������ Navin Shukla P a g e | 1 Monday, May 18, 2015 15th CENSUS 2011 Since 1872 1872: Mayo; 1881: Rippon Population 1210.2 million Density 382 Sex ratio 943 0‐6 years 918 Literacy rate 73% Uttar Pradesh Density 829 Sex ratio 912 0‐6 years 902 Literacy rate 67.7% INDIA NON MEMBER HEADQUARTER INDIA –MEMBER HEADQUARTER APEC(21) Singapore BRICS, BASIC, IBSA, IORA(20), NAM, Colombo, SAFTA, BIMSTEC, G5, G15, G20, G22, G77, Common wealth (54) SCO(6) Shanghai, China INTERPOL Lyon, France OCED Paris, France ASEAN (10) Jakarta, Indonesia SAARC (8) Kathmandu, Nepal OPEC (12) Vienna, Austria ADB Manila NATO (28) European Union (28) Brussels, Belgium BIS (Banks for International Settlements) Basal, Switzerland IBSA UNEP Nairobi Kyoto protocol Arab league Cairo UNWTO Madrid 1. GENEVA: WHO, WIPO, WMO, ITU, ISO, ILO, Red Cross. (HIM RaSaTaL) 2. ROME: Food & Agricultural Organisation (FAO) & International fund for agricultural development (IFAD). 3. UNIVERSAL POSTAL UNION: BERNE; UNIDO: VIENNA; GREEN PEACE: Canada. 4. WASINGTON DC: IMF & World banks. a. IBRD b. IDA (International Development Association) c. IFC (International Finance Cooperation) d. MIGA (Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency) e. ICSID (International Centre For Settlement of Investment Dispute) 5. ASIAN‐10: (BPL TV CM SIM)‐Brunei, Philippines, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Myanmar. ASEAN, was established on 8th August 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand, with the signing of the ASEAN Declaration (Bangkok Declaration) by the Founding Fathers of ASEAN, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. 6. G‐7: (CAB FR JIG/FRECA JIG): Canada, America, Britain, France, Russia, Japan, Italy, Germany. 7. OPEC‐12 (ALEN‐VIA‐KISQU): Algeria, Libya, Ecuador, Nigeria, Venezuela, Iran, Angola, Qatar, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE. 8. Shanghai Corporation Organisation: Tajikistan, Russia, Uzbekistan, China, Khazikistan, Kirgizstan. 9. G‐5 (CM‐IBSA): China, Mexico, India, Brazil, South Africa. 10. BIMSTEC: Bhutan, Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Nepal. 11. INDIAN OCEAN RIM ASSOCIATION: A 20 member nation of INDIAN OCEAN in the association. 12. G20: BRICS + G7 + Argentina, Australia, Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea, South Arabia, Turkey. 13. Kyoto protocol: a. Emission trading— i. Carbon Credit, ii. Carbon Tax, iii. Carbon Transfer, b. Clean Development Management (CDM) MEETING 2015 2016 IBSA New Delhi, India (7th) ASEAN (26th ) Malaysia (26th) G‐7 Germany (41st ) NAM Venezuela, S. America SAARC ‐‐‐ Islamabad, Pakistan (19th) G‐20 Turkey (10th) China (11th) BRICS (7th ) Ufa, Russia SCO CHOGM Malta BIMSTEC Nepal (4th) APEC Manila (27th) Lima, Peru (28th) NATO ‐‐‐ Warsaw, Poland (27th) World Trade Org. Nairobi, Kenya (10th) Nuclear Security Summit USA 15 17 19 21 23 25 1981‐1991 1991‐2001 2001‐2011 23.87 21.54 17.64 % Gr ow th rat e ������ Navin Shukla P a g e | 2 Monday, May 18, 2015 VARIOUS HONOURS/AWARDS GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY CONFERENCE 13th Los Cabos, Mexico, 2015 PADMA VIBHUSHAN (Total 9 Recipient)—26 Jan 2015 1. Lal Krishna Advani 2. Punjab Chief Minister Parkash Singh Badal 3. Senior Advocate K. K. Venugopal 4. Nuclear Scientist M. R. Srinivasan 5. Philanthropist Veerendra Heggade 6. Sanskrit Scholar Swami Rambhadracharya 7. Actor Amitabh Bachchan, Actor Dilip Kumar 8. Karim Al Hussiani Aga Khan NOBEL PRIZE: 1901 [ROYAL SWEDISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 12 Lac dollar] The Noble prize winner INDIANS (9): R N tagore [1913], CV Raman [1930], H. Khurana [1968], Mother Teresa [1979], S Chadrashekhara [1983], Amartyasen [1998], V.S. Naipal [2010], Venkatraman rama krishnan [2009]. PEACE 2014: Malala yusufzai (Education) & Kailash Satyarthi (Children right i.e. BACHPAN BACHAO ANDOLAN). PHYSICS 2014: Isamu Akashaki, Hiroshi Amano, Shuji Nakamura. CHEMISTRY 2014: Eric Betzig, William E Moerner, Stefan W Hell MEDICAL 2014: Britt Mosar & Edvard Mosar (Discover Inner GPS of Brain) LITERATURE 2014: Patrick Modiano, French novelistOldest recipient: Doris Lessing BHARAT RATNA AWARD, INDIA [1954] Total award: 45 (Upto 2015) 1. 44th Atal Bihari Bajpai 2. 45th M. Madan Mohan Malviya RASHTRIYA KHEL RATNA PRIZE: 2012‐13 RONJAN SODI, shooting PRAVASHI BHARTIYA DIWAS‐MOIA (Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs)—7‐9 January 2015 Mahatma Mandir Gandhinagar Gujarat (13th) GANDHI PEACE PRIZE 2014 Indian Space Research Organisation. THE MAN BOOKER PRIZE, 1929 2014 Richard Flanagan, To Narrow road to the deep North BORLAUG AWARD, 1992 [Coromandel International, A Fertilizer Company] 2014 C S Prakash PULITZER PRIZE, 1917 (JOURNALISM) 2014 Vijay Seshadri, 3 Sections’ poetry JNANPITH AWARD 2014 Bhalchandra Vanaji Nemade (Marathi litterateur) DADA SAHEB FALKE 2014 Shashi Kapoor SARASWATI SAMMAN, 1991 (K. K. Birla foundation: Schedule VIII of constitution for literacy work) 2014 M Veerappa Moily (5 volume Kannada poem Ramayana Mahanveshana). NATIONAL SAHITYA ACADEMY AWARD—HINDI NOVEL 2014 Raemsh Chandra Shah (Vinayak Novel) ABEL PRIZE— MATHEMATICS 2015 John Forbes Nash, Jr & Louis Nirenberg TYLER PRIZE—ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION 2015 Madhav Gadgil; Report on western Ghat Folio prize—Literature 2015 Akhil Sharma ������ Navin Shukla P a g e | 3 Monday, May 18, 2015 BIOSPHERE RESERVES OF INDIA [18] 1) Nilgiri, 1986 2) Nanda Devi, 1988, UK 3) Nokrek, 1988, Meghalaya 4) Great Nikobar, 1989 5) Gulf of Mannar, 1989, TN 6) Manas, 1989 7) Sunderbans, 1989 8) Simlipal, 1994 9) Dibru shikhowa, 1997, Assam 10) Dehang debang, 1998, Arunachal Pradesh 11) Pachamarhi, 1999, MP 12) Kanchan Dzongha, 2000, Sikkim 13) Agashthyamalai, 2001, Kerala 14) Achanakmar Amarkantak, 2005 15) Kutch, 2008 Gujrat 16) Cold dessert, 2009, Himachal Pradesh 17) Seshachalam hills, 2010, Andhra Pradesh 18) Panna, 2011, Madhya Pradesh RAMSAR WETLAND [26] The Convention on Wetlands came into force for India on 1st February 1982. 1) Ashtamudi Wetland, Kerala 2) Bhitarkanika Mangroves, Orissa 3) Bhoj Wetland, Madhya Pradesh 4) Chandertal Wetland, Himachal Pradesh 5) Chilika Lake, Orissa 6) Deepor Beel, Assam 7) East Calcutta Wetlands, WB 8) Harike Lake, Punjab[Beas & Sutlej] 9) Hokera Wetland Jammu & Kashmir 10) Kanjli; Punjab 11) Keoladeo National Park Rajasthan 12) Kolleru Lake, Andhra Pradesh[Krishna & Godavari] 13) Loktak Lake, Manipur 14) Nalsarovar Bird Sanctuary, Gujarat 15) Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary, TN 16) Pong Dam Lake, HP 17) Renuka Wetland, HP 18) Ropar, Punjab 19) Rudrasagar Lake, Tripura 20) Sāmbhar Lake, Rajasthan 21) Sasthamkotta Lake, Kerala 22) Surinsar‐Mansar Lakes, J&K 23) Tsomoriri, J&K 24) Upper Ganga River, UP 25) Vembanad‐Kol Wetland, Kerala 26) Wular lake, J&K UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE IN INDIA (32) Cultural Heritage sites 1) Rani‐ki‐Vav at Patan, Gujarat (2014) 2) Hill Forts of Rajasthan (2013) 3) The Jantar Mantar, Jaipur (2010) 4) Red Fort Complex (2007) 5) Champaner‐Pavagadh Archaeological Park (2004) 6) Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (2004) 7) Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka, MP (2003) 8) Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya (2002) 9) Agra Fort (1983) 10) Ajanta Caves (1983) 11) Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi (1989) 12) Churches and Convents of Goa (1986) 13) Elephanta Caves (1987) 14) Ellora Caves (1983) 15) Fatehpur Sikri (1986) 16) Great Living Chola Temples (1987) 17) Group of Monuments at Hampi (1986) 18) Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram (1984) 19) Group of Monuments at Pattadakal (1987) 20) Humayun's Tomb, Delhi (1993) 21) Khajuraho Group of Monuments (1986) 22) Mountain Railways of India (1999) 23) Qutub Minar and its Monuments, Delhi (1993) 24) Sun Temple, Konârak (1984) 25) Taj Mahal (1983) Natural 1) Great Himalayan National Park (2014) 2) Western Ghats (2012) 3) Kaziranga National Park (1985) 4) Keoladeo National Park (1985) 5) Manas Wildlife Sanctuary (1985) 6) Nanda Devi & Valley of Flowers (1988) 7) Sundarbans National Park (1987) STRAITS Palk: India & Sri Lanka Messina: Italy & Sicily Bosporus: Separate Europe from Asia Gibraltar: Spain & Morocco Bass: Australia & Tasmania Malacca: Malaysia & Indonesia Bearing: Russia & Alaska Davis: Canada & Greenland Cook: North New Zealand & South New Zealand Hormuz: Arabian Sea & Persian Gulf La Perouse: Russia and Hokkaido, Japan ������ Navin Shukla P a g e | 4 Monday, May 18, 2015 CONSTITUTION OF INDIA [Britain, USA, Ireland, South Africa, Australia, Germany, Canada, GOI Act, 1935] FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS [part III], USA, [Art 14 to 32] Art 19 Right to speech—(can suspended except case of armed rebellion.) Art 20 Protection in respect of conviction of offence— (Never suspended during emergency) Art 21 Protection of life & Liberty— (Never suspended during emergency) Art 21(A) Right to Education— added by 86th amendment act, 2002 Art 24 Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc. Art 32 Remedies for enforcement of rights. The Supreme Court shall have power to issue writs, including writs in the nature of 1. Habeas Corpus: issued in case of unlawful detention. [e.g. Rowlett’s Act, 1909] 2. Mandamus: issued against those public officer who don’t fulfill their public duty except governor, Prez. 3. Prohibition: issued from superior court to inferior one to stop working outside its jurisdiction. 4. Quo Warranto: issued against those who occupy a public office unlawfully. 5. Certiorari: issued from superior court to inferior one to quash the order DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY [Part IV], Ireland, [Art 33 to 51] Art 39(A) Equal justice and free legal aid Art 40 Organization of village panchayats. Balawant Rai Mehta committee asked for 3 tier system, includes 1. Village panchayat 2. Panchayat samite 3. Zila Parishad 73rd amendment 1991 added part IX: Panchayats o Schedule XI includes 29 subjects of Panchayats. 74th amendment added IXA: Municipalities. o Schedule XII consists of 18 subject of municipality. Art 41 Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases—e.g. MGNAREGA. Art 42 Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief. Art 44 Uniform civil code Art 45 Provision for free and compulsory education for children till 14 years. Art 47 To raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health. Art 48 Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry—e.g. Green Revolution (1965), Operation flood. Art 48(A) Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life. Art 49 Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance. Art 50 Separation of judiciary from executive. Art 51 Promotion of international peace and security—e.g. Panchsheel pact with china (1954). 11 FUNDAMENTAL DUTY [Part IV(A)], Art 51(A)— Added in constitution by 42nd constitutional amendment 1976 (a) to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem; (b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom; (c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India; (e) To renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women; (g) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures; (k) Child Education between the age of 6 and 14 years. Art 74 Council of Ministers to aid and advise President. Art 76 Attorney general of India—First law officer of country. Appointed by the President of India No fixed tenure Receive fixed amount decided by president, Not salary Can take part in proceeding of parliament, but can’t vote. Art 79 Parliament comprises 1. President— He is part of legislature, even though he doesn’t sit in parliament. 2. Council of state (Rajya Sabha) 3. House of people (Lok Sabha) Art 80 Composition of the Council of States. [250 (max) = 238 elected +12 Nominated]. It is not subject to dissolution. It is a permanent body. 1/3 of its member retires on expiration of every 2 years. Art 81 Composition of the House of the People. [552 (max) = 530 elected + 20 UT’s + 2 Nominated)] Art 108 Joint sitting of both house called by President in certain cases. 1. Bill is rejected by the other house 2. The houses have finally disagreed. 3. More than 6 month elapsed from the date of reception of bill by other house without bill being passed. ������ Navin Shukla P a g e | 5 Monday, May 18, 2015 Art 112 Money bill Art 118 The Speaker Presides over the joint sitting of the two houses of parliament. Art 123 Ordinance power of president during recess Art 148 Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) Art 163 Council of Ministers to aid and advise governor. Art 169 Abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in States. Bicameral Legislative [7]: Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, UP, J&K, Maharashtra, Karnataka. Art 213 Ordinance power of governor during recess Art 214 Three new high courts in India: Tripura, Meghalaya, Manipur. (21+3=24 High Courts.) [These 3 states added in India in 1972]; Article 214 provides that there should be a High court in each state. Art 262 Zonal councils (6)— Chairman: Union Home Minister Art 263 Inter‐state council under recommendation of Sarkaria commission—Chairman: Prime Minister PART IX Art 243 to 243‐O [The Panchayats]—73rd amendment act, 1992 3 tier system: 1. Panchayat at village level 2. District panchayat at district level 3. Intermediate panchayat The electorate is named ‘GRAM SABHA’ PART IXA Art‐243 P to 243‐ZG [The Municipalities]—74th amendment act, 1992 3 tier system: 1. Nagar panchayat 2. Municipal council 3. Municipal corporation Art 280 Finance commission Art 312 Union public service commission Art 323A Administrative Tribunal ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA [Part XV; Article 324 to 329] 1. Article 324: Power of superintendence, direction and control of election of President, Vice president, LS, RS, LA, LC. 2. The election of Panchayat and Municipality conducted by State Election Commission. 3. The tenure of CEC is 6 years/65 years age. 4. Article 326: Right to vote on basis of ADULT SUFFRAGE (18 years age) 5. Art 327 CEC of India: Dr. Nasim Zaidi (CEC) 6. Art 329: Dispute in case of election filled on election petition. a. Dispute of election of President and Vice President— Supreme Court b. Dispute of election of MP/MLA— High Court Art 335 Claims of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to services and posts. OFFICIAL LANGUAGE [PART XVII] Art 343 Official language of the Union (Hindi in Devanagari script) PART XVIII [EMERGENCY PROVISION] Art 352 Proclamation of emergency under War, External Aggression and Armed Rebellion, Art 356 Failure of constitutional machinery in states called Presidential rule. Art 360 Financial Emergency. {Not applied in India till date} PART XX Art 368 Constitutional Amendment. (2/3rd Majority) CASE STUDY: 1. Shankari Prashad (1951): FR’s amendable as per Supreme court 2. Sajjan Singh (1965): FR’s amendable as per Supreme court 3. Golak Nath (1967): FR’s unamendable as per Supreme court as per Art 13 limitation. 4. Keshwanand Bharti (1973): FR’s are amendable without change in Basic structure 5. Minerva mill case (1980): Violation of basic structure and judicial review was null & void. 42nd AMENDMENT: 1. Socialist, Secular and integrity added to preamble. 2. Directive principle were given precedence over FR’s. 3. Fundamental duties were added (Art 51A). 4. Administrative tribunals (Art 323A) 91st AMENDMENT: 1. The total strength of council of minister shall not exceed 15% of the total strength of house. However in small state, there can be 12 ministers. ������ Navin Shukla P a g e | 6 Monday, May 18, 2015 MISSION/PROJECT STARTED BY CENTRAL GOVERNMENT BUDGET 2014‐15 DIGITAL INDIA India’s first hi‐speed Rural Broadband Network (HSRBN) was commissioned in Idukki District of Kerala and was declared the first district in the country linked to the National Optic Fibre Network (NOFN). MAKE IN INDIA 25th September 2014. SWACHH BHARAT ABHIYAN To provide total sanitation to every Indian by 2019. SHYAMA PRASAD MUKHERJI RURBAN MISSION – SPMRM To deliver integrated project based infrastructure in the rural areas PRADHAN MANTRI JAN DHAN YOJANA Insurance 1 lakh. SANSAD ADARSH GRAM YOJNA 1. Village should have population of around 3,000 to 5000. 2. MPs should not adopt their own or in laws villages. 3. One village to be developed by 2016 and two more by 2019. DEEN DAYAL UPADHYAY GRAM JYOTI YOJANA 1. Initiated by PM Narendra Modi. 2. Replace ongoing Rajiv Gandhi rural Electrification Yojana. MISSION INDRADHANUSH It aims to immunize all children against 7 vaccine preventable diseases namely Diphtheria, Whooping Cough, Tetanus, Polio, Tuberculosis, Measles And Hepatitis‐B by 2020. PROJECT MAUSAM Sea route and land route to connect holy place in India & outside. BHARAT MALA Road project proposed by the Union Govt. from Gujarat to Mizoramto be built along India’s vast West‐to‐East land border. NATIONAL HERITAGE DEVELOPMENT AND AUGMENTATION (HRIDAY) To preserve and rejuvenate the rich cultural heritage of the country. ATAL MISSION FOR REJUVENATION AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION (AMRUT) Second phase of JNNURM renamed under ministry of Urban development. 10‐year Programme with total investment of about `2 lakh crore. PM JEEVAN JYOTI ` 330 premium/year, ` 200,000/‐ insurance, AGE ������ Navin Shukla P a g e | 7 Monday, May 18, 2015 GAUTAM BUDDHA Lumbini, Kapilvastu Bodhgaya, Bihar Dear Park, Sarnath Kushinagar, UP Birth (563 BC) Meditation under Pipal tree at Uruvella (Bodhgaya) on the bank of River Niranjana. Delivered first Sermon Dharmachakra Pravartana —turning the wheel of Law Died (483 BC)— Mahaparinirvna BUDDHIST COUNCILS 1. Rajigriha : Ajatshatru 2. Vaisali: Kalashoka 3. Patliputra: Ashok 4. Kashmir: Kaniska CAPITAL SHIFT Illtutmish Lahore to Delhi Mohammad Bin Tughlak Delhi to Devgiri/Daultabad Sikandar Lodhi Delhi To Agra. MUGHAL EMPIRE 1. Founder: Babur 2. Last Ruler: Bahadur Shah II 3. Capitals: Agra > Fatehpur Sikri > Lahore > Agra > Shahjehanabad/ Delhi 4. Languages: Persian > Chagatai Trukic > Urdu 5. Religion: Islam > Din‐e‐Ilahi > Islam Babur, Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan, Aurangzeb, Bahadur Shah I 13 rulers: (BAS SAAM ko MUnNI RAFI ke gane sunti hai, FURRsat JAHA mil jati hai) Jahandar Shah Furrukhusiyar Rafi Ul‐Darjat Rafi Ud‐Daulat Nikusiyar Muhammad Ibrahim Muhammad Shah Ahmad Shah Bahadur Alamgir II Shah Jahan III Shah Alam II Akbar Shah II Bahadur Shah II Portuguese (1501 Cochin) > Dutch (1605) > English (Surat 1608) > French (1668 Surat) ACT BEFORE INDEPENDENCE Regulating Act, 1773 Supreme court at Fort William in Kolkata. Pitt’s India act, 1784 Charter Act, 1793 Charter Act, 1813 Trade monopoly of East India company end. Charter Act, 1833 Charter Act, 1853 Separate governor of Bengal appointed. Government of India Act, 1858 Direct rule of crown. End Of Rule of East India Company Secretary of state of India: India council Last Governor General/First Viceroy: Canning (1856‐62) Association of Indians necessary for British rule. [FIRST ICS: S N TAGORE] Indian council act, 1861 Envisaged association on Indians with the administration at higher level. Indian council act, 1892 Morley‐Minto reform, 1909 Provide Separate Electorate of Muslim community to widen gulf between Hindu and Muslim. Government of India Act, 1915 Government of India Act, 1919/ Chelmsford report, 1919 Indian legislature made Bicameral first time. Rowlett act—extraordinary power has been given to suppress the freedom struggle with general Dyer as a commandant. Government of India Act, 1935 It provide federal type government. Introduced provincial autonomy and Abolished diarchy in provinces Made minister responsible to legislature and federation at centre. Cripps mission, March 1942 Cabinet mission(march‐June 1946) Establishment of Constituent Assembly to frame the constitution. NAVARATNA OF AKBAR [BAT BAT MDH] Birbal, Abul Fajal, Tansen, Bhagvandas, Abdul Rahim Khan Khana, Todermal, Man Shing, Mulla Do Pyaza, Hakim Hukam VICEROY OF INDIA Dalhausi (1848‐56): MAYO (1869‐72): Rippon (1880‐84): Dufferin (1885): Curzon (1905): Hardinge (1911): Chelmsford (1916‐21): Reading (1921‐26): Irwin (1926‐31): Willington: Linlithgow (1936‐43). ������ Navin Shukla P a g e | 8 Monday, May 18, 2015 Dalhausi: 1848: Doctrine of Lapse—Satara, Jhansi, Nagpur, Jaitpur, Sambhalpur, Baghait, Udaipur. 1853: First Railway from thane to Mumbai 1854: Post office system & Postal stamp 1854: Wood’s Dispatch— Scheme for development of education in India (Magnacarta of Education) Rippon: 1881: First complete census 1881: First Factory act (Child labour) 1882: Repealed Vernacular Press act in which No Indian language newspaper can publish seditious article. 1882: Local self‐government act [Father of Local self‐government in India] 1882: Hunter report—Primary Education 1883: Ilbert bill—Indian judges can also trail the cases of Europeans. WORLD CLIMATE 0‐10°N‐S Equatorial—Rubber. 10°‐20°N‐S Savanna tropical, called Natural Zoo. [Llanos, Compos, Khno, Salisbury] 20°‐30°N‐S Hot desert climate 30°‐40°N‐S Warm temperate (Mediterranean) 1. Sirocco (Hot wind)— Sahara dessert 2. Mistral (Cold Wind) — Rhone valley, France (80 km/hr.) 40°‐50°N‐S Temperate [Prairies (NA), Pampas (SA), Veld (S. Africa), Down (Australia), Steppes (Russia)]. 55°‐70°N‐S Taiga 70°‐90°N‐S Arctic CHINA BRITISH TROPICAL MONSOON NEPAL EARTHQUAKE (25th April 2015) Operation Maitri: Indian Army’s relief and rescue operation in Nepal. Epicentre Lamjung Magnitude 7.9 [1 to 9 Richter Scale in Log basis] Intensity Measurement 1‐12 (Modified Marcalli Scale) Seismograph Working on Principle of Inertia Cause Convergence of Indian and Eurasian Tectonics plates. Types of Seismic waves P wave: Up‐Down S wave: Fwd‐Bakward LOVE (LOng waVE)/R: Surface Wave (Ripples) Major Tectonic Plates (6) 1. Pacific plate (Largest) 2. Eurasian plate 3. Indo‐Australian plate 4. Africana plate 5. American plate (NA & SA) 6. Antarctica plate Plate Movements Convergence‐ Earth quake, Volcanic eruption, Formation of young fold mountains.Divergence and Parallel movements. Earthquake zone in India (5 zone) Zone 5 (very High risk i.e. Gujarat), Zone IV (High risk i.e. Himalayan, UP, Bihar), Zone III (Mumbai, Kolkata), Zone II (Chennai), Zone I (Southern Plateau area) Ring of Fire Due to convergence of Pacific (11 cm/year) Effect on Himalaya India reduces towards North 6 cm/year hence the height of Himalaya increases. Average Density of Earth 5.5 gm/cm3 i.e. (2.67 gm/cm3, 5.5 gm/cm3, 11 gm/cm3) Currie Point It is the temperature at which solid becomes viscous. Higher the Density, Higher will be Currie point. Even at 6000°C, Inner core is Solid due to Higher density. ������ Navin Shukla P a g e | 9 Monday, May 18, 2015 ROCKS IGNEOUS Formed from lava hurled out of a volcano or from the cooling of hot magma below the crust. 1. Granite— Course grained due to slow cooling. 2. Basalt— Fine grained due to fast cooling. SEDIMENTARY Formed by the erosion and weathering of other rock types. Carriers: Wind, water and snow 1. Sandstone is made from grains of sand, which have been naturally cemented together. 2. Chalk is made up of millions of tiny calcium carbonate (lime) skeletons of microorganisms 3. Coal, Gypsum, Petroleum METAMORPHIC These types of rocks are formed when a rock is subjected to heat and/or pressure. 1. Slate: Clay when subjected to heat and/ or pressure gets metamorphosed to slate. 2. Marble: Limestone give rise to marble. SOIL DISTRIBUTION IN INDIA— Pedology Alluvial soil Great Indian Plain, river valleys, coastal plains and deltas. Black Cotton soil (Regur) Maharashtra, western Madhya Pradesh, parts of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat and TN. Red & yellow soil: Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Orissa Tripura Laterite soil Coastal margins and plains of southern peninsula from West Bengal to southern Maharashtra Red Loam soil CG, MP Arid soil Western Rajasthan Manson In India South west Manson 1 June ‐ 5 June ‐ 10 June ‐ 15 June ‐ 1 July ‐ 15 July Retreating Manson PRESSURE DISTRIBUSTION IN INDIA January 1018 ‐ 1014 mbar April 1008 ‐ 1010 mbar July 998 ‐ 1010 mbar October 1011 (Uniform) mbar WIND DISTRIBUTION— Four types of wind 1) Permanent wind a) Trade wind b) Westerly c) Polar wind 2) Periodical wind a) Sea breeze b) Valley breeze 3) Variable wind a) Cyclone 4) Local wind a) Loo (India) b) Sirocco c) Mistral (Rhone valley) FOREST IN INDIA Moist Tropical Evergreen Found in regions of 200‐400 cm annual rainfall. Western Ghats, Eastern India include Orissa, WB & NE, and A&N Island. (e.g. Moist Tropical Deciduous MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT & FORESTS 1. Ozone Cell is established under the Ministry of Environment & Forests for undertaking activities relating to implementation of Vienna Convention and Montreal Protocol. 2. Project Tiger (1973): 2226 tiger in 2014 (Age > 1.5 years) i.e. 30.5% increased. Karnataka has largest numbers (406) of tiger. a. 49 tiger reserves in India (as per data) i. Rajaji national park UK is 48th and Kudremukh National park in Karnataka is 49th. b. The 3 new proposed tiger reserves are (a) Ratapani (Madhya Pradesh), Sunabeda (Odisha) , Guru Ghasidas (Chhattisgarh) ������ Navin Shukla P a g e | 10 Monday, May 18, 2015 HYDRO POWER PROJECTS J&K: Salal & Dulhasti in Chenab; Chutak in Suru; Nimmo Bazqo (Indus); Sewa in Ravi; Uri (Jhelum) HP: Baira siul; Chamera; Manipur: Loktak; UK: Dhauli ganga; Tanakpur; MP: Onkareshwar; Indira sagar; Orissa: Balimela, Tamil Nadu: Kundoh; Sikkim: Rangit; River Teesta CHAMBAL RIVER DAM It flows in three state (MP, Rajasthan, UP). [City on bank: Gwalior, Dhaulpur & Kota] (a) Gandhi Sagar Dam; (b) Jawahar Sagar Dam; (c) Rana Pratap Sagar Dam NARMADA RIVER Origin: Narmada Kund at Amarkantak, situated in the Maikal Range It flows in RIFT Valley, flowing west between the Satpura and Vindhyachal range. It passes through 3 states (MP, Maharashtra and Gujarat). FALLS: Dhuandhara Falls and Bhedaghat Falls (MP); DAM: Sardar Sarovar Dam. RESERCH INSTITUTES RESEARCH INSTITUTE HQ ICRISAT (International Crop Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics), INCOIS, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, CCMB हैदराबाद HILLS/MOUNTAINS in INDIA 1) Karakoram > Ladakh > LEH > Zaskar > Great Himalayan > Pirpanzal > Shivalik 2) Hills in Arunachal Pradesh (Top to bottom): Mishmi hills > Abor hills > Miri hills > Dafla hills. 3) Garo > Khasi > Jayantia > Mikir 4) Mountains from bottom to up: Cardamom < Anamalai < Nilgiri < Shevaroy < Javadi < Palkonda < Nallamalai. 5) Laimatol range situated in Manipur; 6) Lushai hills situated in Mizoram. 7) Aravali (Oldest): Relict Mountain, Raisheema hills in Delhi, highest peak: Guru sikhar at Mt. Abu. 8) Satpura: largest Block mountain of India, highest peak: Panchmani in Doopgarh ORIGIN OF RIVER CAUVERY: Kaveripattanam near Brahmagiri in Karnataka. (Karnataka, Kerala, TN). KRISHNA: Mahabaleshwar Maharashtra GODAVARI: Trimbak Maharashtra TAPTI: Multai Madhya Pradesh CHAMBAL: Vindhyachal MP. NARMADA, SON: Amarkantak MP MAHANADI: Raipur, Odisa INDUS: Tibet plateau Shyok, SATLUJ: Tibet plateau BRAHMAPUTRA: Tibet plateau JHELUM: Sheshnag lake, J&K CHENAB: RAVI: BEAS: VAIGAI: Cardamom hills OIL REFINERIES IN INDIA [18] 1) Digboi, Assam (Oldest) 2) Naharkatiya 3) Guwahati 4) Bongaigaon 5) Moungram, WB 6) Haldia, WB 7) Vishakhapatnam, AP 8) Chennai 9) Nagappattinam, TN 10) Kochi, Kerala 11) Mangalore, Karnataka 12) Trombay 13) Mumbai high 14) Jamnagar 15) Koyali, Gujrat (Largest) 16) Mathura 17) Barauni 18) Panipat Druzhba pipeline is the world's longest oil pipeline. BTC Pipeline (2PndP largest): (Baku, Azerbaijan ‐ Tbilisi, Georgia ‐ Ceyhan, Turkey); 1768 km pipeline from the Azeri‐Chirag‐Guneshli oil field in the Caspian Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. ������ Navin Shukla P a g e | 11 Monday, May 18, 2015 NATIONAL WATER WAYS NW‐1: Allahabad to Haldia (1620 km) NW‐2: Sadia to Dhubri (891 km) NW‐3: Killam to Kottapuram NW‐4: Kurnool Cudappah to Pondicherry canal NW‐5: Talechar to Dhamara NW‐6: Barak Valley Manipur to Assam o Inland Waterways Authority Of India, Noida NATIONAL HIGHWAY NH‐1: Delhi to Amritsar NH‐2: Delhi to Kolkata NH‐3: Agra to Mumbai NH‐4: Mumbai to Chennai NH‐5: Kolkata to Chennai (Eastern corridor) NH‐6: Surat to Kolkata ; [Parallel to tropic of cancer] NH‐7: Varanasi to Kanyakumari [Longest] NH‐8: Delhi to Mumbai (urbanized district) NH‐15: North corridor in Rajasthan dessert NH‐17: Western corridor from Mumbai to Mangalore PIPELINE NETWORK 1) Nahar katia‐Noonmati‐Baruni pipeline 2) Kandala‐Batinda pipeline 3) Bombay High‐Ankleshwar‐Koyali‐Mumbai pipeline 4) Chennai‐Trichi‐Madurai pipeline 5) Salaya‐Koyali‐Mathura 6) Chennai‐Bangluru‐Manglore 7) Mathura‐Delhi‐Ambala‐Jalandhar pipeline 8) Vishakhapatnam‐ Vijayawada 9) HBJ pipeline (Hajira‐Bijapur‐Jagdishpur) NUCLEAR POWER CORPORATION INDIA LIMITED [7 plant] Northern India Western India Southern India 1) Narora, Bulandsahar UP 1) Tarapur, Thane 1) Kalpakkan, Kanchipuram 2) Rawatbhata, Rajasthan 2) Kakrapar, Surat 2) Kudankulam, Tirunelveli 3) Kaiga, Karnataka JOINT MILITARY EXERCISE Nomadic Elephant India‐Mongolia Military Ekuverin India‐Maldives military Varuna India‐France Naval Garuda sakti India‐Indonesia military Indra India‐Russia Malabar India‐US Indradhanush India‐UK Air force Yudhabhyas India‐US Garuda India‐France air force Vajra prahar India‐US Konkan India‐UK Naval Surya Kiran India‐Nepal Sampriti India‐Bangladesh Eastern bridge India‐Oman air Force Shakti India‐France army Bold kurukshetra India‐Singapore army NATIONAL PORTS [13 major; 6 West, 7 East includes 1 Corporate Port] WESTERN PORTS EASTERN PORTS 1) Kandla (child of partition) Tidal Port 2) Mumbai (busiest and biggest) 3) Jawaharlal Nehru Port [Nhava Sheva] 4) Marmugao (naval base also) 5) Mangalore (exports Kudremukh iron‐ore) 6) Kochi Port or Cochin (Natural Harbour) 1) Kolkata‐Haldia (Riverine port) 2) Paradip (exports raw iron to Japan) 3) Vishakjapatnam (Deepest Landlocked protected port) 4) Kamarajar/Ennore (most modern‐in private hands) 5) Chennai (Oldest and artificial) 6) Tuticorin/ V.O.Chidambaram Port (southernmost) 7) Port Blair (2010) **2 New Proposed Sea Ports at SAGAR in West Bengal and DUGARAJAPATNAM in Nellore (AP). NATURALLY FOUND SPECIES IN INDIA One horned Rhinos: Assam (Manas & Kaziranga National park) Charles Darwin frog: Andaman & Nicobar Elvira rat: Eastern Ghat of Tamil Nadu Flying squirrel: Namdapha in Arunachal Pradesh Hoolock gibbons: North‐East India Jerdons courser: A Nocturnal Bird in Eastern Ghat Lion tailed macaque: Naturally found in Silent valley situated in Western Ghats. Indian wild ass: Runn of kutch, Gujrat Pygmy hog: Manas wildlife sanctuaries The white bellied herons: Eastern Himalayas ������ Navin Shukla P a g e | 12 Monday, May 18, 2015 FOOD CROPS FOOD CROPS BOARD STATES Wheat Karnal Uttar Pradesh Punjab Haryana Rice Patna West Bengal Andhra Pradesh Uttar Pradesh Pulse(Gram/Tur) Kanpur Maharashtra Madhya Pradesh Andhra Pradesh Bajra/Jowar/Ragi Maharashtra (51%) Karnataka Madhya Pradesh Barley/Maize Andhra Pradesh Karnataka Rajasthan Oilseeds Gurgaon Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Gujarat Fibre crops Jute Kolkata West Bengal (74%) Bihar Assam Cotton Nagpur Maharashtra Plantation Coffee Bengaluru Karnataka Rubber Kottayam Kerala Tea Kolkata Assam (51%) West Bengal (24%) TN (16%) Sugarcane Kanpur Uttar Pradesh (36%) Maharashtra Tamil Nadu Tobacco Guntur Andhra Pradesh Uttar Pradesh Gujarat Spices Kerala Kerala only Groundnut Junagarh Gujarat MINES IN INDIA/WORLD Coal 1. CG 2. Raniganj, WB 3. Dhanbad, Jharkhand Shansi‐Paotow area, china Ruhr, Germany Leicestershire, UK MICA 1. Bihar 2. Rajasthan SILVER 1. BAUXITE 1. Weipa, Australia ZINC 1. Rampura Agucha, Rajasthan (World's largest)2. Debari zinc smelter Rajasthan. ALUMINUM 1. Damanjodi alumina refinery Orissa GOLD 1. Hutti Belt Mines In Karnataka 2. Kolar Gold Field Karnataka 3. Ramgiri Gold field Andhra Pradesh 4. East Singhbhum, Jharkhand Witwatersrand, South Africa (largest) Kalgoorlie mine (Australia) COPPER 1. Malanjkhand, Madhya Pradesh (Largest Base Metal Mine) 2. Khetri Copper Mine, Rajasthan (Largest Copper Mine) 3. Taloja copper mines, Maharashtra 4. Jharkhand IRON ORE 1. Hospet area, Karnataka (HIGH GRADE IRON ORE only) 2. Donimalai Bellary, Karnataka, 3. Bailadila Bastar, Chhattisgarh. DIAMOND 1. Majhgawan Panna, Madhya Pradesh Kimberley, South Africa (largest)Coolgardie, Australia URANIUM 1. Singhbhum shear zone including Jaduguda, Jharkhand (9 mines) 2. Kyelleng‐Pyndengsohiong, Mawtahbah uranium project, Meghalaya 3. Tummalapalle Uranium Project, AP 4. Lambapur‐Peddagattu region in the Nalgonda district of Telengana Kimberley plateau, Australia THORIUM 1. Malabar (Eastern coastal state), Andhra Pradesh ������ Navin Shukla P a g e | 13 Monday, May 18, 2015 BANKING TERMS (status on 5th December 2014) REPO RATE is the rate at which the central bank of a country lends money to commercial banks in the event of any shortfall of funds. Repo rate is used by monetary authorities to control inflation. 7.50% REVERSE REPO RATE 7% CASH RESERVE RATIO (CRR): amount that commercial banks require to maintain in form of gold/govt. approved security before providing credit to customer. RBI doesn’t pay interest on it. 4% BANK RATE AND MARGINAL STANDING FACILITY(MSF) 9% STATUTORY LIQUIDITY RATIO (SLR) refers amount that the commercial banks require to maintain in the form of gold or govt. approved securities before providing credit to the customers. 22% EFFECT ON INFLATION Liquidity Inflation Growth Repo rate Increases Reverse repo rate Increases CRR Increases Bank rate Decreases BASAL NORMS (Banking sector) Capital adequacy ratio (CAR) / CRAR (Capital to risk weighted asset ratio) = ࢀࢋ࢘ ࢉࢇ࢚ࢇ ା ࢀࢋ࢘ ࢉࢇ࢚ࢇࡾ࢙ ࢝ࢋࢍࢎ࢚ࢋࢊ ࢇ࢙࢙࢙ࢋ࢚ BASAL III Norms: Tier 1—6% and CRAR—9% MUD`A BANK (Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency) 1. Statutory body 2. Serve the financial needs of small entrepreneurs 3. Act as a regulator for Micro‐Finance Institutions (MFIs). AGRICULTURE (a) KHARIF (beginning of SW monsoon): Jowar, Bajara, Rice, Maize, Cotton, Jute, Groundnut, Tobacco. (b) RABI (Oct‐April): Wheat, Barley, Gram, Linseed, Mustard, Massor, Peas, Potatos. (c) India’s ranking 1st in the world: Jute, Pulse, Fruits, and Milk. (d) India Ranking 2nd in Sugarcane and Sugar. (e) China ranking 1st in Rice, Wheat, Ground nut, Rapeseed & Mustard, Cotton, Tea, Tobacco. (f) USA in first: Maize, Soyabean (Protein > 52%). (g) Natural Rubber: India ranks 3rd in production & 4th in consumption while Malaysia is the largest producer. WORLD HAPPINESS REPORT (UN): Published by the Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN). SWITZERLAND 001 (Highest) INDIA 117 TOGO 158 (Lowest) ENVIROMENTAL DEMOCRACY INDEX (The Access Institute & World Resource Institute) LITHUANIA 1 INDIA 24 ECONOMICAL PLANS 1) Planned economy for India – Dr. Vishveshwaraiya (1934) 2) Bombay plan – John Mathai (1944) 3) Gandhian plan – Sriman Narayana (1944) 4) Peoples plan – M N Roy (1945) 5) Sarvodaya plan – Jai Prakash Narayana (1950) 6) Planning commission (1952) 7) NITI Aayog (2014) 5 YEARS PLANS IN INDIA 12th (2012 ‐ 2017): Faster, Sustainable and More Inclusive Growth ������ Navin Shukla P a g e | 14 Monday, May 18, 2015 DIFFERENCE AMONG BACTERIA, VIRUS, ALGAE, FUNGI & LICHEN Bacteria Virus Algae Fungi Lichen It can float in air and live on icy mountain tops. It has no chlorophyll. It obtain nourishment from living/Dead organic material. They live inside host cell of living body. Antibiotics have no effect on virus as they don’t have metabolism of their own. Three types of virus: Animal virus (RNA & DNA), Plant virus (RNA) and bacterial virus (DNA). Algae are green and have chlorophyll. It fixes atmospheric nitrogen into useful compound, used as fertilizer. Algae are autotrophic. Non green, Non chlorophyll, Heterotrophic, No definite tissue. E.g.: Mushroom, Yeast, Moulds, Puff balls, Toad balls. It is a combination of an algae & Fungi. Algae manufacture food. Fungus provides water and mechanical protection. It found on bark of trees and on rocks. PROTOZOAN DISEASES Malaria: Bite of FEMALE ANOPHELES MOSQUITO [RBC & Liver] Visceral Leismaniasis (KALA AJAR): Bite of SAND FLY [Affected organ: Bone marrow] Sleeping sickness: Bite of TSE‐TSE FLY (mostly in rural area) [Brain] Diarrhea: Bite of HOUSE FLY [Affected organ: Intestine] VIRAL DISEASE Rabies, Rubella (German measles) AIDS [Elisha Test], Poliomyelitis, Chickenpox, Mumps, Small Pox, Measles (Khasra), Influenza, Yellow Fever, Hepatitis, SARS, Chikungunia. BACTERIAL DISEASE [Discovered by Van leeuwenhoek] Cholera, Gonorrhea, Diphtheria, Tuberculosis, Typhus, Tetanus, Typhoid [Widal Test], Meningitis, Pneumonia, Botulism or food poisoning and Syphilis. Typhoid fever spread through contaminated food, drink, or water. FUNGI DISEASE Heyfever, Athlete’s Foot, Ringworm. ENDOCRINE GLANDS [Hormones secretions directly into blood without duct] 1) Pineal: Vestigial organ. 2) Pituitary: Smallest gland, called as master gland, secrets Growth hormone & Oxytocin hormone 3) Thyroid: 4) Thymus: Disappear during old age. Vestigial organ 5) Pancreas: [Islets of Langerhans] 6) Adrenal: Gland (Control Sugar Metabolism, Salt Retaining, Sex Hormones, Source of Energy). It is located superior to KIDNEY. 7) Ovary & Testis: CELL ORGANELLES Cell wall Made up of cellulose and Chitin. Cell membrane Known as plasma membrane. Made of protein and Lipid. Protoplasm It is physical basis of life; 99% of it made of C, H, O, N. Nucleus Discovered by Robert Brown, contains 1) Chromatin (DNA); 2) Nucleolus (RNA). Ribosome Contains RNA; A site for Protein Synthesis. Lysosome Digestive bag and as well as suicide bag. Endoplasmic reticulum Metabolism. Golgi complex Formation of Lysosome & peroxisomes. Mitochondria Contains DNA; Power House of cell; Energy stored in form of ATP. Plastids Found in PLANT CELL only; contains DNA; synthesizes FAT, Starch, and Protein. VITAMIN‐B {soluble in Water}, [Vitamin term was invented by FUNK] B1 Thiamine Beriberi B2 Riboflavin Glossaries, keratitis B3 Niacin Pellagra, 4S syndrome B5 Pantothenic Acid Early aging B6 Pyridoxine Dermatitis B7 Biotin Muscular pain, growth failure B9 Folic Acid Macrocytic Anemia B12 Cynocobalamine Pernicious Anemia ������ Navin Shukla P a g e | 15 Monday, May 18, 2015 AortaLeft ventricle Mistral/ Bicuspid valve Left atrium Pulmonary veinsLUNGS Pulmonary artery Right ventricle Tricuspid valve Right Atrium (Pace maker) IMPURE BLOOD EXOCRINE GLANDS [with duct] Liver, Pancreas, Sweat, salivary. HEART: DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OF HUMAN Mouth Ptyalin digests the starch and converts it into Maltose (Disaccharide). Alimentary Canal Serosa, Muscularis (Inner circular, Outer Longitudinal), Submucosa, Mucossa Stomach Mainly Protein synthesis takes place. Absorption of simple sugar, Alcohol and medicine. Anatomical region of Human stomach consists of Cardiac, Fundus and Pyloric. In Stomach Gastric juice contains Enzyme: Pepsin and Renin. Small Intestine Three regions: Duodenum (U shape), Ileum, Jejunum. In Ileum Succus Entericus consists of Enzyme: Sucrase, Maltase & Lactase. Large Intestine It consists of Caecum; Ascending colon, transverse colon, Descending colon, Rectum GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS The Big Four: Soybean, Maize, Rapeseed and Cotton. MINERALS Major: C, Mg, O, N, K, P, Ca, S, H Minor: Zn, Mn, Mo, B, Fe, Cu, Cl IMPORTANT DAYS World meteorological day: 23rd March World telecommunication day: 17th May Human right day: 10th December National technology day: 11th May National science day: 28th Feb Teachers day: 5th September Earth day: 22nd April Ozone day: 16th September Environment day: 5th June Good governance day: 25th December World Yoga day: 21st June National unity day: 31st Oct FAMOUS AUTHOR & HIS BOOKS V S NAIPAUL: A million mutinies now, In a free state, The enigma of arrival, Bend of river, House of Mr. Biswas SALMAN RUSHDIE: Midnight children, Satanic verses ARVIND ADIGA: White tiger, Last man in tower, Between the assassination KIRAN DESAI: Inheritance of loss ARUNDHATI RAI: SHASHI THAROOR: JASWANT SINGH: AMARTYA SEN: PRANAB MUKHERJEE: NARENDRA MODI: Listening to grasshopper India Shastra: Reflections on the Nation in Our Time India at risk The Idea of Justice Beyond survival, The Dramatic Decade: The Indira Gandhi Years RENEWABLES 2014 GLOBAL STATUS‐TOTAL CAPACITY/GENERATION WIND SOLAR THERMAL HYDRO POWER GEOTHERMAL BIOPOWER WIND Geothermal 1st China Spain China USA USA Gujrat, Tamil Nadu 1. Chhattisgarh 2. Gujarat 3. Andhra 4. West Bengal 2nd USA USA 3rd Germany UAE 4th Spain INDIA 5th India Algeria INDIA ������ Navin Shukla P a g e | 16 Monday, May 18, 2015 NEW/OLD NAME OF CITIES/COUNTRIES Indonesia: East Dutch indies Spanish guinea: Equatorial guinea Salisbury: Harare Dutch Guiana: Surinam Nyasaland: Malawi Abyssinia: Ethiopia Ellice Island: Tuvalu Northern Rhodesia: Zambia Basutoland: Lesotho Dahomey: Benin Batavia: Jakarta Southern Rhodesia: Zimbabwe Southwest Africa: Namibia Christiana: Oslo Formosa: Taiwan SASTRIYA LANGUAGES 1) Odiya (14) 2) Malayalam (13) 3) Telugu (08) 4) Kannada (08) 5) Tamil 6) Sanskrit TENIS GRAND SLAM 2014 Winner (Singles Men and singles Women) 1) French open (Rolland Garros) Maria Sharapova, Russia Rafael Nadal, Spain (9); Total 14 2) Wimbledon Novak Djokovic, Serbia 3) Australian Open Serena Williams (6th); Total 19 Novak Djokovic (Serbia)India’s Leander Paes and Swiss Martina Hingis (Mixed Doubles) TYPES OF PRECIPITATION (1 to 5 only) a) Fog: Night and Morning condensation. b) Dew: night and morning condensation c) Mist: evening condensation d) Frost: occur in tropical and subtropical area e) Rime: occur in sub polar area 1) Rain fall: droplet diameter > 0.5 mm 2) Snow fall: 3) Hails: water and Ice together (Tropical & Subtropical region) 4) Drizzle: droplet diameter < 0.5 mm 5) Sleet: water and ice together in cold climate area INDIA‐GENERAL VIEW 1) 8° 4’ North to 37° 6’ North and 68° 7’ East to 97° 25’ East. NEW DELHI [28° N and 77° E] 2) NATIONAL ANTHAM: 27th Dec 1911 at Kolkata meeting, Tatwa Bodhini, 1912; English Translation from “The Morning song of India” by Rabindra Nath Tagore; constitutionally accepted at 24th Jan 1950. 3) INDIAN POST OFFICE started by Lord Clive in 1766. 4) DIEMOS (MARS): Smallest moon of Solar system 5) Total numbers of Islands in Lakshadweep is 36. ISRO PSLV C‐23 1) Launched from Satish Dhawan Space Center Shar, Sriharikota. 2) It carries other satellite viz. SPOT‐7 (Russia), AISAT (Germany), NLS 7.1 & NLS 7.2 (Canada) and VELOX‐1 (Singapore). 3) Solid propellant: Hydroxyl Terminated Poly Butadiene (HTPB) 4) Liquid propellant: UH‐25 + N2O4 and Mono Methyl Hydrazine + Mixed Oxide Of Nitrogen MOM Mars Orbital Mission, 24th September 2014. NASA Orbiting Carbon Observatory‐2 (OCO‐2) NASA’s Orbiting Carbon Observatory‐2 satellite is now in orbit after launching at from Vandenberg Air Force Station, California. OCO‐2 is NASA’s first mission dedicated to studying ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE, the leading human‐produced greenhouse gas driving changes in Earth’s climate. Curiosity Mars science lab ISS Hubble Cassini Saturn secrets MESSENGER Mapping and investigating Mercury. VOYAGE 1 & 2 Exploring the outer solar system. IRRIGATION STATUS IN INDIA 1. CANAL 40 % (Punjab, UP) 3. TANK/POND 14.50 % (Andhra , Karnataka) 2. TUBE WELL 37.80 % (Maharashtra, Raj) 4. OTHERS 7.7 % CHIEF OF VARIOUS ORGANISATION Attorney General of India: Mukul Rohatgi [Article 76] Comptroller and Auditor General: Shashi Kant Sharma [Article 148] Chief Election Commissioner: Zaidi [Article 327] National Human Rights Commission: K.G Balakrishnan National Commission for Woman: Mamta Sharma ������ Navin Shukla P a g e | 2 Monday, May 18, 2015 Chief Information Commissioner: Finance Commission, Chairman: Y.V. Reddy [Article 280] ISRO, chairman: A.S. Kiran Kumar SEBI chairman: Kshatrapati Shivaji Supreme Court Chief Justice of India: R M Lodha [Article ] Chief of Research and Analysis Wing (RAW): Rajinder khanna Chief of Intelligence Bureau (IB): Dineshwar sharma Chief of CBI: Anil Sinha Telecom Regulatory Authority of India: Rahul Khullar Central Vigilance Commissioner of India: EUROPEAN UNION (28 member) CROATIA: 28th Member of European Union. ICELAND European country on 12th March 2015 withdrew its bid to join the 28‐nation European Union. GOVERNORS OF & SISTER STATES Assam: Shri Padmanabha Balakrishna Acharya (Add. Charge) Meghalaya, WB: Keshari Nath Tripathi Arunachal Pradesh: Shri J.P. Rajkhowa Nagaland: Shri Padmanabha Balakrishna Acharya Manipur: Dr. Syed Ahmed Mizoram: Lt. General (Retd.) Nirbhay Sharma Tripura: Shri Tathagata Roy Chairman Sangeet Natak Akademi (SNA) Shekhar Sen Chief justice of J&K Mohammad Yaqoob Mir Vice Chairman of Policy Commission Arvind Panagariya CEO of NITI Aayog Shindushree Khullar Hindustani Awam Morcha Jitan Ram Manjhi Miss World 2014 Rolene Strauss, South Africa INTERNATIONAL GAMES Common Wealth Game (CWG) Australia gold coast (2018) Durban, South Africa (2022) Olympic Rio de Janerio (2016) 21st FIFA world cup Russia (2018) 23rd Winter Olympics Pyeongchang, South Korea (2018) ICC T20 world cup 2016 India (2016) GAMES‐2015 Trophy Winner Hopman cup winner Poland Ranji trophy Karnataka Hero women’s Hockey World League Round‐2 India MEETINGS HELD IN INDIA 19th National youth festival Guwahati, Assam National science congress 3‐7 Jan 2016: University of Mysore 3‐7 Jan 2015: University of Mumbai, Mumbai Important Domestic efficient lighting program In Delhi for replacement of LED (Rs 130) The Indian neutrino observatory Bodi west hills at pottipuram theni district in TN Vistara Airline joint venture between Tata and Singapore airlines TEIXOBACTIN Antibiotics for bacterial disease Vikram sarabhai award 2015 M Y S prashad PERSON IN NEWS ATUL KHARE: Indian diplomat was appointed as Under‐Secretary‐General in a department of the United Nations (UN) JUSTICE S K SINHA: The first Hindu to be appointed as the Chief Justice of Bangladesh ������ Navin Shukla P a g e | 2 Monday, May 18, 2015 AVINASH CHANDER: The Director General of Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), who was sacked from his post on 13 January 2015 by the Union Govt. BHAKTI SHARMA: Indian open water swimmer set a world record by swimming 1.4 miles in 52 minutesin one degree temperature at Antarctic Ocean. STEPHEN HAWKING: Biopic movie “The Theory of Everything”, which was released in India on 16 January 2015, is based on the life of which renowned international physicist. SHUBHAM BANERJEE: The name of the 13‐year old Indian‐American student who recently became the youngest entrepreneur in Silicon Valley (US) as he launched a company to develop low‐ cost machines to print Braille. PAULINA VEGA, COLOMBIA Miss Universe for 2015 at Miami in (United States). Malavath Poorna 13‐year old Indian girl, who on 25 May 2014 created history by becoming the youngest ever woman to scale the Mount Everest. FACTS 1. Gibbon, Gorilla, Orangutaon, Chimpanzee, Lemurs, Louises are come under primates. 2. Consolidated funds of India (Article 266) all executive salaries come from this fund with permission of parliament. 3. Fern/Moss can’t reproduce seeds. Fig/Pine can reproduce the seeds. 4. Half‐life period: Carbon‐14 (5370 years); Plutonium‐239 (2400 years); Radium‐266 (1600 years); Uranium‐ 238 (4.7 billion years). 5. Potassium is not structural component of plant. 6. Ideologies has class‐struggle of its doctrine is a part of socialism or maxicism. 7. Ringworm is caused by microsporum fungi. It is transmitted unbathed cats and dog. 8. Himalayas are formed due to compressional forces. So that these are called tertiary fold mountains. 9. Vindhya/Satpura mountains are formed due to tensional forces these are called faulting mountains. 10. Cellulose, woodpulp, water are important raw material of paper. 11. During the period of recession interest rates and taxes should be reduces but expenditure on public projects increased. 12. World Tsunami centre set up at Honululu (Hawain Island) while Indian Tsunami centre INCOIS set up at Hyderabad A.P. 13. D.D.T is an insecticide; Malathion, Methyl bromide are a pesticides; 2, 4‐D is a weedicide 4D means Dinoseb. 14. Bateriophase (Virus that infect bacteria), N.P.V both are useful viruses for Humans. 15. First Estate – Legislature; Second Estate – Executive; Third Estate – Judiciary; Fourth Estate – Press 16. Lichen is not a single organ. It is a stable symbiotic association between a fungus & algae. 17. The ultimate stage of communism is withering away from the stage. 18. In parliamentary form of governance, the executive is responsible to legislature. 19. Zero Hours is the time between question hours and the next item of agenda. 20. The most urbanized state: TN 21. In crustaceans, the metallic base of respiratory pigment is copper. 22. Circadian rhythm is related to biological clock. 23. Biotin: peer to peer digital currency. 24. Luni River drains into run of Kutch. 25. Somatic cell nuclear transfer is related to reproductive cloning. 26. Polymerase reaction chain is related to …….. 27. National Chambal sanctuary is spread over three states. 28. Manufacturing of biodegradable plastic by ……. Oxo‐biodegradable plastic is conventional Polyolefin plastic to which small amounts of salts have been added. These are NOT heavy metals. At the end of the useful life of the product these salts catalyse the natural degradation process in the presence of oxygen (i.e. NOT deep in landfill) to cause the molecular breakdown of the polyolefins. The process continues until it is no longer a plastic, and has become a biodegradable material. What was the name of the major exercise conducted by the Indian Navy in Rajasthan on 26 April 2015 in Rajasthan that aimed to test a new generation of weaponry and platforms in desert region? – “Akraman‐II” AFRICA (33): MATLE SE DSKTM‐SA13‐NAZ CG‐EQ.GUINEA19‐CNB TGIL‐SIERE LEONE27‐GB GSMW. SOUTH AFRICA: Port Nolloth > Cape Town > Cape Of Good Hope > Cape Agulhas > Port Elizabeth > East London > Durban AUSTRALIA: (BSC MA PHD): Brisbane, Sydney, Canberra, Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth, Hobart, and Darwin. MERS(middle east respiratory sindrom): virus; country effected wad Saudi Arab Vietnam refused to participate in Asian games 2019. Area wise smallest state in India is: Goa (smallest) < Sikkim < Tripura < Nagaland < Mizoram.[GSTNM] Number of player in each side in basketball: 5 In heat budget +48 is the energy, ‐35 is Albedo, and 17 is diffused day light. ALBEDO is maximum for TUNDRA forest, BLACK soil, DEAD Sea, ICE, Siro stratus. Fresh water lakes are: 1) Barapani , 2) Loktak, Manipur; 3) Kolleru ������ Navin Shukla P a g e | 2 Monday, May 18, 2015 Presidents died in offices: Dr. Zakir Hussain, Fakruddin Ali Ahmad. Acting presidents of India: Justice M. Hidayatullah, V.V. Giri, B D Jatti. [V.V. Giri: President from 1969‐74.] ANTICIPATION INDIA‐THE BEST OF NATIONAL INTEREST written by SHEKHAR GUPTA SAVANA in Brazil called CAMPOS. HF is used for Itching of glass. The fertilizer Nitrolym is [CaCN2+C]. There are 3 countries belonging to the Baltic group – Estonia (2011), Latvia (2014) and Lithuania (2015). On 1st January 2015 Lithuania will become the 19PthP European country to adopt Euro as its currency. The General Elections 2014 for the constitution of 16PthP Lok Sabha recorded a poll percentage of 66.38%. Laxman Aelay designed this logo which features Charminar and decorated Gateway from the Kakatiya dynasty: First Indian to win an Oscar award: Bhanu Athaiya. Boundary touches Myanmar: “ARUNA MAMI” (Arunanchal, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram) Boundary touches Bhutan: "SAAB": Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, West Bengal G.P.R.S may be used in place of Harappa civilization places: Gujrat, Punjab, Rajasthan, and Sind. B‐PARTY: 1) Brahmo Samaj, 2) Prarthana Samaj, 3) Arya Samaj, 4) Ramkrishan Mission, 5) Theosiphical Society, 6) Young Bengal Movement all are in chronically. The Jayaprakash Narayan National Centre for Excellence in Humanities, that was proposed in the Union Budget 2014‐15, would be established in which state? – Madhya Pradesh SISTER CITY PACT: Foster exchange between Mumbai and Shanghai. Born again on the Mountain ‐The book released by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 12 December 2014, is a book on the life struggle of Arunima Sinha, first female amputee to climb Mt. Everest. India on 20 December 2014 exported its first warship – CGS Barracuda to Mauritius made by GRSE. IFCI to become Government Company. Industrial Finance Corporation of India was set up in 1948 as a Statutory Corporation under the Industrial Finance Corporation Act, 1948. Non plan expenditure: defense expenditure, interest payments, salaries & pension, subsidies. Coral reef in India: A&N islands, Gulf of Kutch, Gulf of Manner. Worst Ebola virus affected three countries: Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia. BRENT CRUDE OIL: Sweet light crude oil [Low sulfur (0.37%), Low density]; Found in North Sea comprise four: Brent Blend, Forties Blend, Oseberg and Ekofisk. The reason given for around 1.5% increase in carbon emission in 2013 is Introduction of new routes for airlines and overall increase in aircraft movement. Who was named as the new Indian Ambassador to the United States to replace S. Jaishankar? – Arun Singh What is the name of the Programme launched by the Election Commission of India (ECI) from 3 March 2015 with the aim of bringing a totally error free and authenticated electoral roll and linking it with Aadhar data of UIDAI? – “National Electoral Roll Purification and Authentication Programme” – NERPAP A ban on slaughter of cows and the sale and consumption of beef was imposed in Maharashtra state. The Villarrica volcano is situated in Chile. 600 MW of Shree Singaji Thermal Power Plant, situated in Madhya Pradesh at Dongaliya (Khandwa) The Selma incident is often called as “Bloody Sunday”, the passing of the historic Voting Rights Act. The first indigenously developed and manufactured rotavirus vaccine (diarrhea): ROTAVAC KVIC is a statutory body engaged in promoting and developing khadi and village industries. Two public sector undertakings (PSUs) were added to the list of sick PSUs– Air India and MTNL The powerful storm that hit the South Pacific Ocean on 14 March 2015 to bring heavy destruction in the island nation of Vanuatu? –Cyclone Pam Which country contributed the highest FDI during the April‐January period of the current fiscal as disclosed by the DIPP on 18 March 2015? – Mauritius Tizen: Samsung Electronics Co.’s own smartphone operating system. India’s first CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) based dual fuel train flagged off from Rewari (Haryana) runs between (Rewari to Rohtak & Rewari to Bikaner). What is the name of the seed trust that was set up by the Union Government during January 2015 to promote more exploration of non‐coal minerals and meet the growing needs of the domestic steel, aluminium, copper and other utilities? – National Mineral Exploration Trust (NMET) What is the name of a controversial book on Congress President Sonia Gandhi’s life by Spanish author Javier Moro that was unofficially banned in India for almost last 7 years and has been released recently? – “The Red Saree” The first of its kind 3‐day Tribal Food Festival‐2015 was inaugurated on 16 January 2015. This festival is being organised in which city? – Delhi Who won the men‟s and women‟s singles title in the senior National Table Tennis Championships that concluded at Puducherry on 18 January 2015? – Soumyajit Ghosh(Men‟s title) and Mouma Das (Women‟s title) Pankaj Advani won his seventh Senior National Billiards Championship title by winning the Nationals held at Kolkata on 17 January 2015. Whom he defeated in the final? – Dhruv Sitwala Union Ministry for Water Resources would celebrate year 2015‐16 as which year to spread the message the message of water conservation as announced on 17 January 2015? – “Jal Kranti Varsh” (Water Revolution Year) Prime Minister Narendra Modi unveiled the “Beti Bachao Beti Padhao” campaign on 22 January 2015. This campaign was launched from which district of Haryana which has amongst the lowest child sex ratios in the country? – Panipat ������ Navin Shukla P a g e | 3 Monday, May 18, 2015 Top seed Saina Nehwal defeated the reigning World Badminton singles champion in the women‟s singles final of the Syed Modi International Grand Prix Badminton Championships in Lucknow to win the title on 25 January 2015. What is the name of this world champion whom Sania defeated in the finals? – Carolina Marin (Spain) Who won the men‟s singles title of the $120,000 Syed Modi International Grand Prix Badminton Championship on 25 January 2015 that was held at Lucknow? – P. Kashyap (India) Dubai International Airport: world’s busiest international airport 2004 BL86: the asteroid that flew past the Earth on 26 January 2015. Juno: the winter snow storm that hit the northeastern states of the United Stateson 26 and 27 January 2015 that resulted in huge amount of snowfall and shutting down of public transport and cancellations of thousands of flights. U.S. space agency NASA on 27 January 2015 announced the discovery a star that is 11.2 billion years old and has at least five Earth‐size planets. What is the name given to this star, whose discovery could point to the existence of alien life? – Kepler‐444 During January 2015, excavations at which two Harappan sites in India was started as announced by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI)? – Rakhigarhi (Haryana) and Binjor (Rajasthan) Who took as the new Chairman of Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL) on 31 January 2015? – T. Suvarna Raju What are the names of the two Indians who won the prestigious Grammy Awards, the 57th edition of which was announced on 8 February 2015? – Neela Vasvani and Ricky Kej What is the name of the Indian‐American assistant professor who was awarded the $500,000 National Science Foundation Career award for his breakthrough research on 11 February 2015? – Gurpreet Singh The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on 13 February announced it would soon put in circulation currency notes with the denomination of Re 1. When printing of Re. 1 notes was discontinued by the govt. due to higher printing costs? – November 1994 The first National Tribal Festival of India started from 13 February 2015 at Delhi. What is the name given to this festival which features 900 tribal participants from all over the country? – “Vanaj 2015” The 35th National Games of India concluded on 14 February 2015 at Thiruvananthapuram (Kerala). Which three teams occupied the top three spots in the final medals tally? – Services, Kerala and Haryana Which India‐born executive was appointed as the CEO of accounting giant Deloitte‟s global operations on 15 February 2015? – Punit Renjen Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated Aero India 2015 on 18 February 2015. This exhibition depicting aviation technology and products from all over the world is held biennially in which city? – Bengaluru Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 20 February 2015 flagged‐off the first air‐conditioned express train service between Delhi and Arunachal Pradesh. This train was flagged off from which station which is the only important station of Arunachal Pradesh? – Naharlagun What is the name of the e‐portal that was launched by the Govt. of India on 21 February 2015 to address consular complaints pertaining to the Ministry of External Affairs? – “Madad” Which state would become the first in India to present a “paperless” budget as announced on 23 February 2015?– Himachal Pradesh Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy (MRT): scientific procedure that makes the three‐parent concept