Slide 1 Embedded Computer Architecture 5KK73 TU/e 2014 www.es.ele.tue.nl/~heco/courses/EmbeddedComputerArchitecture Henk Corporaal www.es.ele.tue.nl/~heco Slide 2 6/9/2015 Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal2 Embedded Systems Courses We go through all the design steps of a complete multi-processor embedded system –(containing hardware and software) Discuss many design trade-offs 4 connected courses: –Systems on Silicon: 5kk60 –Embedded Processor Architecture: 5kk73 –Multiprocessors: 5kk80 –Embedded System Laboratory: 5kk03 Slide 3 6/9/2015 Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal3 Embedded Processor Architecture Objectives: Study the processing components of future multi- processor platforms, ranging from –highly flexible processors, to –highly computational-efficient processors Learn how to program these platforms and map applications to them Learn how to exploit the (data) memory hierarchy Slide 4 6/9/2015 Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal4 low medium high high medium low flexibility efficiency ASIC GP proc FPGA DSP ASIP Processor design spectrum Slide 5 6/9/2015 Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal5 Your smartphone 3 Watt –1 Watt for digital electronics –1 Watt for radio –1 Watt for the rest Battery: 4 Wh 4G LTE smartphones: 100 Gops / Watt –radio40 Gops –media processing20 Gops –graphics 6.5 Gops 5G LTE advanced: 1Top / Watt 1pJ/op Slide 6 6/9/2015 Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal6 Computational complexity 1 pJ/op Slide 7 6/9/2015 Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal7 Slide 8 How far are we: ARM Cortex-M0+ From: http://www.arm.com/products/processors/cortex-m/cortex-m0plus.php http://www.arm.com/products/processors/cortex-m/cortex-m0plus.php –The most energy efficient ARM processor An optimized architecture with a core pipeline of just two stages, enables the Cortex-M0+ processor to achieve a power consumption of just 9.8µW/MHz (90LP process, minimal configuration), while raising the performance to 2.15 CoreMark/MHz. 6/9/2015 Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal8 Slide 9 System-on-Chip: TI OMAP5430 6/9/2015 Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal9 Slide 10 6/9/2015 Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal10 Topics (1) Basic RISC principles –MIPS example and implementation details –ARM overview VLIW and DSP architectures SIMD architectures GPUs ASIPs and Accelerators MIMD architectures –NoC and MPSoC Compiling code for ILP architectures Slide 11 6/9/2015 Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal11 Topics (2) RTOS Neural Network Architectures Data Memory Management techniques –Loop transformations Student presentations –based on recent articles Slide 12 6/9/2015 Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal12 Lab exercises 1.Exploration: Programming and Exploration using the SiliconHive (Intel) architecture 2.Programming a real MP platform: GPU 3.Program transformations: Optimizing the memory behavior of your program to achieve extreme low power Applying loop transformations Slide 13 6/9/2015 Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal13 Exam and Grading Exam is oral Labexercises can be largely done at home Grading: –30 % theory + –60 % assignments + –10% student presentation Material: –Website http://www.es.ele.tue.nl/~heco/courses/EmbeddedComputerArchitecture http://www.es.ele.tue.nl/~heco/courses/EmbeddedComputerArchitecture –Slides and Handouts (incrementally available_ –Lab material (will be put online) Slide 14 Questions? 6/9/2015 Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal14 Slide 15 6/9/2015 Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal15 Embedded System Architectures on Silicon Application oriented smart devices adaptable, flexible real-time DSP TIVO … implemented in silicon 1 cm 2 1V 1 W 10 Euro not a Pentium but a domain specific and programmable ES Slide 16 6/9/2015 Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal16 Embedded System Architect Applications (DSP) algorithms C/C++, Java Matlab, SDL,... low power analog, robustness/dfm VHDL, Verilog Embedded System Architect is reponsible for a strategic interaction between the different disciplines has a basic knowledge of the different disciplines is a generalist, not a specialist Challenge:permanently confronted with new domains Slide 17 6/9/2015 Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal17 Complexity Complexity depends on the number of different component types (not number of components) different types of interactions lack of structure in the interactions Complexsimple [DeMan] Complexity is different for the architect and for the IC technologist Slide 18 6/9/2015 Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal18 embedded system purpose-built and programmable appliance oriented smart devices multiple hw/sw platforms real-time constraint system adapts to the environment high reliability (no reset button) user friendly deeply embedded software running on limited resources PC general purpose Who “Computes”, anyway ? Single hardware platform ASAP (as soon as possible) env. adapts to the system (wait) lower reliability difficult to use end-user software unlimited resources BUT: both use similar technology e.g. programmable cores, RTOS (e.g. Win-CE) Comparison Slide 19 6/9/2015 Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal19 Embedded Systems: Characteristics safety critical reactive: fast reaction on critical control events portable: weight, power dissipation mobile: network protocols, power dissipation consumer systems: cost, reliability, user friendly interface professional systems: availability, reliability, remote analysis and diagnosis, redundancy multimedia: text, graphics, speech, audio, images and video connected through various standards Slide 20 6/9/2015 Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal20 Where are these embedded systems 70 micro-controllers in a modern high end car: –engine control, –ABS, –airbag, –airco, –interior illumination, –central lock, –alarm, radio, …