1. Time-lapse Photography Applications Prepared by: Saransh Shah Nirav Patel Mahendra Sutar Dipesh Sorathia 2. Introduction Invented around 1932 Walt Disney was first to use it Extreme version of cinematography technique of undercrancking. Considered as stop motion animation. Involves modifying of standard movie camera Use is limited to the imagination of individuals using this tool Possible to easily and economically capture & retain permanently part of the construction project 3. What is Time Lapse Photography? Time lapse is where a camera takes a sequence of images of a subject with an interval of time between each image. A cinematography technique where each film frame is captured at much slower rate than it will be played back. The interval varies from a second to a day or more It is opposite of high speed photography. Follow up each activity & identify exact time spent on each activity 4. Equipments needed Digital camera with a time lapse feature Sufficient image storage capacity Tripod with lockable swivel head Mains power adapter (allows unlimited time and greater reliability) Batteries are usually not suitable except for short duration sequences A remote release (infrared or cable) is handy to avoid bumping the camera. 5. Available models Nikon Coolpix 8400Ricoh GX100, Ricoh GX200,Ricoh R6, R7 or R8 ,Ricoh GX100, Ricoh G600, Ricoh i500, Ricoh RDC-5000, Ricoh RR1 Kodak DC265,DC290, P880Pentax W60, Pentax Optio 43WR,Minolta DiMAGE 5, Minolta DiMAGE 7 Olympus E-10, Olympus E-20 Panasonic ipalm,Toshiba PDR-M60 Canon 400D, canonSD750, canon SD1100 PowerShot SD850 IS canon 6. 7. Average cost of camera - $ 150 -$ 1200 7 – 14 MP Resolution – 1280 * 1024 Flexible time lapse mode – 1sec to 3 min 45x digital zoom camera is easily available in the market Can adjust timing of number of frames per second 8. Implementation & Expenses Used at anytime anywhere Project estimating & job preplanning are good to start. Operation is expensive includes hidden cost Hidden cost includes payment to craftsmen for reviewing the film Addition to camera & projector variable costs includes film, processing & operator to run it Reviewing of film after work is not recommended Shooting film at one job & using as an aid on other jobs helps to improve efficiency 9. Working of Time Lapse Photography Film is often projected at 24 frames/s Since the projection speed and recording speed are same the images appear to be moving normally If camera is set to record at lower speed image on screen appear to move faster Change in speed of onscreen image is calculated as projection frame rate Perceived speed =-------------------xactual speed camera frame rate So a film recorded at 12 frames/s will appear to move twice as fast Camera speed between 8 and 22 frames falls into undercranked fast motion category 10. (cont.) Greater accuracy in time increments and consistency in exposure can be achieved through intervalometer which regulates the motion of the camera according to a specific interval of time between frames. Some intervalometers can also be connected to motion control systems that move the camera on any number of axes as the time-lapse photography is achieved, creating tilts, pans, tracks, and trucking shots as the speeded up motion is viewed 11. How to take Time Lapse films? Set up of camera varies with situation in which you are and what you want to film Overview Set camera at an angle from where the widest field view is captured Entire operation can be captured instead of one job Helps to capture material delivery, equipments use and whole flow of work One frame @ every 8 secondsBest to study direct time loss items Close up One frame @ every 2-4 seconds Faster filming speed is required Shows detail of each activity, tools and materials used, crew-over, coordination between people and operations 12. Most of motion is out of camera so increase camera angle Unseen motion has an impact on cost of operation C:SJSUvideo_Clip1.3g2 13. Review & Analysis Two basic ways:Brainstorming sessionsFormal approach 14. Brainstorming Simplest and fastest review technique Not always effective Involves group of people to watch the film Leads to open end discussions Playing the film faster for first time to get overview Slowing down for second time to notice the key points 15. Formal – Detailed analysis Time consuming but helps to get most of information Follow each individual Calculate no. of frames of his involvement in activity Multiply the number of frames of each activity with film speed listed Summarize in time-scale fashion or % total fashion Highlights coordination and crew imbalance 16. Merits Shows tangible items like man doing various activities, equipment moving, material staking, loading & unloading etc. Films entire operations, crews & equipment spreads Analyze interaction between two individuals Film can be played forward, backward, slow or fast Replay capability allows viewer to backup the film Identifies contributing time for each activities Enables worker & supervisors to be involved in problem solving process Eliminates repetition of mistakes 17. Demerits Cannot record personalities and communication Field view which camera covers is restricted in both time and space It is used for highly repetitious & large budget operations 18. Summary Give us benefits of time and motion studies Enable workers and supervisors of all level involved in problem solving process Incorporating knowledge and experience in future jobs Converts wasted work to contribute to more productive 19. Thank you