SCHOOL-WIDE ENRICHMENT MODEL PROGRAMME MARA JUNIOR SCIENCE COLLEGE PASIR SALAK 2013STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS NASAL CARRIAGE OF WORKERS IN PADDY’S FACTORY (SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH) GROUP’S NAME: “SILENT KILLER” MEMBER’S NAME: 1. ‘AIRIN FARHANA BINTI SAIFUL YAZAN (13603) 2. ANIS SYAFIKA BINTI YUSOF (13616) 3. NURAQILAH BINTI MANSOR (13636) 4. SYIFFADYNA BINTI KAMARUDIN (13614) FACILITATOR: PUAN MURNI WATI BINTI KAMARUDDIN 0 CONTENT NO TOPIC TEACHERS RECOGNITION STUDENT RECOGNITION ‘AIRIN FARHANA BINTI SAIFUL YAZAN ANIS SYAFIKA BINTI YUSOF NURAQILAH BINTI MANSOR SYIFFADYNA BINTI KAMARUDIN APPRECIATION INTRODUCTION ABSTRACT 1. PROBLEM STATEMENT 2. MEANING OF THESIS 3. THESIS REVIEW METHODOLOGY PAGE 1 2 2 3-6 3 4 5 7 8 9 6 7 10-11 12-18 CHART RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ANALYSIS RESULT TABLE FROM SAMPLE ANTIBIOTICS RESULTS SAMPLE 8 REFERENCES 9 ATTACHMENT 19 20 1 Kajian ini telah dilakukan di Universiti Kuala Selangor dibawah seliaan Tn..... Tajuk kajian ini adalah Staphylococcus Aureus Nasal Carriage In Paddy’s Factory... Murni Wati bt Kamaruddin) Tarikh pengakuan: ………………... Kajian ini telah dilakukan kerana penyakit yang dibawa oleh bacteria ini mampu membawa kepada maut.Badli Shah.............. Oleh itu... Guru Penasihat: .. (Pn.. STUDENT’S RECOGNITION 2 .. saya menerima dan mengesahkan kajian ini sebagai School Enricment Model Type II pelajar ini..TEACHER’S RECOGNITION Saya Puan Murni Wati binti Kamaruddin mengakui bahawa kajian ini adalah daripada hasil sebenar pelajar... ...I..Anis Syafika binti Yusof admit that the research that had been done was made originally from us. Thank you... (Anis Syafika binti Yusof) 3 . The research entitled. Staphylococcus Aureus Nasal Carriage In Paddy’s Factory was about the bacteria that is dangerous to our body and can bring to death. Tuan Badli Shah........ It was helped by the proffesser that worked at Microbiology Institute named.That’s all from us... Selangor............ This research had been done at The UNISEL.Kuala Selangor....... We thanks to his helped. The objective why we did this research is we want to give the information about the danger of the Staphylococcus Aureus to the community... Hopefully.. Student.. this thesis can be accepted as the SEM TYPE II for this year.. . .Kuala Selangor.. Student.STUDENT’S RECOGNITION I... Hopefully........ Selangor.... We thanks to his helped. Thank you........ It was helped by the proffesser that worked at Microbiology Institute named. (‘Airin Farhana binti Saiful Yazan) 4 . This research had been done at The UNISEL. The objective why we did this research is we want to give the information about the danger of the Staphylococcus Aureus to the community.... this thesis can be accepted as the SEM TYPE II for this year..... The research entitled. Staphylococcus Aureus Nasal Carriage In Paddy’s Factory was about the bacteria that is dangerous to our body and can bring to death..That’s all from us......... ‘Airin Farhana binti Saiful Yazan admit that the research that had been done was made originally from us. Tuan Badli Shah.. ....... . this thesis can be accepted as the SEM TYPE II for this year..... It was helped by the proffesser that worked at Microbiology Institute named... Staphylococcus Aureus Nasal Carriage In Paddy’s Factory was about the bacteria that is dangerous to our body and can bring to death. Selangor.. Student. (Nuraqilah binti Mansor) 5 .. The objective why we did this research is we want to give the information about the danger of the Staphylococcus Aureus to the community... Thank you.. The research entitled....Nuraqilah binti Mansor admit that the research that had been done was made originally from us. This research had been done at The UNISEL.. We thanks to his helped.. Hopefully. Tuan Badli Shah.........That’s all from us....Kuala Selangor..STUDENT’S RECOGNITION I... .. This research had been done at The UNISEL..... Hopefully.....STUDENT’S RECOGNITION I..That’s all from us...... Student... Staphylococcus Aureus Nasal Carriage In Paddy’s Factory was about the bacteria that is dangerous to our body and can bring to death..Syiffadyna binti Kamarudin admit that the research that had been done was made originally from us........ Thank you. We thanks to his helped. The objective why we did this research is we want to give the information about the danger of the Staphylococcus Aureus to the community. Selangor.. (Syiffadyna binti Kamarudin) 6 .. this thesis can be accepted as the SEM TYPE II for this year.. The research entitled..Kuala Selangor. Tuan Badli Shah.. .... It was helped by the proffesser that worked at Microbiology Institute named.... Same goes to UNISEL Management and Mr.That’s all from me. thank you for the effort and support in this thesis especially in finance. Tuan Badli Shah.APPRECIATION First of all.I.Pn. The finance is used to done our thesis the entitled. For our teammates. ‘SILENT KILLER’ would like to give an honour to the Principal of MJSC Pasir Salak. Anis Syafika binti Yusof as the representative from the group. 7 .Tuan Badli Shah. Thanks to teacher for guiding us in making this thesis. Murni Wati binti Kamaruddin. Tn. Thanks for allowing us to do our research at the Microbiology Lab of UNISEL under guidance of Mr. Futhermore. for our beloved SEM TYPE guidance’s teacher. thanks for the teamwork and cooperation from each of you in completing this thesis.Hj Abd. Other than that. not forgeting our parents too. Manaf bin Abd Majid for his support and chances that he provide to us in doing the scientific research efficiently. ‘Staphylococcus Aureus Nasal Carriage of Workers In Paddy’s Factory’. thank you. Though. Our group have been chose this research to give warning to thecommunity to prevent this infection spread widely. staphylococcal infection occurs regularly in hospitalized patients and has severe consequences. but it costly too much. this bacteria can be treat use medicine in the hospital. S. 8 .aureus infection and a reservoir for methi-cillin-resistant S. Despite the use of antibiotic therapy. Therefore.aureus to antimicrobials is a cause for concern. the increased resistance of S. So.INTRODUCTION Staphylococcus aureus has long been recognized as an important pathogen that causes human disease and nasal carriage of S. here we must take care of our health. aureus infection is often difficult to treat. because many MRSA strains are also resistant to multiple other drugs and major causes of nosocomial infections worldwide. aureus (MRSA).aureus is also an important risk factor for S. 9%. All MRSA strains were multiresistant to cephalexin and erythromycin. ampicillin. The determination of antibiotic sensitivity pattern of MRSA and the mecA gene among S.9%.6%. gentamicin. aureus nasal isolates will help the clinicians for strategy treatment in hospitals. two hundred seventy patients were screened for nasal swabs. Sixty-four strains (23. 9 . few data are available for Paddy’s Factory of Sekinchan. and 28 (43. 68. chloramphenicol. cotrimoxazole. doxycycline.7%) were isolated from 80 workers of Paddy’s Factory in Sekinchan. No strain of S.3%) and MSSA was from 47 patients (17. 76. therefore no significant difference between the sexes with regard to rates of carriage was observed.Tg.25%) were women. MRSA was isolated from 17 patients (6. Tanjung Karang.4%). 7.Karang. cephalexin. aureus and methicillin-resistant S.ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage is a significant risk factor for the epidemic staphylococcal infection in hospitals. 60.8% and ciprofloxacin.23%) had corresponding mecA gene while 2 remaining strains were borderlineoxacillin resistant S. To measure the nasal carriage of S. 65.7%. Susceptibility test was performed on S.6%. aureus by routine microbiological methods. 85. MRSA strains were detected the presence of mecA gene by PCR.9%. 54.75%) were men. 15/17 (88. Of the 64 nasal carriers. 36 (56. however. Aureus phenotype. aureus was found resistant to vancomycin. aureus strains using disk diffusion method.8%. aureus in ENT patients. The isolates were identified as S. Of MRSA strains. 10. The susceptibility rates to the antibiotics were as follows: penicillin and erythromycin. On set temperature is 120 degrees Celsius. put in the eppendorf tube. Scientist had discovered the reason of the death and it comes from the hidden bacteria that infected in our body. mamitol salt agar powder is measured by weighting the boat of 55. As a result. After that. Each order will be a two-sided. After all samples are sufficient.we unable to continue our lab experiment. it means that Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) positive subjects. Meanwhile incubating the samples. samples was transfer to Mamitol Salt Agar. Once completed insert it into the containers. Use damp cotton buds to take samples from the nose (the most active Staphylococcus aureus on human skin) of all subjects.due to the time given. To obtain the results will have to wait at least after 2 or 3 days. Samples are being streak on the Mamitol Salt Agar in order to get the test done. and the temperature mamitol cooking salt that cooked is 80 degrees Celsius. 10 . 1 ml of nutrient broth is added in each eppendorf tube containing the sample by using syringe. Then. we always shocked with the news about the sudden death in this community. Then sterilize it in the machine. This method begins with taking samples in the range of 100 (75) of Hj Md Noor’s rice mill workers. If Mamitol Salt Agar that belongs to the subject of yellow. two experimental subjects. Mamitol Salt Agar is prepared according to the number of samples taken. the color pink on mamitol salt agar is negative subjects and free from Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA). the samples are being incubate in shaking incubator (oven) at a temperature of 37 degrees Celsius for 18 to 20 hours. 500 ml of water mixed with the powder and not too strong shake to combine. and the last. For the preparation of salt mamitol agar.METHODOLOGY Nowadays.5 grams. This paper is done with a view to reduce the incidence of sudden deaths occurring in the community. When this step is complete. CHART Stuart Transport Media Nutrient Broth (Shake 160rpm.18-24hrs) Gram Stain Sensitivity test Biochemical test Orsab Blood Agar Glycerol Stock (-20C and -80C) Genomic DNA Extraction Nutrient Agar Slant 11 .37C 18-24hrs) Mannitol Salt Agar (37C 18-24hrs) Blood Agar (37C. The Mueller-Hinton Agar were incubated at 37°C and result were recorded after 24 hours of incubation. ANTIBIOTIC DISK SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING The antimicrobial agent compraising of of methicillin.aureus ATCC 29213 and MRSA S. 12 .UK) were use in this test according to CLSI 2006 guideline employing disk diffusion method. clindamycin. Due to the time constrain we unable to continue our lab session. However. Maryland.e.1ug oxacillin and 30ug vancomycin were done to confirm the isolates as describe by 2006 CLSI standards. MSSA S. tetracycline and vancomycin disks (Oxoid Ltd. molecular technique. oxacillin. Rockville. chloramphenicol. 10ug methicillin . further confirmation test need to be done to confirm the findings i.USA) were as positive and negative controls respectively Minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) Disk diffusion method Disk diffusion sensitivity test.aureus ATCC 43300 (American Type Culture Collection.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION This study reports similar results as seen elsewhere and demonstrates a carriage rate of 5-10% overall. Gram Stains 13 . CLINICAL AND LABORATORY STANDARD INSTITUTE 2006 ANTIBIOTIC BREAKPOINT 14 . ANTIBIOTIC RESULT 15 . Mannitol positive Staphyloccus aureus (left) and mannitol negative Staphyloccus epidermidis (right) MAMITOL SALT AGAR 16 . SYMPTOMS OF INFECTION MRSA SKIN INFECTION 17 . THE WAY ON HOW TO PREVENT THE INFECTION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS Wash hand frequently especially after touch something Take bath and rub the body cleanly Always see doctor to make medical check up 18 . PMID 16565219 http://www. Cell. CDC Guideline "Management of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in Healthcare Settings. 111 (9): 1265–73.org/web/20070711030535/http://www. 2006" 19 .gov/pmc/articles/PMC154455/ 3. doi:10.ncbi. ^ Bootsma MC. doi:10.tufts.nlm.nlm. Berger-Bächi B (November 1999).gov/medlineplus/mrsa. "Antimicrobial resistance: the example of Staphylococcus aureus". 6.html 4. PMC 1459403.pdf 2.0510077103.nih. Invest.1073/pnas.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1459403/ 5. Diekmann O.ncbi. PMID 12727914. doi:10.edu/med/apua/Patients/ ridbooklet.archive. "Controlling methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: quantifying the effects of interventions and rapid diagnostic testing".REFFERENCES 1.nih. http://www. McCaughey B.nlm. 56 (9–10): 764–70. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103 (14): 5620–5. "Unnecessary Deaths: The Human and Financial Costs of Hospital Infections http://web.1172/JCI18535. Clin. Bonten MJ (2006). Lowy FD (May 2003). Mol. "Genetic basis of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus". PMID 11212336. Life Sci.nih. MedlinePlus Trusted Health Information for You http://www. J. PMC 154455.1007/s000180050023. towels. and clothes in hot water with bleach and dry in a hot dryer If a wound appears to be infected. NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases 20 .ATTACHMENT MRSA Also called: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Email this page to a friendShare on facebookShare on twitterBookmark & SharePrinterfriendly versionSubscribe to RSS MRSA stands for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. razors. Hospital-associated MRSA happens to people in healthcare settings. such as athletes involved in football and wrestling. Community-associated MRSA happens to people who have close skin-to-skin contact with others. To prevent community-associated MRSA Practice good hygiene Keep cuts and scrapes clean and covered with a bandage until healed Avoid contact with other people's wounds or bandages Avoid sharing personal items. such as towels. It causes a staph infection (pronounced "staff infection") that is resistant to several common antibiotics. Treatments may include draining the infection and antibiotics. or clothes Wash soiled sheets. washcloths. There are two types of infection. Infection control is key to stopping MRSA in hospitals. see a health care provider. 21 . 22 .