Science Investigatory Project about³Bilimbi flower as ink´ Prepared by: Rosselu Dominique Pasaol Mariella Yzabelle Aliling Christine Sarah Llanza Katarina Santos Patricia Mae Lacson August 26. 2011 Science Investigatory Project about ³Styrofoam as an effective glue´ Prepared by: Rosselu Dominique Pasaol Mariella Yzabelle Aliling Christine Sarah Llanza Katarina Santos Patricia Mae Lacson . Kamias fruit is rich in vitamin C. refrigerant. It can apply on pimples. But every ball pen user has one problem. Filipinos generally call it kamias but there are about a dozen other native names. they will not buy another ball pen but instead they ll just pick a kamias flower and use its extract as ink. itches and painful joints if the leaves are prepared as paste. And we thought of Kamias flower for it has an element in order to make an ink. Statement of the problem Can Kamias flower be consistent basis of ball pen ink? Is the ink produced by the kamias flower will be much better than the original inks of the pen? III. Kamias flower can be consistent basis of ball pen ink. and antiscorbutic. II. The ink of kamias flower will be much better than the original inks of pen. stomachic.August 26. Hypothesis 1. That s why we think of an alternative to the ink. refreshing drink for fever and to stimulate the stomach. 2. important information. It s now efficient. infusion taken in for cough. While the flower. While the leaves is decoction used as bath after childbirth. it is a small tree growing to 12 meters high. Also known as Averrhoa bilimbi. mumps. etc. Background of the study This study is about kamias flower as ink of ball pen. The pens they always use sometimes run out of ink. . The kamias has its own properties which is astringent. Significance of the study We need ball pens to jot down notes. 2011 Introduction I. The fruit is used as flavoring. the ink. easy and light on the pocket for the ballpen users especially when they run out of ink for the ballpen. IV. they can still review at their home. Even though they don t have book to use. By that. If we are able to prove that. It will help the poor also by doing our project. we think about the kamias flower as an alternative ink.In view of the fact that kamias is bare in our country. Scope and Limitation We are trying to conduct a new project if kamias flower can be a source of inks of pen. The good thing about it. students can help their parents to save money. They just need to provide a notebook and they don t have to worry about pen which they can do by picking up a flower of kamias. motherly nature ink and easy to make because kamias tree is not that hard to find and the materials used can be found in our homes. V. is that it s cheaper. then all students can make their own pen. . . it grows and fruits quite well on sand or limestone (Morton. Wester reported that a form with sweet fruits had been discovered in the Philippines. is closely allied to the carambola but quite different in appearance. but well-drained soil. Ideally. The bilimbi is not found in the wettest zones of Malaya. but P. moist. L. 1987). It should be in full sun. manner of fruiting.J. more sensitive to cold than the carambola. especially when very young. The tree makes slow growth in shady or semi-shady situations. While the bilimbi does best in rich. rainfall should be rather evenly distributed throughout most of the year but there should be a 2. "Bilimbi" is the common name in India and has become widely used. flavor and uses.CHAPTER 2 Review of Related Literature KAMIAS TREE The bilimbi. Averrhoa bilimbi. bestowed by the British in colonial times.to 3-month dry season. Bilimbis are all much the same wherever they are grown. The only strictly English names are "cucumber tree" and "tree sorrel". it needs protection from cold and wind. (Oxalidaceae). The bilimbi is a tropical species. In Florida.. The flowers are sometimes preserved with sugar. A sirup prepared from the fruit is taken as a cure for fever and inflammation and to stop rectal bleeding and alleviate internal hemorrhoids. Warm paste of leaves also used for pruritus. and also tarnishes from brass. and it is much preserved. cough. The Infusion of leaves also drank as a protective tonic after childbirth. especially with pruritus. the fruits combined with pepper are eaten to cause sweating when people are feeling "under the weather". Fruit used to remove stains from clothing and for washing hands. and localized rheumatic complaints. The bilimbi is generally regarded as too acid for eating raw. because of its oxalic acid content.Some of the folkloric uses of kamias are in skin diseases. Mainly.edu/newcrop/morton/bilimbi. Very acid bilimbis are employed to clean the blade of a kris (dagger). acne. The fruit conserve is administered as a treatment for coughs. is useful for bleaching stains from the hands and rusts from white cloth. Fruit can be a cooling drink and it can be also used for a variety of maladies: beriberi. prevention of scurvy. and they serve as mordant in the preparation of an orange dye for silk fabrics.hort. Paste of leaves applied to affected areas. reduce the leaves to a paste and apply tolerably warm to areas of affected skin. beri-beri and biliousness. It is used as a postpartum and rectal inflammation while in infusion of leaves it is used in mumps. In Java. Bilimbi juice. A paste of pickled bilimbis is smeared all over the body to hasten recovery after a fever. In Fever. Very acid bilimbis are employed to clean the blade of a kris (dagger). the bilimbi is used in place of mango to make chutney. (http://www.purdue. and they serve as mordant in the preparation of an orange dye for silk fabrics.html) . Modern ink formulations are rather more complex. Most pens and nibs will work successfully with non-waterproof ink.rsc. When you are faced with them all in an art shop or pictures at an online shop. but dip pens. but the type of ink can make the difference between. were suspensions of carbon. biocides to inhibit the fungal and bacterial growth that lead to fouling. defoamer/antifoaming agents to regulate foam efficiency. these additional ingredients include pH modifiers. in water stabilised with a natural gum or materials like egg albumen. they contain many other ingredients in varying levels. choosing the right one can be very daunting. calligraphy and some finished drawing work that will be protected by glass. how you clean your pen and if the surface of your work is to be wetted. developed before 2500BC. it's easy to clean the pen and mostly used for letter writing.co. cleaning is not always as simple as washing the nib under the tap. 'Drawing Ink A.jacquiblackman. brush and Ruling pens are ideal.uk/ink_use. Collectively known as 'vehicle'. The ink is waterproof when dry therefore perfect for 'pen and wash' or where the surface is to we wetted. Components of an Ink Black writing inks.htm http://www.asp . and thickeners or rheology modifiers to control ink application. References: http://www. Most inks will work in either situation. polymeric resins to impart binding and allied properties. Indian ink and Permanent Pigmented Ink' would fall into this category. a happy result and one that ends up in the bin! Whether an ink is waterproof or not makes a difference to the type of pen you can use. Waterproof ink on the other hand it not recommended for fountain pens and most technical pens. wetting agents such as surfactants to control surface properties. usually lampblack. Pelikan 4001 and Classical Transparent ink would fall into this category.org/chemistryworld/Issues/2003/March/inkchemistry. In addition to the pigment. quill. especially for those taking their first steps into pen work or calligraphy. humectants to retard premature drying.Properties of an Ink Ink comes to us in various types. with different qualities from numerous manufacturers. as ink allowed to dry on the nib can be quite difficult to remove. it is still the most used material. they "rediscovered" a method first discovered by Swedish inventor Carl Georg Munters. It can also be covered with moss. glass rocks. In 1941. painted and covered with fabric or paper. Led by Ray McIntire. as it is thermal resistant and a good insulator. seashells or beads and will make a beautiful candle or flower holder for your home. y There is a significant effect of using this kind of glue. Statement of the Problem . It insulates from moisture. One of the main uses is decoration. Styrofoam is widely used in construction to insulate the interior of the building from outside conditions. In the packaging industry. Background of the Study Many people find uses for Styrofoam inside the house.Specific Objectives y Can Styrofoam be made into a glue? y Is there a significant effect of using this kind of glue? C. B." To custom shape Styrofoam.Introduction: Styrofoam is a trademark of The Dow Chemical Company for closed-cell extruded polystyrene foam currently made for thermal insulation and craft applications. It can be custom shaped to fit any type of good or can be used as "peanuts. Packaging peanuts are the small foam pieces that are shaped to interlock and prevent damage to fragile products during transportation. temperature and noise. block and ball shapes of different sizes and densities. cone and block shapes are commonly found and can be cut. researchers in Dow's Chemical Physics Lab found a way to make foamed polystyrene. glued. It is used in the interior also for ceilings and pipe insulation. trays. coolers and take home containers.General Objectives y To produce glue out of styrofoams. In food industry you can find Styrofoam in many shapes such as cups. A. . Insulation Styrofoam can be found in sheet. Hypothesis y Styrofoam can be made into a glue. . Dow acquired exclusive rights to use Munters' patents and found ways to make large quantities of extruded polystyrene as a closed cell foam that resists moisture. EPS is common and offers good protection for shipped products. Styrofoam in ball. Though companies are trying to find solutions to replace EPS in the food industry. companies use special machines or wires to cut out the desired shape. insulation in many forms. temp control attic insulation. . coolers). They can help lessen the pollution by recycling the Styrofoam. used under casting for broken bones prior to cast being used. students can save or help their parents save money. the researchers can learn that styrofoams are not only used as a floating device but are also used as buoyancy. then all students can make a cheaper and more affordable glue. fishing bobbers. Significance of the Study With this study. Scope and Limitation We are trying to produce a new product if styrofoam can be a source of glue. (cups. packing for moving. E. By that.D. If we are able to prove that. In fact. . Properties Styrofoam insulates well. the (Ph) represented in the chemical equation also has a C6H5 ring with it. which consists of a hydrocarbon chain attached with a phenol group to each of its carbon groups. we probably use items that are put together with glue several times each day. retains its shape when wet and is relatively inexpensive to purchase. Styrofoam is chemically represented as (CH2-CH(Ph).CHAPTER 2 Review of Related Literature STYROFOAM I. Glue is used in the manufacturing process for items ranging from picture frames to fighter jets. can be easily cut or torn to precise sizes and shapes. Styrofoam consists of approximately 98 percent air. Styrofoam is not biodegradable and not easily recyclable. Glue works because of the chemical bond is able to connect with numerous materials. is buoyant and lightweight. Glue is a part of our everyday lives. In addition. crevices and cracks of the materials it is applied between. contain a non-kosher component that could make one s hot drink treif. During the manufacture of Styrofoam cups. when he was working for Kodak Research Laboratories. II. Harry Coover in 1942. filling agents. A component of zinc stearate is stearic acid. curing accelerators and diluent. it seeps and pools in the pores. These additives usually include extenders. The first consideration is that zinc stearate is tasteless. It is accurate that most likely. The second is cohesion. Molecular Weight 500 Aluminum powder Amorphous silica Sodium carbonate Na2 CO3. It was discovered by Dr. Glue is applied in the liquid form.All adhesives have two properties. There are two basic components to which various modifying ingredients are added to enhance elasticity and improve there physical and mechanical properties. But later he realized that cyanoacrylate was a useful and in 1958 it was marketed and packaged as superglue. which could render it permissible despite being present in a mixture. The first is adhesion. Industrial purpose synthetic glues are called epoxy adhesives. Here is a sample list of the ingredients used while manufacturing synthetic glue: y y y y y y Low Molecular Weight Epoxy Resin (Modified). a nonkosher material is used during the processing of the cups. there are several considerations that should address this concern. towards development of an optically clear plastic for gunsights. Actually Coover first rejected cyanoacrylate because of its high sticky character. This is inaccurate and is based on partially true assumptions. Glue needs to have both adhesion and cohesion to make a strong bond between two materials. However.10H2O Sodium chromate Na2CrO4. COMPONENTS Styrofoam. When the glue dries in these crevices on either side of the materials it acts as an anchor and holds the two together.4H2O Polyaminoamide (amine number 180-250) . Cyanoacrylate is the main ingredient of synthetic glue also known as superglue. which may be tallow based from a treif animal. The Shach has a well known position that a non-kosher substance that is tasteless remains prohibited in a mixture. which is its ability to stick to itself. unless its presence meets bitul proportions and becomes nullified. polystyrene beads are mixed with zinc stearate and filled into molds. The zinc stearate is used as a release agent that enables the cup to detach from the mold after the beads have been melted and fused together. which is the adhesive's ability to stick to the surfaces it is put on. Because of this. ehow.html#ixzz1W3QbdbVM Properties of Styrofoam | eHow.References http://www.html http://wiki.com/about_6571457_gluestick_.answers.org/wiki/Styrofoam http://wiki.com http://www.com/Q/What_are_the_uses_of_styrofoam#ixzz1W32Mauio http://en.com/list_6145898_properties-styrofoam.answers.com http://www.html#ixzz1W3R2WSN3 .com/Q/What_are_the_properties_of_styrofoam#ixzz1W3Pkh0 4O What Makes Glue Stick? | eHow.com/about_5393431_uses-styrofoam.ehow.wikipedia.ehow.