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MATHalino.comMATHalino.com Engineering Math Review Search Energy and HeadEnergy and Head SPONSORED LINKS Energy is defined as ability to do work. Both energy and work are measured in Newton-meter (or pounds-foot in English). Kinetic energy and potential energy are the two commonly recognized forms of energy. In a flowing fluid, potential energy may in turn be subdivided into energy due to position or elevation above a given datum, and energy due to pressure in the fluid. Head is the amount of energy per Newton (or per pound) of fluid. Search Find us on Facebook MATHalino.com 17,965 people like MATHalino.com. Facebook social plugin LikeLike SPONSORED LINKS Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics » Fundamentals of Fluid Flow ► Types of Energy ► Fluid Mechanics ► Kinetic Energy ► Energy Flow ► Heat Pump Energy ► Air Water Energy Home Forums (New) Algebra Trigonometry Geometry Calculus Mechanics General Engineering Derivations Do you need professional PDFs? Try PDFmyURL! fluid. Head is the amount of energy per Newton (or per pound) of fluid. Kinetic Energy and Velocity Head Kinetic energy is the ability of a mass to do work by virtue of its velocity. The kinetic energy of a mass M having a velocity v is ½Mv2. Since M = W/g, Velocity Head of Circular Pipes The velocity head of circular pipe of diameter D flowing full can be found as follows. Elevation Energy and Elevation Head In connection to the action of gravity, elevation energy is manifested in a fluid by virtue of its position or elevation with respect to a horizontal datum plane. Our Reviewers Advance Engineering Mathematics Algebra Analytic Geometry Derivation of Formulas Differential Calculus Elementary Differential Equations Engineering Economy Engineering Mechanics Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics General Engineering Geotechnical Engineering Integral Calculus Plane Geometry Plane Trigonometry Solid Geometry Spherical Trigonometry Do you need professional PDFs? Try PDFmyURL! Pressure Energy and Pressure Head A mass of fluid acquires pressure energy when it is in contact with other masses having some form of energy. Pressure energy therefore is an energy transmitted to the fluid by another mass that possesses some energy. Total Energy of Flow The total energy or head in a fluid is the sum of kinetic and potential energies. Recall that potential energies are pressure energy and elevation energy. Total energy = Kinetic energy + Pressure energy + Elevation energy Total head = Velocity head + Pressure head + Elevation head In symbol, the total head is Where: v = mean velocity of flow (m/sec in SI and ft/sec in English) p = fluid pressure (N/m2 or Pa in SI and lb/ft2 or psf in English) z = position of fluid above or below the datum plane (m in SI and ft in English) g = gravitational acceleration (9.81 m/sec2 in SI and 32.2 ft/sec2 in English) γ = Unit weight of fluid (N/m3 in SI and lb/ft3 in English) Strength of Materials Surveying Recent comments Re: Engineering Mechanics 8 hours 12 min ago Re: Problem 509 | Friction 1 day 1 hour ago Re: 718 Square and Triangles | Centroid of Composite Area 1 day 7 hours ago Re: 718 Square and Triangles | Centroid of Composite Area 1 day 7 hours ago Re: Problem 414 Truss by Method of Joints 1 day 9 hours ago Re: 718 Square and Triangles | Centroid of Composite Area 1 day 10 hours ago Re: Problem 507 | Friction 2 days 6 hours ago Re: Problem 333 | Equilibrium of Parallel Force System 3 days 16 hours ago Re: Problem 541 | Friction on Wedges 3 days 19 hours ago Re: Problem 533 | Friction 4 days 1 hour ago Re: 718 Square and Triangles | Centroid of Composite Area 4 days 1 hour ago Re: 718 Square and Triangles | Centroid of Composite Area 4 days 3 hours ago Re: Method of Superposition | Beam Deflection 5 days 1 min ago Re: 238 Finding the resultant of trapezoidal loading 5 days 2 hours ago Re: Problem 539 | Friction on Wedges 5 days 14 hours ago Re: Differential Calculus 6 days 1 hour ago Do you need professional PDFs? Try PDFmyURL! Daniel Bernoulli (1700 - 1782) Power and Efficiency Power is the rate of doing work per unit of time. For a fluid of unit weight γ (N/m3) flowing at the rate of Q (m3/sec) with a total energy of E (m), the power (Watt) is Note: 1 horsepower (hp) = 746 Watts 1 horsepower (hp) = 550 ft-lb/sec 1 Watt = 1 N-m/sec = 1 Joule/sec Bernoulli's Energy Theorem andEquations Bernoulli’s Energy Theorem Applying the law of conservation of energy to fluids that may be considered incompressible, Bernoulli’s theorem may be stated as follows: Neglecting head lost, the total amount of energy per unit weight is constant at any point in the path of flow. Bernoulli's Energy Equations Energy Equation Neglecting Head Loss Without head losses, the total energy at point (1) is equal to the total energy at point (2). No head lost is an ideal condition leading to theoretical values in the results. Re: Differential Calculus 6 days 3 hours ago Re: Problem 001-mj | Method of Joints 1 week 6 hours ago Re: 246 - System with couples and forces on it 1 week 9 hours ago Re: 236 Computation of the resultant of parallel forces... 1 week 13 hours ago Recent Updates Deflections Determined by Three-Moment Equation Angle between two chords Problem 01 - Equation of a curve 02 - Bullet fired from the top of a building The Moment Distribution Method Cycloid: equation, length of arc, area 821 Rectangle minus semi-circle | Moment of Inertia Partial Derivatives 01 Maximum area of triangle of given perimeter Problem 06 | Elimination of Arbitrary Constants Need some help? Mymathdone.com provides math homework help of any complexity degree at reasonable prices. 100% Satisfaction or Money back guarantee. http://www.mymathdone.com/ Do you need professional PDFs? Try PDFmyURL! Energy Equation Considering Head Loss The actual values can be found by considering head losses in the computation of flow energy. Do you need professional PDFs? Try PDFmyURL! Energy Equation with Pump In most cases, pump is used to raise water from lower elevation to higher elevation. In a more technical term, the use of pump is basically to increase the energy of flow. The pump consumes electrical energy (Pinput) and delivers flow energy (Poutput). Do you need professional PDFs? Try PDFmyURL! Energy Equation with Turbine Turbines extract flow energy and converted it into mechanical energy which in turn converted into electrical energy. Do you need professional PDFs? Try PDFmyURL! Hydraulic and Energy Grade Lines Hydraulic Grade Line (HGL) Hydraulic grade line, also called hydraulic gradient and pressure gradient, is the graphical representation of the potential head (pressure head + elevation head). It is the line to which liquid rises in successive piezometer tubes. The line is always at a distance (p/γ + z) above the datum plane. Characteristics of HGL HGL slopes downward in the direction of flow but it may rise or fall due to change in pressure. HGL is parallel to EGL for uniform pipe cross section. For horizontal pipes with constant cross section, the drop in pressure gradient between two points is equivalent to the head lost between these points. Do you need professional PDFs? Try PDFmyURL! Energy Grade Line (EGL) Energy grade line is always above the hydraulic grade line by an amount equal to the velocity head. Thus, the distance of energy gradient above the datum plane is always (v2/2g + p/γ + z). Energy grade line therefore is the graphical representation of the total energy of flow. Characteristics of EGL EGL slopes downward in the direction of flow and will only rise with the presence of pump. The vertical drop of EGL between two points is the head lost between those points. EGL is parallel to HGL for uniform pipe cross section. EGL is always above the HGL by v2/2g. Neglecting head loss, EGL is horizontal. Illustration showing the behavior of EGL and HGL Do you need professional PDFs? Try PDFmyURL! Tags: power pressure head velocity head elevation head total head efficiency horsepower Watt Bernoulli’s energy equation neglecting head loss considering head loss theoretical value ideal value actual value flow with turbine flow with pump energy equation input power output power Daniel Bernoulli Bernoulli’s theorem HGL EGL energy grade line energy gradient hydraulic grade line hydraulic gradient pressure gradient Problem 01 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 02 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 03 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 04 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 05 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 06 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 07 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Do you need professional PDFs? Try PDFmyURL! ‹ 02 Graph of velocity of flow against length of pipe up Problem 01 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem › Add new comment 17682 reads Problem 08 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 09 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 10 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 11 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 12 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 13 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 14 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 15 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 16 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 17 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 18 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 19 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 20 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem SPONSORED LINKS Air Flow Stations dwyer-inst.com Assortment of Sizes & Shapes for averaging air flow in ducts. MultiFunct ion Leak Tester zaxisinc.com Pressure, mass flow, vacuum, burst Compact, easy, economical system Postage Meters stamps.com Why Waste Money on Postage Meters? 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Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics Principles of Hydrostatic Pressures Hydrostatic Pressure on Surfaces Relative Equilibrium of Liquids Fundamentals of Fluid Flow Discharge | Flow Rate Energy and Head Problem 01 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 02 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 03 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 04 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 05 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 06 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 07 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 08 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 09 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 10 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 11 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 12 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 13 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 14 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 15 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 16 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 17 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 18 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 19 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Problem 20 | Bernoulli's Energy Theorem Do you need professional PDFs? 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