1.October 1823 the ‘detrended’ ring-widthSampling aggregateThe linearstrategies model of tree growthindex2. THE PRINCIPLE OFECOLOGICAL AMPLITUDEA tree species may grow and reproduce over a certain rangeof habitats; that range is described as its ecological amplitude.Trees that grow near the margins or limits of their ecologicalamplitude are o en sensitive to changes in their environment.3. h p://esp.cr.usgs.gov/data/atlas/li le/4. Source: Phil Camill5. Average temperatures are remarkably consistent at treeline locations around the world.Source: Körner and Paulsen, Journal of Biogeography, 20046. THE LAW OF THEMINIMUMGrowth is controlled by the scarcest resource(limiting factor), not the total amount ofresources available7. THE PRINCIPLE OFSITE SELECTIONDendrochronologists should apply the principles oflimiting factors and ecological amplitude to determinewhich trees are most likely to provide information about aspecific environmental signal.8. ecotone a transitional area where one plant community changesinto another, usually caused by changes in the environment suchas changes in elevation or soil characteristics.9. h p://esp.cr.usgs.gov/data/atlas/li le/10. Source: Greg Brooks11. Source: Phil Camill12. h p://esp.cr.usgs.gov/data/atlas/li le/13. Dr. Hal Fri sUniversity of Arizona14. Source: Fritts et al., Ecology, 196515. where do we find old trees?16. Trees can grow anywhere!17. Intermountain bristlecone pine 4,844 yearsSource: Tom Harlan18. h p://esp.cr.usgs.gov/data/atlas/li le/19. Methuselah RidgeSource: Tom Harlan20. Bristlecone comparison photos21. Wind erosion on bristlecone tagSource: Tom Harlan22. Bristlecone vistaAlerce 3,622 yearsSource: Tim Waters23. distribution map ofFITZROYA CUPRESSOIDES24. Giant sequoia 3,266 yearsSource: Julie Jordan Sco25. h p://esp.cr.usgs.gov/data/atlas/li le/26. Source: Byron Hetrick27. Bristlecone vistaCoast redwood 2,200 yearsSource: hoppinjonn28. h p://esp.cr.usgs.gov/data/atlas/li le/29. Source: Brandi Korte30. The Seward oak 330 yr?Source: Ralph Sievert31. White cedar 1452Source: Danny Margoles32. OLDLIST h p://www.rmtrr.org/oldlist.htm33. Eastern OLDLIST h p://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~adk/oldlisteast/34. “ Size ma ers not. Look at me. ”Judge me by my size, do you?Hm? Mmmm. Yoda35. Crown shapefla ened, ‘bonsai’ shape, sparseand open, may be lopsided.36. Branchesfew but large37. Trunk shapecolumnar38. youngest IDEALIZED SILHOUETTES OF middle PONDEROSA PINESoldest good sites poor sitesSource: Huckaby et al., 200339. Dr. Neil Pederson Lamont-Doherty Earth Observation40. Pederson, N. 2010. External characteristicsof old trees in the Eastern Deciduous Forest.Natural Areas Journal 30, 396:407.41. SIXCHARACTERISTICS OF OLD TREESsmooth bark low stem taper high stem sinuositycrowns with few, thick, twisting limbs low crown volumelow ratio of leaf area to trunk volume42. Quercus alba 250 yr, with low ridging on the barkSource: Neil Pederson44. Liriodendron tulipifera ca. 80 yrSource: Neil Pederson45. Liriodendron tulipifera ca. 500 yrSource: Neil Pederson46. Quercus muehlenbergii ca. 399 yr, with a low stem taperSource: A. Wiggs47. Lirodendron tulipifera showing serpentine bole and characteristic crown architectureSource: Neil Pederson48. Quercus muehlenbergii ca. 348 yr, with only a few large branches in its crown.Source: Neil Pederson49. Source: Diane Main50. L. tulipifera with broken crown (le ) and a celery top crown (right)Source: Neil Pederson51. Source: Imagin Extra52. where do we find tree-ring data?53. INTERNATIONALTREE-RINGDATABANKh p://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treering.html54. Exercise!Use Google Earth to review the globaldistribution of tree-ring data.55. THE PRINCIPLE OFCROSS-DATINGTHE PRINCIPLE OFAGGREGATE TREE GROWTHTHE PRINCIPLE OF REPLICATIONSTANDARDIZATIONTHE PRINCIPLE OFECOLOGICAL AMPLITUDETHE PRINCIPLE OFSITE SELECTION56. GEOG8280XT C L AS SNE