PORTFOLIO- BIOLOGICAL CELL Prepared by 1st year MBBS Student-LEKSHMI.pptx

PORTFOLIO PORTFOLIO of BIOLOGICAL CELL BY LEKSHMI Topic: BIOLOGICAL CELL OBJECTIVES HISTORY OF CELL CELL STRUCTURE PROKARYOTIC CELL EUKARYOTIC CELL HISTORY OF CELL First Cells Seen in Cork The cell was first discovered and named by Robert Hooke in 1665 but it was a dead cell. The first man to witness a live cell under a microscope was Anton van Leeuwenhoek, who in 1674 described the algae Spirogyra. Van Leeuwenhoek probably also saw bacteria . Formulation of the Cell Theory 1. The cell is the unit of structure, physiology, and organization in living things. 2. The cell retains a dual existence as a distinct entity and a building block in the construction of organisms. 3. Cells form by free-cell formation, similar to the formation of crystals (spontaneous generation). Modern Cell Theory 1. All known living things are made up of cells. 2. The cell is structural & functional unit of all living things. 3.All cells come from pre-existing cells by division. (Spontaneous Generation does not occur). 4.Cells contains hereditary information which is passed from cell to cell during cell division. 5.All cells are basically the same in chemical composition. 6.All energy flow (metabolism & biochemistry) of life occurs within cells. Cell Structure Two types of cells PROKARYOTIC CELL EUKARYOTIC CELL PROKARYOTIC CELL EUKARYOTIC CELL Subcellular components All cells, whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic, have a membrane that envelops the cell, regulates what moves in and out (selectively permeable), and maintains the electric potential of the cell. Inside the membrane, a salty cytoplasm takes up most of the cell's volume. All cells (except red blood cells which lack a cell nucleus and most organelles to accommodate maximum space for hemoglobin) possess DNA, the hereditary material of genes, and RNA, containing the information necessary to build various proteins such as enzymes, the cell's primary machinery. There are also other kinds of biomolecules in cells. This article lists these primary components of the cell, then briefly describes their function. Organelles Organelles are parts of the cell which are adapted and/or specialized for carrying out one or more vital functions, analogous to the organs of the human body (such as the heart, lung, and kidney, with each organ performing a different function). Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have organelles, but prokaryotic organelles are generally simpler and are not membrane-bound. There are several types of organelles in a cell. Some (such as the nucleus and golgi apparatus) are typically solitary, while others (such as mitochondria, chloroplasts, peroxisomes and lysosomes) can be numerous (hundreds to thousands). The cytosol is the gelatinous fluid that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles. THANK YOU BY LEKSHMI