. Some other words that begin with these letters are blob. blink? If you said they all begin with bl. 37 . Then write examples under each heading. smack. Use the paragraph to write four headings for the chart. Words such as smoke. smile. try. Add at least two more words to each group on the chart. grumpy? Two other blends are tr and sm. and smell begin with these blends. blanket. truck. What blend do the following words begin with: green.Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. Blends are two or more consonants that work together. you’re right. Then write examples under each heading. and Friendship Basket suggest special times. Whirlwind. and Signature. Rocky Glen.Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. Next Door Neighbor. 38 . Scholastic Teaching Resources Quilts of History Many quilts tell the story of pioneer life. Use the paragraph to write four headings for the chart. Use your chart to tell someone about quilt names. Other quilts. Sunburst. such as North Wind. Hole in the Barn Door. Baby Blocks. and Broken Dishes should give you some idea! Pioneers had fun too. Friends often made an album quilt for a family heading West. and Weather Friendship Basket Vane were other names of weather quilts. told the story of weather. These patchwork blankets had names with special meanings. Album quilt names include Autograph. Each block of the quilt was made and signed by a different friend. What was the trip West like? Quilt names like Hill and Valley. Quilt names such as Wedding Rings. Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. 1. Fill in the circle of the best answer. A Sunshine and Shadows quilt would most likely be — A a special times quilt C an album quilt B a weather quilt D a going West quilt 8. Signature and Hole in the Barn Door were examples of— A special times quilts C weather quilts B traveling west quilts D album quilts 4. A quilt that did not tell about special times was— A Rocky Glen C Friendship Basket B Wedding Rings D Baby Blocks 6. Album quilts were often— A welcome home quilts B wedding gifts C baby gifts D going away gifts 5. One name of a weather quilt was— A Broken Dishes B Next Door Neighbor C blanket D neighbor C North Wind D Hill and Valley 3. You can guess that the trip West was— A always sunny B often bumpy C short and dull D usually rainy 7. Scholastic Teaching Resources Testing It Out Use after completing Quilts of History on page 38. Quilts are a kind of— A friendship B autograph 2. Two quilt names that tell about the hard trip West are— A Hill and Valley and Broken Dishes C North Wind and Friendship Basket B Wedding Rings and Sunburst D Autograph and Weather Vane 39 . Scholastic Teaching Resources Silly Laws Many states have some silly laws. Usually. What might cause you to pay a fine in Arizona? __________________________ Cause Effect Cause Effect Don’t fish from a camel in Idaho! It’s against the law. Use your answers to fill in each cause-and-effect map. You might have to pay a fine. Over time. don’t let a donkey sleep in your bathtub in Arizona. Answer the questions. the need for the laws changed. You might get put in jail! Read the paragraph. 1. For example. 40 . What could happen if you whistle underwater in Vermont? _________________ 2.Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. Don’t whistle underwater in Vermont. these laws were made in the past for a good reason. Now the laws seem silly. Make a cause-and-effect map for this law. What is the effect of building houses on stilts? __________________________ Cause Effect Cause Effect Cause Effect Find the continent Asia and the country Malaysia on a world map. Use your answers to fill in each cause-and-effect map. 1. Answer the questions. called a kampong.Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. Why do people in the kampong need to cool their houses? _________________ 2. is in a hot. Why doesn’t the kampong have air conditioning? _________________________ 3. People keep their homes cool and dry by building their houses on stilts. Scholastic Teaching Resources Cooling a Kampong Let’s visit a village in Malaysia. There is no air conditioning in any of the buildings. Malaysia is a country in Asia. 41 . Air can blow around the houses. The village. The kampong has no electricity. Read the paragraph. wet jungle. Other people began giving their extra books to the restaurant.Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. Doyle took some of the books to the restaurant that he owned. As a result. Answer the questions. Scholastic Teaching Resources Eat and Read Marty Doyle collected thousands of books. What two things happened to the restaurant after that? ___________________ Use your answers to complete the cause-and-effect map. How did he solve it? _______________________________________________ 3. 1. Doyle’s problem? ______________________________________ 2. He gave a free book to each diner. he ran out of room for them. Read the paragraph. too. the restaurant soon became famous as a place to eat and read. Mr. One day. Doyle’s restaurant might look like. What was Mr. 42 . Other Effects Cause First Effect Draw a picture showing what mealtime at Mr. Read the paragraph. the birds stayed out of the garden. Birds ate all the seeds she carefully planted. Just as she had hoped. The woman’s plants grew in peace. The woman put brown belts along the newly planted rows in her garden. Other Effects Cause First Effect What conclusions can you make about birds and snakes? 43 . Then complete the cause-and-effect map.Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. Scholastic Teaching Resources Fool the Birds A woman in Virginia had a problem. the birds thought the belts were snakes! As a result. Then make a Venn diagram to show your information. There’s an even bigger cause why elephants are dying out. Scholastic Teaching Resources Excellent Elephants Elephants are the largest animals on land.Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. smart animals live in Africa and parts of Asia. You may have seen elephants in zoos. too. One reason is that people hunt them for their ivory tusks. Read the paragraph. The land where elephants live is being taken over by people. These strong. 44 . Causes Effect Learn about the differences between African and Asian elephants. Elephants are in danger of dying out. Then complete the cause-and-effect map. ” As a result of its warm. such as oranges and grapefruits. 45 . Scholastic Teaching Resources Where the Sun Shines Florida is known for its pleasant weather. Northerners on vacation also visit Florida for the same reason. Florida is a good place for growing fruits. Effects Cause During which season do most people probably go to Florida? Tell why you think so. In fact.Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. They enjoy the good weather. sunny climate. it has earned the nickname “Sunshine State. Read the paragraph. Many older people go to live in Florida. Then complete the cause-and-effect map. Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. Brake lights on cars are also red. But too much red in a bedroom can make it hard to sleep. Read the paragraph. 46 . Scholastic Teaching Resources Seeing Red People really notice the color red. Emergency exit signs inside buildings are red. The color tells drivers to stop. As a result. Because people notice red. Effects Cause Explain to someone why red is used in traffic lights. too. Then complete the cause-and-effect map. it is often used in ads. red is used on traffic lights. Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. 1. Red is used on traffic lights because it— C keeps people awake A is a pretty color B makes people notice D means “go ahead” 2. The paragraph suggests that red is a— A useful color B dull color calm color D favorite color C 47 . It’s important for drivers to— A see exit signs inside buildings B notice red in different ads the color is easy to read D people notice the color C see brake lights on other cars D use red to stay awake C 4. Ads often contain red because— A the color means danger B people like the color 3. Scholastic Teaching Resources Testing It Out Use after completing Seeing Red on page 46. Red is used in emergency exit signs so people will— C stop what they’re doing A put on their brakes D see the signs easily B go to sleep quickly 5. Fill in the circle of the best answer. You can guess that fire engines are red because— C people will see them and get out of the way A it is a popular color D it matches their brake lights B firefighters like the color red 8. You can guess that too much red might— C cause drivers to brake A make it easy to sleep D cause people to stay inside a building B make it hard to nap 7. The paragraph does not say that— A brake lights are red B people notice the color red red tells drivers to stop D people “see red” when they are angry C 6. sand. turkey Page 13: topic: U. details: flag. Sunburst. 3. to cover roofs Page 33: Hitting a Ball—golf. Sukkot (Jewish). Train Ferry—carries trains. no one makes home there Page 28: Upper Peninsula—big forests. A 6. Effect—fine Page 41: Cause—hot climate. brake lights. cheese. red maple leaf Page 27: South Pole—on continent of Antarctica. 330 feet long. Candles were used. salt. blimp. balls. crayons 5. has tracks Page 25: Beech—uneven edges. FLL (Ft. D 5. makes it hard for people to sleep Page 47: 1. globes. A Page 6: 1. Page 18: 1. C 8. 10 to 15 years Page 9: crust. rugby. Page 20: 1. fold-back top Page 21: 1. whistle 2. minerals. ham. older people go to live there.” good for growing oranges and grapefruit. Both—long. Fires were built on hillsides. shave hair. Weather Vane. blanket. SMF (Sacramento). Religious Holidays—Christmas. sunny climate.Answers Short Reading Passages With Graphic Organizers to Model & Teach Key Comprehension Skills: Grades 2-3 © Linda Ward Beech. The cranes eat and rest. SAT (San Antonio). truck. rocking horse 3. Baby Blocks. yawn—9 mph. Robot gets lost. football. six months of day and six months of night. pipes. lacrosse. Grasses—mats. C 5. birds stayed away from garden. JAX (Jacksonville). First Effect—put brown belts in garden. Four boys go out with their dog. details: Locomotive carries engineer. A Page 16: 1. trick. 3. use forks and knives. D Page 24: Car Ferry—carries cars. The mating season begins. SM—smoke. melons. Canada—white background with two red stripes. Pongal (India). Maine state insect is the honeybee. Symbols. Page 17: 1. sleep on roof. TPA (Tampa). Effects—used on traffic lights. killer whale. bologna. narrow leaves. hiccup—50 mph. The cranes come to the Platte River. The boys hear barking and climb into a hole. Lower Peninsula—more people and large cities. The volcano cooled down. Other Effects—restaurant became famous. Red-hot rock poured down its sides. have fans and air conditioning Page 31: 1. humpback 48 . 5. decides there must be a better way 3. Throwing a Ball— basketball. Special Times Quilts—Wedding Rings. Black Gum—smooth edges. lobster Page 8: 1. A Page 40: Cause—whistle under water in Vermont. D Page 32: Wood—clapboard. Page 30: Ancient Egypt—no school. MIA (Miami). used in ads. circle for sun. Whirlwind. Going West Quilts—Hill and Valley. shingles. B 3. Next Door Neighbor. Clay—bricks. Rocky Glen. 4. Constitution Day (Norway). Harvest Holidays—Thanksgiving (U. C 8. D 6. Massachusetts state dessert is Boston cream pie. Lighthouses use electric light. A 2. Statue of Liberty. 4. Weather Quilts—North Wind. A 5. B 4. Both—mammals. The new island was named Surtsey. Both—spend time with family. no land. smell Page 38: Album Quilts—Autograph. South Carolina state amphibian is the salamander. blueberries 3.S. First Effect—took books to restaurant and gave one to each diner. Effects—called “Sunshine State. The cave paintings become very famous. straws Page 36: Florida—MCO (Orlando). B 8. Ramadan Page 35: Spheres—oranges. cans. 2. invents push-in. Texas—HOU (Houston). Lauderdale). bike 4. Effect—elephants in danger of dying out Page 45: Cause—Florida has warm. blink. turn yellow Page 26: Japan—white background. Both—red and white. North Dakota state drink is milk. models made 3. SAN (San Diego). inner core Page 10: Arizona state colors are blue and gold. Kicking a Ball—soccer. scientists study rocks and ice. B 4. boxes. invents pop-top 4. blob. Effect—arrest. salute 3. Effect—air can blow around to cool homes Page 42: Cause—ran out of room for books. B 5. B 7. Page 11: laugh—16 mph. The cranes fly to the far north. details: peanut butter and jelly. most of industry Page 29: Toothed Whales—have teeth and hunt. candles. B 4.). has ramps. D 6. C 2. sneeze—104 mph Page 12: topic: Favorite Sandwiches for School Lunches. Signature. Cause—no electricity. Other Effects—birds thought belts were snakes. part of Michigan. snore—6-7 mph. Boxcar carries many things. Hole in the Barn Door. people gave their extra books Page 43: Cause—birds eating seeds. Bastille Day (France). B 2. drawings done 2. vacationers visit there Page 46: Cause—red is attention-getting color. have pets. Effect—no air conditioning. Caboose carries offices and beds for crew. D 3. C 7. 60 miles an hour 3. B 2. blow up and paint balloons Page 23: 1. D 4. Cause—let donkey sleep in tub in Arizona. tennis. B 7. GR—green. SFO (San Francisco). grumpy. California—LAX (Los Angeles). like music. video games Page 22: 1. D 5. half a pound 2. Cubes—blocks. C 4. Scholastic Teaching Resources Accept all reasonable answers. no can opener at picnic 2. Tanker car carries gas. A 8. Cylinders—paper towel tubes. Broken Dishes. willow 2. mantle. Liberty Bell. tiles. outer core. B 7. bowling. Effect—need to cool houses. tray. emergency exit lights. ice cubes. Both—very cold. plants grew in peace Page 44: Causes—elephants hunted for ivory. 4. bald eagle Page 14: topic: Different Cars Carry Different Things. The boys find cave paintings. 2. Friendship Basket Page 39: 1. Flatcar carries large things that must be tied down. carry vehicles. Smoke came out of the sea. 4. eat with fingers. smile. D 6. C 2. D 6. 3. humans taking over land. D 3. Hopper car carries coal. logs. cut out and put together pieces 4.S. Both—cross water. Cause—houses on stilts. turn orange-brown. 2. kickball Page 34: National Holidays—Independence Day (U. play with balls and dolls. black. many hairstyles. C 3.). Uncle Sam. surrounded by Great Lakes. Today—school. TR—try. islands 2. Page 19: 1.S. 2. gray. Both—attract tourists. B 7. comet Page 7: 1. smack. Oil lamps lit lighthouses. C 3. 3. Page 15: 1. Hannukah. Baleen Whales—baleen plates. North Pole—in Arctic Ocean. C 8. AUS (Austin) Page 37: BL—blue.