PVHO-1 - 2012

ASME PVHO-1−2012 (Revision of ASME PVHO-1–2007) Safety Standard for Pressure Vessels for Human Occupancy A N A M E R I C A N N AT I O N A L STA N DA R D ASME PVHO-1–2012 (Revision of ASME PVHO-1–2007) Safety Standard for Pressure Vessels for Human Occupancy A N A M E R I C A N N AT I O N A L S TA N D A R D Three Park Avenue • New York, NY • 10016 USA Date of Issuance: May 31, 2012 The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2015. ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of this Standard. Periodically certain actions of the ASME PVHO Committee may be published as Cases. Cases and interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages at http://cstools.asme.org/ as they are issued. Errata to codes and standards may be posted on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages to provide corrections to incorrectly published items, or to correct typographical or grammatical errors in codes and standards. Such errata shall be used on the date posted. The Committee Pages can be found at http://cstools.asme.org/. There is an option available to automatically receive an e-mail notification when errata are posted to a particular code or standard. This option can be found on the appropriate Committee Page after selecting “Errata” in the “Publication Information” section. ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large. ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity. ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard. ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the established ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990 Copyright © 2012 by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A. CONTENTS Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Committee Roster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Correspondence With the PVHO Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary of Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 1 1-1 1-2 1-3 1-4 1-5 1-6 1-7 1-8 1-9 1-10 1-11 Section 2 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 2-8 2-9 2-10 Section 3 3-1 3-2 Section 4 4-1 4-2 4-3 4-4 4-5 4-6 4-7 4-8 4-9 Section 5 5-1 5-2 5-3 5-4 5-5 General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . User Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturer’s Data Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design and Fabrication Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pressure Relief Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonmetallic Materials and Toxicity Offgas Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Risk Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Viewports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fabrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pressure Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installation of Windows in Chambers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repair of Damaged Windows Prior to Being Placed in Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Guidelines for Application of the Requirements of Section 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quality Assurance for PVHO Manufacturers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Piping Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Material Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design of Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Selection and Limitations of Piping Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Selection and Limitations of Piping Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medical Hyperbaric Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PVHO System Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gas Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Control Systems and Instrumentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Environmental Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii vii viii x xii 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 12 13 14 15 16 16 16 65 72 74 75 76 78 78 79 84 84 84 85 85 86 88 88 89 90 90 91 92 98 98 98 98 99 99 Section 6 6-1 6-2 6-3 6-4 6-5 Section 7 7-1 7-2 7-3 7-4 7-5 7-6 7-7 7-8 7-9 7-10 7-11 Figures 1-7.13.1-1 1-7.13.1-2 1-7.13.1-3 1-7.13.5-1 1-9(b)-1 1-9(b)-2 2-2.2.1-1 2-2.2.1-2 2-2.2.1-3 2-2.2.1-4 2-2.5.1-1 2-2.5.1-2 2-2.5.1-3 2-2.5.1-4 2-2.5.1-5 2-2.5.1-6 2-2.5.1-7 2-2.5.1-8 2-2.5.1-9 2-2.5.1-10 2-2.5.1-11 2-2.5.1-12 2-2.5.1-13 2-2.5.1-14 2-2.5.1-15 2-2.10.1-1 2-2.10.1-2 Diving Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pressure Boundary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Submersibles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pressure Boundary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electrical Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Life Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fire Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Instrumentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Buoyancy, Stability, Emergency Ascent, and Entanglement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Emergency Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geometry of Cylinders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stiffener Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sections Through Rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Values of t/Ro and Lc /Ro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Form of Nameplate, U.S. Customary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Form of Nameplate, Metric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Standard Window Geometries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Standard Window Geometries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Standard Window Geometries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Standard Window Geometries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Short-Term Critical Pressure of Flat Disk Acrylic Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Short-Term Critical Pressure of Flat Disk Acrylic Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Short-Term Critical Pressure of Flat Disk Acrylic Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Short-Term Critical Pressure of Conical Frustum Acrylic Windows . . . . . . . . . . Short-Term Critical Pressure of Conical Frustum Acrylic Windows . . . . . . . . . . Short-Term Critical Pressure of Spherical Sector Acrylic Windows . . . . . . . . . . . Short-Term Critical Pressure of Spherical Sector Acrylic Windows . . . . . . . . . . . Short-Term Critical Pressure of Cylindrical Acrylic Windows Pressurized Internally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Short-Term Critical Pressure of Cylindrical Acrylic Windows Pressurized Internally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Short-Term Critical Pressure of Cylindrical Acrylic Windows Pressurized Externally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Short-Term Elastic Buckling of Cylindrical Acrylic Windows Between Supports Under External Hydrostatic Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Short-Term Elastic Buckling of Cylindrical Acrylic Windows Between Supports Under External Hydrostatic Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Short-Term Elastic Buckling of Cylindrical Acrylic Windows Between Supports Under External Hydrostatic Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Short-Term Critical Pressure of Hyperhemispherical and NEMO Type Acrylic Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Short-Term Critical Pressure of Hyperhemispherical and NEMO Type Acrylic Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Seat Cavity Requirements — Conical Frustum Window, Spherical Sector Window With Conical Edge, and Flat Disk Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Seat Cavity Requirements — Double Beveled Disk Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv 100 100 101 103 104 105 106 106 107 108 108 109 110 110 111 111 111 112 7 8 8 13 14 14 18 19 20 21 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 40 41 45 46 2-2.10.1-3 2-2.10.1-4 2-2.10.1-5 2-2.10.1-6 2-2.10.1-7 2-2.10.1-8 2-2.11.10-1 2-2.11.10-2 2-2.14.11-1 2-2.14.15-1 2-2.14.16-1 2-2.14.22-1 2-2.14.24-1 4-9.14.2-1 Seat Cavity Requirements — Spherical Sector Window With Square Edge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Seat Cavity Requirements — Hemispherical Window With Equatorial Flange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Seat Cavity Requirements — Cylindrical Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Seat Cavity Requirements — Hyperhemispherical Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Seat Cavity Requirements — NEMO Window (Standard Seat) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Seat Cavity Requirements — NEMO Window (Seat With Extended Cyclic Fatigue Life) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bevels on Window Edges — Flat Disk Windows, Conical Frustum Windows, Spherical Sector Windows, Hyperhemispheres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bevels on Window Edges — Flanged Hemispherical Window, Spherical Sector Window With Square Edge, External Pressure and Internal Pressure of Cylindrical Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dimensional Tolerances for Penetrations in Acrylic Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dimensional Tolerances for Inserts in Acrylic Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Typical Shapes of Inserts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Seal Configurations for Inserts in Acrylic Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Restraints for Inserts in Acrylic Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flow Diagram of Apparatus for Measuring the Concentration of Hydrocarbons in a Stream of Air or Other Gas After It Has Passed Through a Test Hose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conversion Factor, Fp (For PVHO Occupation Exceeding 8 hr) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conversion Factors for Acrylic Flat Disk Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conversion Factors for Acrylic Conical Frustum Windows and Double Beveled Disk Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conversion Factors for Acrylic Spherical Sector Windows With Conical Edge, Hyperhemispherical Windows With Conical Edge, and NEMO Type Windows With Conical Edge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conversion Factors for Acrylic Spherical Sector Windows With Square Edge and Hemispherical Windows With Equatorial Flange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conversion Factors for Acrylic Cylindrical Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conical Frustum Windows for Design Pressures in Excess of 10,000 psi (69 MPa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Specified Values of Physical Properties for Polycarbonate Plastic . . . . . . . . . . . . Specified Values of Physical Properties for Cast Nylon Plastic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Specified Values of Physical Properties for Each Lot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Specified Values of Physical Properties for Each Casting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annealing Schedule for Acrylic Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maximum Allowable Stress Values for Seamless Pipe and Tube Materials Not Listed in Nonmandatory Appendix A of ASME B31.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mandatory Minimum Nondestructive Examinations for Pressure Welds in Piping Systems for Pressure Vessels for Human Occupancy . . . . . . . . . . . . Maximum Allowable Concentration of Hydrocarbons in Air Passing Through Hose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturer’s Data Report for Pressure Vessels for Human Occupancy . . . . Manufacturer’s Data Report Supplementary Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fabrication Certification for Acrylic Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acrylic Window Design Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Material Manufacturer’s Certification for Acrylic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Material Testing Certification for Acrylic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pressure Testing Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acrylic Window Repair Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v 47 48 49 50 51 52 54 55 59 62 63 64 66 97 15 22 23 Tables 1-10-1 2-2.3.1-1 2-2.3.1-2 2-2.3.1-3 23 24 24 25 61 61 67 69 73 86 91 97 4 5 17 58 68 70 77 80 2-2.3.1-4 2-2.3.1-5 2-2.3.2-1 2-2.14.13-1 2-2.14.13-2 2-3.4-1 2-3.4-2 2-4.5-1 4-2.1.1-1 4-7.1-1 4-9.14.2-1 Forms GR-1 GR-1S VP-1 VP-2 VP-3 VP-4 VP-5 VP-6 Mandatory Appendices I Reference Codes, Standards, and Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonmandatory Appendices A Design of Supports and Lifting Attachments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B Recommendations for the Design of Through-Pressure Boundary Penetrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C Recommended Practices for Color Coding and Labeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D Guidelines for the Submission of a PVHO Case for the Use of Nonstandard Designs, Materials, and Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E Useful References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 115 120 121 124 125 131 vi