Sustainable Water Resource Management - The Singapore Experience

Singapore’s Experience in Sustainable Water Resource Management Ramahad Singh Deputy Director Water Supply Network, PUB 1 Singapore Land Area 704 km2 5 mil 2,500 mm 1.6 mil m3/day 2 COUNTRY INFORMATION Population Average Annual Rainfall Average Water Demand OVERVIEW “To deliver and sustain a clean and healthy environment and water resources for all in Singapore.” “To ensure a sustainable quality environment in Singapore”  Clean Land  Clean Air  Public Health “To ensure an efficient, adequate & sustainable supply of water”  Clean Water Used Water Drainage A Statutory Board constituted under the Public Utilities Act 2001 to provide integrated water supply, sewerage and drainage services 3 4 What we were like in the Sixties 40 years ago… Singapore River Singapore River 5 1960’s Water resources were scarce… Last water rationing in 1963 water rationing 6 1960’s Public Health Concerns • Proper sanitary facilities were lacking… Squatters • Public Health Conditions were poor… Street hawkers Outdoor Latrines Night soil buckets 7 1960’s Our rivers were polluted… Kallang River Kallang River Singapore River 8 1970’s “It should be a way of life to keep the water clean, to keep every stream, every culvert, every rivulet, free from unnecessary pollution. The Ministry of the Environment should make a target: in ten years let us have fishing in the Singapore River and fishing in the Kallang River. It can be done.” Mr Lee Kuan Yew Then Prime Minister Opening of Upper Peirce Reservoir 22 February 1977 9 1970’s Relocation of businesses & industries New Industrial Estate Dyke in Construction Dredging & improvement works… Relocation from Street to Hawker Centres Resettlement of squatters into proper public housing… New Housing Towns Laying of new sewers… 10 1980’s Optimisation of land resources via Integrated Land Use Planning 11 80’s and 90’s Clean Rivers Singapore River Singapore River Singapore River 12 Pristine reservoirs… Before 1960’s: Reservoirs in Protected Catchments 1970’s: Estuarine Reservoirs 1980’s: Reservoirs in Urbanised Catchments 13 High Quality Drinking Water Above International Standards Drinkable Straight from the Tap… 14 Robust System Providing High Quality Drinking Water Efficient T&D Network Chestnut Ave Waterworks World’s largest potable water facility using membranes Service reservoir to ensure reliability Typical Service Reservoir 15 PUB MANAGES THE COMPLETE WATER CYCLE From sourcing, collection, purification and supply of drinking water, to treatment of used water and turning it into NEWater, drainage of storm water Rain ble Pota ect ndir Use I Sea Direct NonPotable Use 16 INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 4 National Taps 3P Approach Local catchment Imported water NEWater Desalinated water Ensure diversified sources of water supply for Singapore with the Four National Taps “Conserve Water” “Value Our Water” “Enjoy Our Waters Adopt a 3P Approach to engage the 3P partners to use water wisely, keep the water catchments clean, and build a relationship with water “Water for All” “Conserve, Value, 17 Enjoy” Integrating the Water Loop : Water for All 18 First National Tap LOCAL CATCHMENTS WATERS MacRitchie Reservoir Protected Unprotected Catchment Catchment Pungg ol Urban Stormwate r Collection System Legend Unprotected Water Catchment Protected Water Catchment Proposed Water Catchment Kranji Reservoir Bedok Stormwater Pond o Half of Singapore is already water catchment o Catchment area will be increased from half to two-thirds by 2011 19 First National Tap LOCAL CATCHMENTS: MARINA BARRAGE Creating a reservoir in the city • Urban catchment comprising a seventh of Singapore • Located at the edge of the Central Business District • 3-in-1 function: water storage, flood control, lifestyle attraction • Officially opened by the Prime Minister on 31st Oct 08 20 First National Tap 1st Function: Water Supply • • 15th reservoir in Singapore Largest & most urbanised catchment at 10,000 hectares or one-sixth size of Singapore Marina Singapore Flyer Barrage Integrated Resort Esplanade 21 First National Tap 2nd Function: Flood Control Keeps out seawater, acting as a tidal barrier to prevent flooding in the low-lying areas in the city. City Marina Barrage Crest Gate High Tide City High Tide Freshwater Reservoir Crest gate Low Tide City Pumps City High Tide 22 First National Tap 3rd Function: Lifestyle Attraction Marina Barrage 23 Expanding the First National Tap PUNGGOL – SERANGOON RESERVOIR SCHEME Serangoon Reservoir Punggol Reservoir The 16th and 17th reservoirs of Singapore Marina Country Club Pulau Punggol Timor Gatehouse area Pulau Serangoon Cofferdam Site Office Proposed Punggol Reservoir Proposed Serangoon Reservoir 24 Second National Tap IMPORTED WATER FROM JOHOR • Two water agreements with Johor, Malaysia o 1961 to 2011 o 1962 to 2061 State of Johor, Malaysia PUB pipelines carrying water from Johor 25 Third National Tap NEWater Seletar Kranji Kranji Expansion 9 mgd  17 mgd Changi 5th NEWater Plant Bedok Legend NEWater pipeline NEWater Plant Service Reservoir NEWater capacity Ulu Pandan Bedok Expansion 7 mgd  18 mgd 26 to meet 30% of Singapore’s water needs by 2011 Third National Tap Changi NEWater Plant 27 Third National Tap COLLECTION OF USED WATER Kranji WRP Seletar WRP Kim Chuan WRP Ulu Pandan WRP Jurong WRP Bedok WRP Changi WRP Water Reclamation Plants Used water pumping station 28 Third National Tap DEEP TUNNEL SEWERAGE SYSTEM (DTSS) Ensures long term sustainability of Singapore’s water resources (i.e. NEWater & Catchment Water) DEEP TUNNEL DTSS ($3.6 billion; 2000 to 2008) Completed in Feb 2005 Progressive phasing out of used water infrastructure with DTSS • 3 WRPs and 45 pump stations will be phased out, freeing 161 ha of land Completed in 2008 29 Third National Tap DTSS Deep Tunnel Sewerage System (DTSS) was fully completed in 2008 with the commissioning of Changi Water Reclamation Plant (CWRP) DTSS Tunnel DTSS Pumps Basement Pipe Gallery Sludge Dewatering Digesters Sludge Scrapers 30 Fourth National Tap DESALINATED WATER  To augment and diversify our water resources  SingSpring Pte. Ltd., under a 20 year DBOO arrangement with PUB  One of the largest seawater RO plants  Supply of 30 mgd for 20 years  Opened on 13 Sep 05 31 INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 4 National Taps 3P Approach Local catchment Imported water NEWater Desalinated water “Conserve Water” “Value Our Water” “Enjoy Our Waters” “Water for All” “Conserve, Value, 32 Enjoy” SUSTAINABLE WATER MANAGEMENT “Water for 4 National All” Taps “Conserve, 3P Approach Value, Enjoy” Supply Demand 33 Conserving our Waters WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT UFW Control via Integrated Network Management Good Quality Network & Efficient Management Water Conservation Accurate Metering Pricing Reflect the strategic importance and scarcity value of water Customer Relationshi p Manageme nt Good Customer Service – Reliabilit y & Quality Leakage Control Water Conservation Strategy Voluntary 3P approach Promote ownership of water conservation Mandatory Cut down on excessive flow and wastage of water Strict Legislation 34 UFW Control INTEGRATED NETWORK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM • Sustainable Work Processes Involving All • Effective Management, Staffing & Training PRV PRV Yishun Ave 5 Yishun Ave 2 N Av e un sh Yi Yishun 2 Planning & Design - Proper positioning of valves - Optimise network design - Use good quality pipes - Good worksmanship Mainlaying Network Management - Maintenance of network - Replace old/leaking mains - Proper records - AIMS Network Optimisation - Optimise system pressure - Reduce likelihood of leaks Enforcement - High penalty - Very few cases Control Proper Accounting through Metering Leakage leak detection - Dynamic - Use good quality and accurate meters - Size meters according to usage - 24/7 contact centre Yis hu n PRV Centr al Park 35 UFW Control GOOD QUALITY NETWORK & EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT New Network • Good planning & design – sizing of pipes, location of valves, alternate supplies, etc •Strict supervision & control on workmanship • Use Good quality / corrosion resistant material – Connections – Mains (100 – 300 mm) : Copper : cement-lined DI : cement-lined steel Existing 700 mm) – ( ≥ Network • Servicing and maintenance of valves / hydrants • Mains Renewal Programme - Unlined CI mains and GI connections (in 80s / 90s) - Old problematic CI Mains (2000 – 2004) - Asbestos Cement Mains (2003 – 2008) • Ongoing pipe replacement programme 36 UFW Control PRV N PRV Yishun Ave 5 Yishun Ave 2 hu is Y n PRESSURE OPTIMISATION Use of Automated Information & Mapping System -Modelling -PRVs Centr al Yishun Park 2 Yis hu n Av e PRV INNOVATIONS Common Service Tunnel 37 UFW Control ACTIVE LEAKAGE CONTROL Dynamic Leak Detection Programme – Divide Singapore into ~ 300 zones – Frequency of checks based on age/material type of mains & leak history – Use of advanced leak detection equipt including leak localisers – Cover 10 – 20 km length of pipes / day Dry weather flow by other PUB in charge of drains and waterways 38 UFW Control ACCURATE METERING 100 % metering for usage and billing Type of meters in use • • • Electromagnetic meters at waterworks Electromagnetic Class C volumetric meters at Domestic Meter meter (Check every households month) Compound meters to capture both low and high flows in non-domestic premises 15 mm meter (Replace every 15 yrs or > 4,000 m3) Compound Meter Compound meter (Replace every 2-7 yrs) 39 UFW Control METER MANAGEMENT Meter workshop carrying out meters maintenance with testing facilities – in service testing, batch testing of new meters, prequalification tests, customers complaints, etc. Computerised billing system incorporating checks to auto trigger Investigation & Reports for follow ups. 40 UFW Control STRICT LEGISLATION – DETER ILLEGAL DRAW-OFFS • Very Few Cases • Strict Enforcement • Public Utilities Act • Prosecution in court - Max Penalties: $50,000 fine or; 3 years jail term or; both fine & jail term 41 UFW Control CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS MANAGEMENT Quick Response to Public Reports • 24 x 7 Contact / Operations Centre: PUB One WSOC PUB-One • One-stop contact centre for Board’s services • Customers can contact us thru: Telephone, Email, Fax, SMS, VoIP, WebChat WSOC (Water Service & Operations Centre) • Quick response service van crews 42 UFW Control TOTAL NUMBER OF LEAKS 30 25 Leak from a Damaged (Accident) Transmission Mains (700mm) 20 15 10 s i M f o m 0 1 r P g k e L l a u n A 6.9 5 0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 43 UFW Control LOW UNACCOUNTED-FOR WATER (UFW) (ABOUT 5%) 12.0 10.6 10.0 9.5 % OF TOTAL OUTPUT 7.7 8.0 6.7 6.4 6.0 6.2 5.9 4.9 4.7 5.1 5.2 5.3 4.8 5.0 5.2 4.7 4.5 6.0 4.4 4.4 4.0 2.0 0.0 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 YEAR 44 Conserving our Waters WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT UFW Control via Integrated Network Management Good Quality Network & Efficient Management Water Conservation Accurate Metering Pricing Reflect the strategic importance and scarcity value of water Customer Relationshi p Manageme nt Good Customer Service – Reliabilit y & Quality Leakage Control Water Conservation Strategy Voluntary 3P approach Promote ownership of water conservation Mandatory Strict Legislation Cut down on excessive flow and wastage of water 45 Water Conservation PRICING • Volume-based billing • Regulated by Ministry (Environment & Water Resources) • Effective in reducing per capita consumption from 176 litres/day in 1994 to 156 litres/day in 2008 Potable Water Tariff Category Domestic Consumption block (m3 per mth) 1 to 40 Above 40 Non-domestic All units Tariff (¢/m3) 117 140 117 WCT1 (%) 30 45 30 Total (¢/m3) 152 203 152 WBF2 (¢/m3) 30 30 60 Used Water SAF3 (¢/appliance) 300 300 300 1: Water Conservation Tax – Tax on consumption to reinforce the water conservation message 2: Waterborne Fee – Volume-based used water fee 3: Sanitary Appliance Fee – Fixed used water fee based on the number of sanitary appliances 46 Water Conservation MANDATORY Installation of Water Saving Devices Since July 2009 • Minimum 1-Tick Water Efficiency Rated Water Fittings • Dual Flush Low Capacity Flushing Cisterns Since 1983 • Self-Closing Delayed-Action Taps • Constant Flow Regulators Since 1997 • Low Capacity Flushing Cisterns 9 Litre Flushing Cistern 4.5 Litre Low Capacity Flushing Cistern Dual Flush Low Capacity Flushing Cistern 47 Water Conservation MANDATORY Maximum Allowable Flow Rates Maximum Allowable Flowrate (litres/min) New Water Efficient Flow Rate (litres/min) Remarks Area of Usage Basin Tap & Self Closing Delayed Action Basin Tap 6 2 (toilets) 4 (others) For self closing delayed action basin taps, timing shall remain at between 2 and 3 sec Sink / Kitchen Tap and Wash Area Shower Tap & SelfClosing Delayed Action Shower Tap 8 9* 12 (hotels) 6 7 For self closing delayed action shower tap, timing shall remain at between 13 and 15 sec Other Areas 8 6 48 Water Conservation VOLUNTARY Mandatory Domestic Sector Water Conservation Framework for Domestic Sector Pricing Requirement s Water Efficient Homes 10-Litre Challenge Public Education 3P Engagement One-Stop Web Portal More than 140,000 hits Water Volunteer Groups 86 WVGs in 48 constituencies Water Efficiency Labelling Scheme > 3000 models Mandatory in July 2009 Mandatory Installation Of Dual Flush LCFCs Mandatory in July 2009 Enhanced Water Efficient Homes 80 % public housing 60 % pte housing By 2012 49 Water Conservation Voluntary Measures - Domestic Sector Enhanced Water Efficient Homes Water Volunteer Groups (WVGs) Installation of Dual Flush LCFCs (Mandatory from July 2009) Water Conservation Assistance Programme for Needy Families Water Efficiency Labeling Scheme Website Portal (Mandatory from July 2009) 50 Water Conservation Per Capita Domestic Water Consumption (1998 – 2008) Per Capita Domestic Consumption (1998-2008) 170 P er Capita Dom esti c Consum ption (li t/person/ day) 166 165 165 165 165 165 165 162 160 160 158 157 155 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 156 Ye ar 51 Water Conservation VOLUNTARY Non-Domestic Sector Mandatory Requirement s Water Conservation Framework for Non-Domestic Sector Pricing Reduce Replace Reuse Water Efficient Buildings NeWater/Industrial Water/Sea Water Substitution Promote Recycling Thru’ Water Efficiency Fund 52 Water Conservation Voluntary Measures – Non-Domestic Sector REDUCE : WATER EFFICIENT BUILDING (WEB) PROGRAMME Basin Tap 2 litres/min Install meters and take meter readings regularly Avoid water wastage. Repair leak fittings promptly. Urinal 0.5 litres/flush Shower 7 litres/min Check flowrate using a beaker and watch To-date, more than 1400 buildings/premises are certified as Water Efficient Buildings Use high water efficient labelled products 53 Water Conservation Voluntary Measures – Non-Domestic Sector REPLACE : NEWATER, SEA WATER, RAIN WATER, ETC • Encourage substitution with NEWater, High Grade Industrial Water and Sea Water NEWater: - frees up potable water for other uses - quality suitable for process use (UPW), boilers, laundry, air-con cooling towers, toilet flushing, general washing - lower price - save 30% ($1.52 to $1) 54 • Water Conservation Voluntary Measures – Non-Domestic Sector REPLACE : NEWATER FOR NON-POTABLE USE • Supply through a secondary reticulation system • Purer water quality – for process use, boilers, laundry – air-con cooling towers – further treated to produce Ultra-Pure Water for use in high-end electronic companies • 5 NEWater Factories – Kranji (9 mgd; Jan 03. Expansion to 17 mgd) – Bedok (7 mgd; Jan 03. Expansion to 18 mgd) – Seletar (5 mgd; Feb 04) – Ulu Pandan (32 mgd; Mar 07) – Changi (50 mgd by 2010) 55 Water Conservation Voluntary Measures – Non-Domestic Sector REUSE : WATER EFFICIENCY FUND (WEF) Objectives • To encourage companies to look into efficient ways of managing their water demand through various water conservation projects. Aims at getting companies to look into efficient ways of managing their water demand, which includes Potable Water, NEWater and Industrial Water, through: – recycling – use of alternative sources of water supply – initiative to promote water conservation in the community. • 56 Water Conservation Voluntary Measures – Non-Domestic Sector 10% CHALLENGE To challenge the non-domestic sector, particularly the hotels, schools, commercial buildings, government office buildings, etc, to work towards becoming a WEB and save 10% of their monthly water consumption. 10% Challenge Website Portal Water Efficiency Manager Course (WEM) Water Efficient Building Design Guide 57 For more information, visit PUB website at www.pub.gov.sg 58 Valuing and Enjoying our Waters ABC Water TV Show Introduced on Channel 8 2007 59 • 15 reservoirs • 32 major rivers • 7,000+km of waterways The Blue Map of Singapore 60 ABC WATERS PROGRAMME ABC Waters Programme is about: A. A. A. ACTIVE New recreational spaces BEAUTIFUL Integration of waters with urban landscape CLEAN Improved water quality . “… Turn Singapore into a city of gardens and water” Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, At ABC Waters Public Exhibition Opening (Feb 07) 61 Active Beautiful Clean Waters Programme Kolam Ayer ABC Waterfront “…Turn Singapore into a City of Gardens and Water” – Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, ABC Waters Public Exhibition - Feb 2007 Kolam Ayer ABC Waterfront MacRitchie Reservoir Bishan Park 62 Existing Kallang River at Bishan Park 63 Proposed Kallang River at Bishan Park 64 65 Alexandra Canal - Existing 66 Alexandra Canal - Proposed Community Plaza PUB Accolades Managing water in a holistic manner, PUB bagged a number of Singapore and international accolades Water Project of the Year 2009 Singapore Quality Award 2008 Stockholm Industry Award 2007 Water Agency of the Year 2006 67 A VIBRANT SINGAPORE WATER INDUSTRY •Keppel Seghers •Hyflux •SembEnviro •Veolia Water •Darco •Dayen System Integrators Desalination Wastewater treatment Liquid separation Membrane systems Municipal wastewater treatment F&B Pharma Materials • Hyflux • Memcor/Siemens Water • Hydranuatics • Toray Membranes Suppliers UPW Industrial wastewater treatment Consultancy/ Engrg Svcs Utilities Companies Govt bodies BOO contractors Multi-utilities Water Treatment Chemicals •Nalco •BioLab Feasibility studies Financing Technical consultancy Project Management Township devt •CH2MHill •Black & Veatch •CDM •MWH •CPG •SUI Testing & Analysis Services Filtration equipment Disinfection equipment Control system providers •CAWT •Setsco •NUS •NTU Equipment Suppliers •Siemens •GE Water •Veolia Water •Pall •GrahamTek Building a global hub in environment and water in Singapore 68 Singapore companies have track record using leading edge technology in Singapore projects NEWater Desalination Plant Marina Barrage Reclaimed water for industrial & potable use Deep Tunnel Sewerage System One of the largest seawater RO desalination plants worldwide 15th reservoir that will store 10% of S’pore’s demand Membrane Systems World’s most comprehensive New RO technology that is more efficient 69 Singapore companiesStory Singapore’s Water has capabilities in entire water value chain Technology and Equipment Providers Design Consultancy Engineering & Construction Operation & Maintenance Dayen Environmental Limited 70 Sharing PUB’s Expertise & Experiences with our Partners on Commercial Terms • municipal water expertise • consultancy & design services • Water laboratory services • R&D technology know-how • Capability development -training PUB ConsultantsPte Ltd ….our one stop connection to PUB 71 BRANDING & MARKETING SINGAPORE WATER INDUSTRY Singapore Pavilion at IDA World Congress 2009 WEFTEC San Diego 2007 Business Mission to India Singapore-Guangdong Collaboration Council Qatar Singapore High Level Joint Committee Stockholm Water Prize 2007 72 © Urban Redevelopment Authority. All rights reserved Sustainable Cities – Clean and Affordable Water Singapore International Water Week 2010 Sustainable Cities – Clean and Affordable Water 28 June – 2 July 2010 © Urban Redevelopment Authority. All rights reserved Sustainable Cities – Clean and Affordable Water About Singapore International Water Week The global platform for water solutions • • Brings together policymakers, industry leaders, experts and practitioners Address challenges, showcase technologies, discover opportunities & celebrate achievements Key programmes: 1. Water Leaders Summit 2. Water Convention 3. Water Expo 4. Business Forums 5. Lee Kuan Yew Water Prize Organised by: Singapore International Water Week Pte Ltd, a company set up by PUB and the Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources 28 June – 2 July 2010 ADDRESS CHALLENGES Water Leaders Summit SHOWCASE TECHNOLOGIE Water Expo Global platform for water solutions Meeting of top leaders to consider pressing water governance, technology and business issues Develop a world-class event to market & position Singapore as a global water hub Attracted more than 10,000 delegates from over 82 countries Trade show providing the latest & widest range of water technologies, products & services Water Convention CELEBRATE ACHIEVEMENTS Lee Kuan Yew Water Prize DISCOVER OPPORTUNITIES Business Forums Platform for industry experts, researchers & academic to interact & share latest advances & challenges in treatment of waters Honoring outstanding contributions towards solving global water problems which benefit humanity Spread of business networking, partnership formation & deal-making opportunities in key markets 75 SIWW successfully profiled Singapore as a Global Hydrohub Targets : Year 2008 - 800 delegates, 5,000 trade visitors Year 2015 - 2,000 delegates, 25,000 trade visitors PERFORMANCE 2008 2009 10,853 82 countries SGD 2.2 billion Total Number of Participants 8,821 Total Number of Countries Total Value of Projected Deals sealed Total Number of Business Forums 79 countries USD 270 million (SGD 367million) 7 9 Australia, China, Europe, India, Japan, Australia, North America, MENA, China, ME, SEA Europe, India, Japan, SEA, & Finance Forum 42 12,000 sqm More than 350 companies 76 12,000 sqm 5-fold increase in Singapore Pavilion More than 420 companies 28 new product launches Total Number of co-located events Total size of Water Expo Total Number of Exhibiting Companies Total Number of New Product 25 new product launches Launches 76 Singapore International Water Week 2009 A Successful and Well-Attended Global Platform for Water Solutions • More than 10,000 attendees from 82 countries including the Crown Prince of Orange, Ministers from Middle-East, Australia, China, Brunei, India, President ADB, VP World Bank, President / Chairman /CEOs of water companies 12,000 m2 of covered exhibition space with more than 400 exhibiting companies from 28 countries including Siemens, CH2MHill, B&V, CDM, Veolia, Suez 28 new products launched for the very first time in Asia or the World S$2.2 billion worth of business deals inked during the week 911 media stories were generated from Sep 2008 to July 2009 76 co-located events including 7th Ministers Forum on Infrastructure Development in the Asia Pacific Region, 6th International Water Association Leading Edge Conference Post-SIWW Blue Paper/Solutions was released by Minister Dr Yaacob Ibrahim at IDA World Congress in Dubai in Nov 2009 • • • • • • 77 Singapore International Water Week 2010 Promises to be a Bigger and Better event Date: 28 June 2010 – 2 July 2010 Theme : Sustainable Water Solutions for Cities : Sustainable Cities – Clean & Affordable Water Expecting 12,000 participants from all over the world Lee Kuan Yew Water Prize 50 nominations from 21 countries received Other co-located events: • Asia Pacific Water Ministers Forum (APWMF) • World Cities Summit by Centre for Liveable Cities & Civil Service College • 2nd World Urban Transport Leaders Summit by LTA Academy • Centre for Urban Greenery & Ecology (CUGE) Conference on Urban Ecology 78 Strong Recognition and Support from our Partners Lee Kuan Yew Water Prize Sponsor : Strategic Partners : Founding Sponsors : Supporting International Organizations: 79 Thank You www.siww.com.sg 80 Thank You 81