PROJECT REPORT ON COMPUTER SCIENCEH.S.L.C. Examination 2013 A Project study submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of Elective Computer Science of the Board of Secondary Education, Assam for the H.S.L.C. Examination 2013 TOPICS COVERED a) M.S. Access b) HTML c) C Programming Submitted By Name: Anshuman Dutta Centre No: B13-346 Registration No: 13/RP/0880/188327/11 Roll No: 0520 Certificate by The Principal This is to certify that Sri Anshuman Dutta, Roll No: 0520, Registration No: 13/RP/0880/188327/11 is a student of Spring Dale School, Jorhat has prepared this project report on elective Computer Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements of Elective Computer Science of the Board of Secondary Education, Assam for the H.S.L.C. Examination 2013. I wish him a bright future. (Signature of The Principal) Spring Dale School, Jorhat Date: …………………………… Certificate by The Guide This is to certify that Sri Anshuman Dutta, Roll No: 0520, Registration No: 13/RP/0880/188327/11 is a student of Spring Dale School, Jorhat has prepared this project report on elective Computer Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements of Elective Computer Science of the Board of Secondary Education, Assam for the H.S.L.C. Examination 2013 under my direct supervision. I wish him a bright future. Mr. Rajesh Singh Computer Teacher ACKNOWLEDGEMENT As per syllabus of the project required to be submitted in connection with the interval valuation in the H.S.L.C. Exam-2012 of Computer Science for class-X as directed by Board of Secondary Education (S.E.B.A), I have prepared this Project Report for the purpose of my own efforts. My heartiest thanks go to Secondary Education Board of Assam (SEBA) to give an opportunity to learn computer subject in our syllabus, as it is an important part of education now-a-days. I also owe to our school Principal for maintaining strict discipline and allowing us to do computer practical classes with all the necessary equipments. Beside this, I express my gratitude to our Class Teacher and all others teachers of our school. In fine, I do hereby acknowledgement the receipt of necessary guidance prolific instruction given by our respected Computer Teacher Rajesh Sir of our Spring Dale High School for which this project could be bought out to such a grand getup with all required points as incorporated therein as lucidly as possible. Anshuman Dutta CONTENTS Sl.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 INDEX Page No. 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 11 11 12 13 14 14 16 15 16 17 18 21 22 23 24 General Introduction to the Project Introduction to M.S. Access Creating a database Design View of Table1 Design View of Table2 Design View of Table3 Query in M S Access Output of the Query Forms in M S Access Output of the Forms Reports in M S Access Output of the Reports Utility of the created Database Introduction to HTML Creating the Home page with Links Browser View of the Home Page Source Code of the 2nd Page Browser View of the 2nd Page Source Code of the 3rd Page Browser View of the 3rd Page Source Code of the 4th Page Browser View of the 4th Page Utility of the Website Introduction to C Flow Chart of the Program Algorithm Source Code of the Program Output of the Program Utility of the program General Conclusion Bibliography General Introduction to the Project Welcome to the “Introduction Age” throughout the world of computer. This is a project report on Microsoft Access, HTML and ‘C’ Language as recommended by S.E.B.A. I am very thankful to S.E.B.A. for introducing Microsoft Access, HTML and ‘C’ Language, in our syllabus. Microsoft Access allows us to store and organize information in sets of tables, which can be displayed in the form of columns and rows to look like a table or an index card. I have designed one database system “Employee Records Database System” to keep the records of all Employees in an organization. It is computerized so that it will be easy for us to maintain the everyday records in a computerized system. All the required Tables, Queries, Forms and Reports are designed. HTML is the acronym for Hyper Text Markup Language. It is a computer language that is used for creating Web pages. It is a language for describing the structure of a document. It defines a set of common styles for Web pages. In this report I have tried to design a Web site on HTML on the topic “India Tourism” containing six web pages including the home page. I have created hyperlinks to link all those web pages so that we can easily navigate through the website. I also used all the possible HTML TAGs and ATTRIBUTEs that can be useful to develop this project. The ‘C’ complier combines the capabilities of an assembly language with the features of a high-level language and therefore it is well suited for writings both system software and business packages. Programs written in ‘C’ are efficient and fast. This is due to its variety of data types and powerful operators. It is many times faster than BASIC. There are only 32 keywords and its strength lies in its build in functions. Several standard functions are available which can be used for developing programs. I have tried to design a program in ‘C’ Language and its flowchart and the program will give the output, when a user enters any data from the keyboard. Introduction to M. S. Access M S Access is a RDBMS package from Microsoft. Microsoft Corporation, which is the largest producer of software in the world, in the 90’s, introduced the concept of M.S. Access, to take care of most of our database requirements. It allows us to store and organize information in sets of tables, which can be displayed in the form of columns and rows to look like a table or an index card. What’s more it allows us to perform calculations and find for our simple statistics like totals and averages. It allows us to sort the data in any form and extract the required information based on the key given by us. Creating the Database The Database helps us to extract specific information from the MS Access. This is the best way to create Database. Steps to create the table: 1. Select Create table by using wizard, in the Database dialog box. 2. Click on either Business or Personal, depending upon the kind of table that we want to create. 3. Scroll the ‘Sample Tables’ list. Click on the required table and see the sample fields of the chosen table in the ‘Sample Field’ list. 4. To add a field from the sample list, double click on the field name and then on ‘>’ button present on the dialog box. To include all the fields from the list, click on the ‘>>’ button. 5. To remove a field after initially including it, click on it in the rightmost list, then click on the ‘<’ button. Clicking on ‘<<’ button removes all the fields. 6. After including all the required fields in the New table, click Next. 7. Wizard asks us to name the table. It even suggests a name. We have to type the name and click Next. 8. A final dialog box with three main options appears. Click Finish. Design View of Table 1 Employee Table Design View of Table 2 Department Table Design View of Table 3 Salary Table Query in M S Access The Query helps us to extract specific information from the database. It is like asking a question to the Access and finding out the answer. Steps to create a query: 1. Click the Query tab in the Database window. 2. Click the New button on the Database window toolbar. 3. In the New Query dialog box, select Design View. 4. Click OK. 5. In the Show Table dialog box that opens, select the tables we want to include in our Query, clicking Add after each. 6. After we have added all the tables we want included, click Close. 7. Double click a field in the field box in the upper portion of the select Query dialog box to add it to the query design grid. 8. The Show check boxes in the grid should be checked for all the fields that we want to display in the resulting datasheet. 9. To sort the records in the resulting datasheet, click for the Field that we want to sort and then select Ascending or Descending from the drop-down list. Output of the Query Employee Table Salary Query Forms in M S Access Forms give us the interface which enables the users to view as wel as enter records easily into the tables. The output of the forms Employee Form Salary Form Reports in M S Access A Report will print our database in a format, which looks best on the paper using the printer attached to our computer. This is no doubt the quickest way of creating a Report. The output of the reports Employee Report Salary Report Utility of the created Database Creating database is probably the easiest and fastest method of creating a database where we have to fill up some information and the database is ready for us. It not only creates Tables for us but all the Forms, Reports, etc., connected with it are done too. Introduction to HTML HTML is the acronym for Hyper Text Markup Language. It is a computer language that is used for creating Web pages. It is a language for describing the structure of a document. It defines a set of common styles for Web pages. Hypertext is a text stored in electronic form with cross-reference links to other pages or documents. Markup means we start with the text of our page and markup (or add) special tags around words and paragraphs. The tags indicate different parts of the page, add extra features and produce different effects when the file is opened in the browser. Language provides Rules and Syntax for the tags and tags. It is a scripting language, which differs completely from programming language. HTML is across platform language, i.e., HTML documents can be used on any type of computer or platform like Macintosh Computer, IBM Computer, UNIX, Windows etc. HTML tags do not specify the exact font sizes, line spacing, indents etc. which are the formatting features generally used to control the appearance of a document in a word processor or publishing software. Creation of the Home Page with Links Browser View of the Home Page (index.html file) Source Code of the Home Page (index.html) file <html> <head> <title>New 7 Wonders</title> </head> <body> <table width="850" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td><img src="images/logo.png" width="334" height="72" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="images/thenew7wonders.jpg" width="850" height="221" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><h1> New Seven Wonders</h1> <p align="justify"> The New 7 Wonders Foundation is a private organization established in 2001, which is dedicated to investing in good causes related with the monument preservation and reconstruction around the world.</p> <p align="justify"> This organization prepared a global contest on Internet whose goal was to find the New Seven Wonders of the World. This election was made through a global vote on its website. Finally, on July 07, 2007 the election’s results were announced and these are the proclaimed New Seven Wonders of the World</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><table width="85%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td width="27%"><img src="images/th-taj-mahal.jpg" width="200" height="140" border="0" /></td> <td width="16%" valign="top"><h4 class="style1">Taj Mahal</h4> <p align="justify">Taj Mahal or the epitome of love is a magnificent monument that reflects an immense love.</p> <p align="right"><a href="Taj_Mahal.html"><br /> <br /> View Details </a></p> </td> <td width="1%" valign="top"> </td> <td width="28%"><img src="images/th-christ-redeemers.jpg" width="200" height="140" /></td> <td width="28%" valign="top"><h4 class="style1">Christ the Redeemer</h4> <p align="justify" style="margin-top:5">Christ the Redeemer, the most important monument of the Catholic parishioners waits for the visitors of the whole world with the opened arms.</p> <p align="right"><a href="Christ the Redeemer.html">View Details</a> </p></td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><img src="images/tab_sp.jpg" width="156" height="5" /></td> <td><img src="images/col_sp.jpg" width="10" height="10" /></td> <td> </td> <td><img src="images/tab_sp.jpg" width="156" height="5" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="images/th-chichen-itzas.jpg" width="200" height="140" /></td> <td valign="top"><h4 class="style1">Chichen Itza</h4> <p align="justify">Chichen Itza is the religious center more amazing of the Mexican history and one of citadels Mayan more ancient.</p> <p align="right"><br /> <a href="Chichen Itza.html">View Details</a> </p></td> <td> </td> <td><img src="images/great-wall1.jpg" width="200" height="140" /></td> <td valign="top"><h4 class="style1">Great Wall of China</h4> <p align="justify">One of the most famous structures of the world and unique human structure that can be seen from the space.</p> <p align="right"><br /> <a href="Great_wall.html">View Details </a></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td valign="top"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td valign="top"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="images/colosseumth.jpg" width="200" height="130" /></td> <td valign="top"><h4 class="style1">Roman Colosseum</h4> <p align="justify">An elliptical amphitheatre, the Coliseum is one of the greatest works of Roman architecture and Roman engineering. </p> <p align="right">View Details </p></td> <td> </td> <td><img src="images/petra.jpg" width="200" height="130" /></td> <td valign="top"><h4 class="style1">Petra</h4> <p align="justify">Petra, the giant red mountains are appreciated for being one of the greatest wonders worked by the Nature and the Man.</p> <p align="right">View Details </p></td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td valign="top"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td valign="top"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="images/th-machupicchus.jpg" width="200" height="130" /></td> <td valign="top"><h4 class="style2">Machu Picchu</h4> <p align="justify">One of the new seven wonders, the most beautiful Inca city and the main archeological site of America.</p> <p align="right">View Details </p></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td valign="top"> </td> </tr> </table></td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> </tr> </table> </body> </html> TAJ MAHAL, INDIA Browser View of the taj_mahal.html file Source Code of the taj_mahal.html file <html> <head> <title>New 7 Wonders</title> </head> <body> <table width="850" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <tr> <td colspan="2"><img src="images/logo.png" width="334" height="72" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><img src="images/thenew7wonders.jpg" width="850" height="221" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="24" colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#0066FF"><span class="style5"><a href="index.html">Home</a> | Taj Mahal | C the Redeemer | Petra | Great Wall | Machu Picchu | Chichen Itza | Roman Colosseum </span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><h1> <span class="style3">i</span>TAJ MAHAL, INDIA </h1> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="401" align="center"><img src="images/Taj-Mahal1.jpg" width="387" height="236" /></td> <td width="449" valign="top"><p align="justify">The Taj Mahal is standing majestically on the right bank of River Yamuna at a point where it takes a sharp turn and flows eastwards; the Taj Mahal is synonymous of love and romance. The Taj Mahal complex is organized in a rectangle, measuring approximately 310 x 550 meters. It comprises a number of buildings and structures, all functioning together as the funerary monument for Mumtaz Mahal. </p> <p align="justify">This immense mausoleum was built on the orders of Shah Jahan, the fifth Muslim Mogul emperor, to honor the memory of his beloved late wife. Built out of white marble and standing in formally laid-out walled gardens, the Taj Mahal is regarded as the most perfect jewel of Muslim art in India. The emperor was consequently jailed and, it is said, could then only see the Taj Mahal out of his small cell window.</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="30" colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="#0099FF">Copyright@Seven Wonders Designed By Anshuman Dutta </td> </tr> </table> </body> </html> Source Code of the Christ the Redeemer.html file <html> <head> <title>New 7 Wonders</title> </head> <body> <table width="850" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <tr> <td colspan="2"><img src="images/logo.png" width="334" height="72" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><img src="images/thenew7wonders.jpg" width="850" height="221" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="24" colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#0066FF"><span class="style5"><a href="index.html">Home</a> | Taj Mahal | C the Redeemer | Petra | Great Wall | Machu Picchu | Chichen Itza | Roman Colosseum </span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><h1> <span class="style3">i</span>CHRIST THE REDEEMER, BRAZIL </h1> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="369" align="center"><img src="images/christ_461.jpg" width="345" height="203" /></td> <td width="481" valign="top"><p><strong><em>Cristo Redentor</em></strong> (English: lit. <em>Christ the Redeemer</em>, Portuguese: <em>Cristo Redentor, standard) is a statue of Jesus of Nazareth in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; considered the largest Art Deco statue in the world and the 5th largest statue of Jesus in the world. It is 30.1 metres (99 ft) tall, not including its 9.5 metres (31 ft) pedestal, and 30 metres (98 ft) wide. It weighs 635 tonnes (625 long,700 short tons), and is located at the peak of the 700-metre (2,300 ft) Corcovado mountain in the Tijuca Forest National Park overlooking the city. A symbol of Brazilian Christianity, the statue has become an icon for Rio de Janeiro and Brazil. It is made of reinforced concrete and soapstone, and was constructed between 1922 and 1931. </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="30" colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="#0099FF">Copyright@Seven Wonders Designed By Anshuman Dutta </td> </tr> </table> </body> </html> Browser View of the Christ the Redeemer.html file Source Code of the Great_wall.htm file <html> <head> <title>New 7 Wonders</title> </head> <body> <table width="797" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <tr> <td colspan="3"><img src="images/logo.png" width="334" height="72" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><img src="images/thenew7wonders.jpg" width="850" height="221" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="24" colspan="3" align="center" bgcolor="#0066FF"><span class="style5"><a href="index.html">Home</a> | Taj Mahal | C the Redeemer | Petra | Great Wall | Machu Picchu | Chichen Itza | Roman Colosseum </span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><h1> <span class="style3">i</span>GREAT WALL OF CHINA </h1> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="448" align="center" valign="top"><img src="images/GreatWall.jpg" width="448" height="252" /></td> <td width="9" valign="top"> </td> <td width="393" valign="top"><p>The <strong>Great Wall of China</strong> is a series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials, generally built along an east-to-west line across the historical northern borders of China in part to protect the Chinese Empire or its prototypical states against intrusions by various nomadic groups or military incursions by various warlike peoples or forces. Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century BC; these, later joined together and made bigger, stronger, and unified are now collectively referred to as the Great Wall. Especially famous is the wall built between 220–206 BC by the first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang. Little of that wall remains. Since then, the Great Wall has on and off been rebuilt, maintained, and enhanced; the majority of the existing wall was reconstructed during the Ming Dynasty. </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="87" colspan="3" align="center" valign="middle"><div align="justify">Other purposes of the Great Wall have included border controls, allowing the imposition of duties on goods transported along the Silk Road, regulation or encouragement of trade and the control of immigration and emigration.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="30" colspan="3" align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="#0099FF">Copyright@Seven Wonders Designed By Anshuman Dutta </td> </tr> </table> </body> </html> Browser View of the Great_wall.html file Source Code of the Chichen Itza.html file <html> <head> <title>New 7 Wonders</title> </head> <body> <table width="850" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <tr> <td><img src="images/logo.png" width="334" height="72" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="images/thenew7wonders.jpg" width="850" height="221" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="24" align="center" bgcolor="#0066FF"><span class="style5"><a href="index.html">Home</a> | Taj Mahal | C the Redeemer | Petra | Great Wall | Machu Picchu | Chichen Itza | Roman Colosseum </span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><h1> <span class="style3">i</span>CHICHEN ITZA, MEXICO </h1> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><p align="justify"><img src="images/chichenitza.jpg" width="400" height="300" align="left" />Chichen Itza was a major focal point in the northern Maya lowlands from the Late Classic (c.600–900 AD) through the Terminal Classic (c.800–900) and into the early portion of the Early Postclassic period (c.900–1200). The site exhibits a multitude of architectural styles, reminiscent of styles seen in central Mexico and of the Puuc and Chenes styles of the northern Maya lowlands. The presence of central Mexican styles was once thought to have been representative of direct migration or even conquest from central Mexico, but most contemporary interpretations view the presence of these non-Maya styles more as the result of cultural diffusion.<br /> Chichen Itza was one of the largest Maya cities and it was likely to have been one of the mythical great cities, or <em>Tollans</em>, referred to in later Mesoamerican literature. The city may have had the most diverse population in the Maya world, a factor that could have contributed to the variety of architectural styles at the site. <br /> The ruins of Chichen Itza are federal property, and the site’s stewardship is maintained by Mexico’s <em>Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia</em> (National Institute of Anthropology and History). The land under the monuments had been privately-owned until 29 March 2010, when it was purchased by the state of Yucatán. <br /> Chichen Itza is one of the most visited archaeological sites in Mexico; an estimated 1.2 million tourists visit the ruins every year.</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="30" align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="#0099FF">Copyright@Seven Wonders Designed By Anshuman Dutta </td> </tr> </table> </body> </html> Browser View of the Chichen Itza.html file Utility of the created website This website helps to find information about new Seven Wonders of the World. One can browse this website to find images and detailed information about all the wonders of the modern era. Introduction to C Language C is one of the most popular computer languages of today. C was a part of the ‘Basic Combined Programming Language’ (BPCL) called B, developed in the 1960’s at Cambridge University. Since, C was developed along with the UNIX operating system; it is strongly associated with UNIX. This operating system, which was developed at Bell Laboratories, was coded almost entirely in C. Today, C is running under a number of operating systems including MS-DOS. C is a robust language whose rich set of build in functions and operators can be used to write any complex program. The C complier combines the capabilities of an assembly language with the features of a high-level language and therefore it is well suited for writings both system software and business packages. Programs written in C are efficient and fast. This is due to its variety of data types and powerful operators. It is many times faster than BASIC. There are only 32 keywords and its strength lies in its build in functions. Several standard functions are available which can be used for developing programs. C is highly portable. This means that C programs written for one computer can be run on another with little or no modification. C language is well suited for structured programming, thus requiring the user to think of a problem in terms of function modules or block. C can extend its ability. A C program is basically a collection of functions that are supported by the C library. We can continuous add our own functions that are supported by the C library. With the availability of a large number of functions, the programming task becomes simple. Flow Chart (Algorithm to perform bubble sort) Source Code of the Program: “Bubble Sort using C Program” #include <stdio.h> int main() { int array[100], n, c, d, swap; printf("Enter number of elements\n"); scanf("%d", &n); printf("Enter %d integers\n", n); for (c = 0; c < n; c++) scanf("%d", &array[c]); for (c = 0 ; c < ( n - 1 ); c++) { for (d = 0 ; d < n - c - 1; d++) { if (array[d] > array[d+1]) /* For decreasing order use < */ { swap = array[d]; array[d] = array[d+1]; array[d+1] = swap; } } } printf("Sorted list in ascending order:\n"); for ( c = 0 ; c < n ; c++ ) printf("%d\n", array[c]); return 0; } Output of the program Enter number of elements 10 Enter 10 Integers 10 5 8 12 4 9 3 7 11 2 Sorted list in ascending order: 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 Utility of the Program This program is useful to sort an array of elements. User can choose the quantity of numbers to enter and then enter numbers one by one of his/her choice in random order. The program will accept the numbers and print them in ascending order. General Conclusion After a long wait here I am giving the finishing touch to my Project. During solving the topics like MS Access, HTML and Turbo ‘C’, I faced a lot of unwanted errors as well as programming errors. But owing to watchful eyes of Mr Rajesh Singh, our Computer Teacher, I can still manage to escape from erroneous situation. Once again I wish to thank all of my well wishers and admires who honestly blessed me and also to the teacher of our school for their friendly behavior towards me. I am also thankful to the book that have given me a lot of inspirations and provided me with the wonderful ideas. Finally, I offer my heartiest thanks to our Computer Teacher, Mr Rajesh Singh for her guidance for completing this Project, without whom this Project would have being incomplete. Bibliography While making this project, I get lot of tips from the below mentioned books and without which this Project cannot be fulfilled as it is: • • • • Learning MS Office 2007 Let us C Learn HTML in 24 hours. Internet