NFPA 30 Chapters 8 Thru 29 Protection (2008) February 2005 Tom Gray Consulting Director Property Risk Control Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids 1987 – Epiphany! 2 NFPA NFPA Understanding Fire Protection for Flammable and Combustible Liquids Understanding Fire Protection for Flammable and Combustible Liquids Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids CCPS CCPS Guidelines for Fire Protection in Chemical, Petrochemical and Guidelines for Fire Protection in Chemical, Petrochemical and Hydrocarbon Processing Facilities Hydrocarbon Processing Facilities 3 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code NFPA 30 is a CODE (law in most states). Most NFPA documents are STANDARDS (NFPA 13) or DESIGN GUIDELINES (NFPA 68). NFPA 30 is revised every 3 or 4 years. The requirements are generally not retroactive but Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) may require updating to the latest version. Chapters 8 thru 29 now contain protection criteria for container, IBC, and portable tank storage of liquids. Annex D further describes the protection criteria listed in NFPA 30. Annex E describes test protocols for flammable liquid fire tests. Both have lots of information considered advisory. You should read both of them. 4 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids Containers, Portable Tanks, and IBC’s Container = any vessel less than 120 gallons used for transporting or storing flammable or combustible liquids Portable tank = any closed vessel having a liquid capacity over 60 gallons AND not intended for fixed installation (including IBC’s) IBC’s = Intermediate Bulk Containers (less than 794 gallons) but not very well defined by NFPA 30 5 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids IBC Photo 6 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids Containers, Portable Tanks, and IBC’s “Relieving-style container” is a metal container, IBC, or portable tank equipped with at least one pressure-relieving mechanism at the top to relieve internal pressures from external fire exposure to avoid violent rupture of the container, IBC, or portable tank. NFPA 30 requires the pressure-relieving mechanism to be listed and labeled per FMRC 6083, Fusible Closures for Steel Drums. These mechanisms cannot be painted. Cap seals, if used, must be of thermoplastic material to burn away easily. 7 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids Drum Storage in Racks 8 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids NFPA 30, Container and Storage Requirements Does NOT apply to •storage in process areas •certain fuel tanks •beverages (less than 1.3 gallon capacity) •medicines/foodstuffs/cosmetics/other consumer products that are less than 50% water-miscible liquids and the rest non-flammable liquids (less than 1.3 gallon capacity) •liquids that have no Fire Point (vapors won’t burn) •liquids with flash point greater than 95 F in water-miscible solution or dispersion with water and inert solids (more than 80% by weight) that does not sustain burning •distilled spirits or wines in wooden barrels or casks 9 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids Hazardous Materials Locker 10 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids Storage Areas Flammables should be stored in approved cabinets in a cool, well ventilated area to avoid pressure buildup and vaporization. 11 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids Small amounts of flammable liquids stored in listed cabinets Contrary to popular belief, these cabinets are not designed to contain a fire, but to prevent an outside fire from reaching the contents for a period of 10 minutes – enough time to evacuate the area. 12 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids Automatic Fire Protection for Liquid Storage No dry pipe sprinklers are permitted to meet protection requirements of NFPA 30. Where different classes of liquids and container types are stored in the same protected area, the requirements for protection of the most severe hazard class (of those types) must be met. 13 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids Other Protection Requirements of NFPA 30 Foam-water sprinkler systems must be installed per the listing criteria of the foam discharge devices, foam concentrate, and liquids to be protected. Where the listing criteria differ from Table 16.5.2.3 or Table 16.5.2.4, the greater of the two design densities must be used. In-rack sprinklers have very specific installation criteria to meet Chapter 16 requirements. These are now covered in 16.5.1.10 describing Layouts A through I in the new NFPA 30 tables. 14 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids Foam-Water Protection Requirements of NFPA 30 Foam-water sprinkler systems must have at least 15 minutes of foam concentrate at required design flow rates. For example, 0.3 gpm over 2000 square feet using 6% foam has flow rate of 36 gpm. Foam concentrate needed would be 36 gpm for 15 minutes, or 540 gallons total. A foam tank (probably) won’t come in exactly that size so round up to next available size. Foam-water systems must provide foam solution to operating sprinklers with four sprinklers operating, often done by using InLine Balanced Pressure (ILBP) type of foam proportioner. 15 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids Other Protection Requirements of NFPA 30 Water supply for water sprinklers or foam-water sprinklers must be adequate for 2 hours of expected flow. Hose stream and hydrant flows must also be included in this allowance. Containment and drainage are needed. This is true whether water or foam-water sprinklers are used. If foam-water sprinklers are used, liquid spread control is not required by NFPA 30. 16 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids Fire Protection Schemes A, B, or C Several of the tables in Chapter 16 for protection of rack storage of flammable and combustible liquids require design per Fire Protection Schemes A, B, or C. See 16.6.1 for FP Scheme A and 16.6.2 for FP Scheme B plus 16.6.3 for FP Scheme C. These schemes give specific design and installation criteria for protection for Single Row, Double Row, or Multiple Row rack storage of flammable and combustible liquids. 17 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids Talking Points (From NFPA 30 Committee Member) 18 Changes Made UPDATE to NFPA 30 in 2008 February 2005 Tom Gray Consulting Director Property Risk Control Bob Benedetti NFPA Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids NFPA 30 HazMat Template Added cross references for handling & dispensing to occupancy chapters Split industrial/mercantile/storage into 3 separate chapters HazMat storage lockers now separate chapter Assigned fire protection design criteria to its own chapter (Chapter 16) Moved tank & piping chapters to end 20 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids NFPA 30 HazMat Template 9.1 Scope 9.1.1 Trigger Quantities for Protection Levels 9.3 General Requirements 9.4 Approved Containers 9.5 Storage Cabinets 9.6 MAQ Maximum Allowable Quantity 21 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids NFPA 30 Template 9.7 Control Areas 9.8 Occupancy Classifications 9.9 Construction Requirements 9.10 Fire Protection 9.12 Electrical 9.13 Containment, Drainage, Spill Control 9.16 Explosion Control 22 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids NFPA 30 – 2008 Edition Completely new layout to incorporate the HazMat template 8 chapters became 29 chapters (including room for expansion) 23 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids NFPA 30 – 2008 Chapters 1 through 7: • administration • referenced documents • definitions • liquid classification • fire prevention and risk control • electrical 24 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids NFPA 30 – 2008 Chapters 9 through 16: • storage of containers and intermediate bulk containers in buildings, hazardous materials storage lockers, outdoor storage, detached / unprotected buildings • separate chapter (Chapter 16) on fire protection design criteria 25 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids NFPA 30 – 2008 Chapters 17 through 19: • processing facilities • handling, dispensing, transfer, use of liquids • specific operations • heat transfer systems • vapor recovery / processing • solvent distillation units 26 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids NFPA 30 – 2008 Chapters 21 through 25: • storage tanks • aboveground • underground • storage tank buildings • storage tank vaults 27 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids NFPA 30 – 2008 Chapters 27 through 29: • piping systems • loading & unloading facilities • wharves 28 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids NFPA 30 – 2008 Amends definition of “liquid” in 3.3.30 • fluidity > 300 penetration asphalt • viscous material with no specific melting point, but determined to be a liquid per ASTM D4359, Standard Test for Determining Whether a Material is a Liquid or a Solid 29 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids NFPA 30 – 2008 NFPA 101 definition of “Occupancy” NFPA 101 definitions for various types of occupancies 30 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids NFPA 30 – 2008 Flammable liquids storage cabinets • replaces 3 cabinet limit per fire area with occupancy MAQ 31 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids NFPA 30 – 2008 Uses NFPA 5000 (building code) concepts of “control area,” “maximum allowable quantity per control area,” and “protection level” so NFPA 30 now correlates with NFPA 1 and NFPA 5000 • also has correlation with International Fire Code 32 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids NFPA 30 – 2008 Control Area concept (9.7) establishes limits for each floor level: • number of control areas per floor • barrier fire rating between control areas • maximum allowable quantity (MAQ) per control area • percentage of ground level MAQ 33 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids NFPA 30 – 2008 Protection level identifies additional requirements that apply to situations where MAQ is exceeded 34 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids NFPA 30 – 2008 Maximum Allowable Quantity (MAQ) establishes quantity limit applicable without special protective measures • Table 34.1.3.1 of NFPA 5000 35 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids NFPA 30 – 2008 For other than industrial, mercantile, storage, MAQs are: Class I & II IIIA IIIB Quantity (gallons) 10* 60* 120 *can be exceeded if kept in storage cabinets and aggregate does not exceed 180 gallons 36 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids NFPA 30 – 2008 Concepts of “cut-off room” and “attached building” replaced by concept of “liquid storage room” • used for storage of liquids • does not exceed 500 sq ft • may or may not have exterior wall(s) If > 500 sq ft Liquid Warehouse 37 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids Inside Liquid Storage Areas (2003) cut-off room inside room attached building cut-off room 38 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids Liquid Storage Rooms (2008) 39 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids NFPA 30 – 2008 Replaced provisions for storage of flammable & combustible liquids in general purpose warehouses • Now limited to MAQ of NFPA 5000 40 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids NFPA 30 – 2008 New fire protection criteria for the following: • palletized storage of 8 oz plastic bottles of 80% water-miscible flammable (Class I) liquids in cartons 41 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids NFPA 30 – 2008 New fire protection criteria for the following: • single-, double-, multi-row rack storage of Class IIIB liquids in corrugated paper-board IBC with flexible plastic liner (“bag-in-box”) • up to 275 gallon (size) 42 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids NFPA 30 – 2008 New fire protection criteria for the following: • single-, double-, multi-row rack storage of Class IIIB liquids in corrugated paper-board container with flexible plastic liner (“bag-in-box”) • up to 6 gallon (size) 43 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids Case Study “Steeler Colors” Handout 44 Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids Questions??? 45