University of the Philippines COLLEGE OF LAW CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Course Outline Pr o f. R o wen a Da r c y M o r a les It Scm,., 2007 -2008 PROSECUTION OF OFFENSES A. INSTITUTION OF CRIMINAL ACTIONS 1. Sec. 1, Rule 110 Sec. 1, Rule 112 Sec. 7, Rule 112 Maya us. Parcia, A.M. No. MTJ-04-1547. April 15, 2005. 2. Definition complaint & information Sections 2, 3, and 4, Rule 110 Tumang us. Bautista, G.R. No. L-69098. May 31, 1985. 3. Who must prosecute a. Criminal actions in general Sec. 5 and 16 OCA Cir. No. 39-02, Aug. 21, 2002 Tan, Jr. us. Gallardo, G.R. L-41213-14, Oct., 1976. Crespo V. Mogul, 151 SCPA 462 (1987) Sta. Rosa kf;nlno u.7czbola, G. IR.T-4 '1723. 1%u -.31,1987 Potot us. People, G.R. 1,o. 143547, June 26, 2002 People us. dela Cruz, G.R. No. 135022, July 11, 2002 Rodriguez us. Ponfcrrada, G.R. 155531, Jule 29, 2005 a. Crimes of w Ju,11cry, coiicub.iia-e ~md - chastity RPC Arts. 344 and 360, last paragraph People us. Dela Cerna, G.R. 136S99-904, October 9, 2002 F o : - r n a l r eq u is ites o f a. St t o! Sec. 6, Rule 110 1 l -:0m F; itnfo,,,,:iitiun ja j j f~ 0 [ - in.'- p People us. Quit o,,-, I _q, G.R. No. 121562. Jul- 10, 191-D8 b. Constitutional Basis Art. III, Sec. 14 (2) 1987 Constitution A s L ,- - ry -- u s. People, G .R . N o . 1 15 4 1 3 0 . Au g us t 200' Roco us. Contreras, G.R. No. 153275. June 28, 2005 C Statutory Basis Sec. I (b), Rule 115 People us. Tulin, G.R. No. 111701-71. August 30, 2001 d. Name of the accused Sec. 12, R110 People us. Gueuarra, G.R. 66437. Dec., 1989. e. Designation of offense Sec. 8, R 110 People us. Purisima, 86 SC17ZA 542 Duplicity of offense Sec. 13 People vs. Fernandez, 183 SCRA 5 1 1 People us. Lumilan, G.R. No. 102706, Jan.25, 2000 9. Act or omission complained of 0 (-C. 9 Matilde vs. Jabson, 68 SCRA 456 Bolituan us. CFI, 115 SCRA 729 People us. Calayca, 301 SCRA 192 Place of commission − Sec. 10 Time of commission Sec. 11 h. i. − U. S. us. Javier Dichao, 27 Phil. 42 People us. Molero, 144 SCRA 397 People us. Lualhati, 16 March 1989 − People us. Razonable, 330 SCRA 562 4. Amendment of complaint or information a. Amendment or Substitution, Sec. 14; Relate to Rule 120, Section 4 b. − − − Cases: Almedu us. Villaluz, 66 SCRA 38 People us. Casey, 103 SCRA 21 People us. Reyes, 108 SCRA 203 Dionaldo us. L)acuycuy, 108 SCR-." 73,5 People us. Afedec,!dea, 121 SCRA 733 People us. l,!on!encoro, 159 SCPA 236 5 Interruption of prescriptive period When reckoned - Sec. 1 (1)J, last par., Rule 110 b. Computation of Prescription, 91, p'- 6. Remedy against a defective complaint or information a. b. Amendment − Sec. 14, Rule 110 Motion to Quash − Sec. 4, Rule 117 When defect becomes apparent during trial but before judgment. − Sec. 11, Rule 119 T HE CIVIL ASPECT Civil liabilities that may arise from a criminall act a. b. Revised Penal Code − Art. 100 to 1 13 Damages under the Civil Code − Arts. 32, 33, 34 & 2 176 2 Art. 29 2. Ways of instituting civil actions i n criminal cases a. Without reservation, deemed instituted with criminal action. − Sec. 1 Garcia us. Flon'do, 52 SCRA 420 Separate institution of civil action. ij Waiver of civil action or reservation to institute it separately. Sec. 1 (a) Effect of Waiver b. − (b) (c) − Sec. 1, par. 3 Sec. 1, par. 4 When to reserve Prohibition against double recovery − Sec. 1, par. 5 2) Prior institution of civil action − Sec. 1 (a) When civil action is suspended. − Sec. 2 (a) When civil action may be consolidated with subsequent criminal action − Sec. 2 (a) Naquiczt us. b1c, 164 SCP'-A 505 Separate, Simultaneous 8;, 1:idcj),-,iidcn! Clvill 'ctioils Sec. 2, Rule 111 Sec. 3, Rule 111 Corpus us. Palic, 2S SCPA 1062 Borders us. Cunadollo, 160 SCR--% 37 Pe? es us. J. SC7,-, .n;O' D: /, 141 =!A 20S Aberca us. Vcr, -1 -00 SCP--III S90 − Castillo us. C.A., 176 SCRA 591 − Occerta us. lcu,-ninu, 181 SCRA 32S Effect of Active Participation Bonete us. Zosa, 162 SCRA 173 J.S. u. Leery, 25 Phil. 600 Parker u Panliho, 91 Phil, 1 − Y a k u l t u . C A , 1 9 0 S C R A 3 5 7 111aniago Li. CA, 253, SCRA 674 San, 111decon-so Lines, Inc. u. CA, 28-9 SCRA 568 Effect of extinction of penal action, Sec. 2 − Marcia us. C.A., 120 SCP\-,'A 193 Balmy us. C.A., 211 SCP-A 440 Jorantillu us. C.A., 171 SCRA 429 4. Judgment in civil action not a bar Sec. 4 3 S. Prejudicial question a. Elements Sec. 7 Jimenez u. Aueria, 22 SCRA 380 Rojas u. People, 57 SCRA 243 Ras u. Rasul, 100 SCRA 125 Librado us. Coscol'Liela, 1 16 SCRA 303 Balgos us. Sandiganbayan, 176 SCRA 281 Umali us. I.A.C., 186 SCRA 630 Suspension of Criminal Action Sec. 6 6. Provisional remedies in criminal cases (Rule 127) a. b. Provisional Remedies Sec. 1, Rule 127 Rules on Attachment in Criminal Cases Sec. 2, Rule 127 II. JURISDICTION AND VENUE a. Jurisdiction (i) Regional Trial Court Z~ Sec, 20, 23, 35 and 36. Judiciary Reorganization Act of 1980 (B.P. Blg. 129 as amended) Vc!depe?:a us. People, 16 SCRA 871 People us. Plateros, 83 SCRA 401 People us. Lagon, 185 SC–P-A 442 Circular No. 20 (August 20, 1957) Designation of Certain Branches of the RTC to Handle Exclusively Certain Criminal Cases ',unicip,-d Trial Court Sec. 32, B.P. 1313. 129 Supreme Court Re'so!"Ittion, Oct. 17, 11991 (P,c,,-iscd Rules on Suii.iiiary Pnocc--~uicj Zaldauia us. Reyes, 211 SI–P-n, 277 T -Iatarun-a-n- Pambaranggav − P.D. 1508 − Sec. 2 [31 Sec. 3 Sandiganbayan (PD 1606 as amended by Exec. Order 164, RA 7975 [19951 and 8249 [199 71) Local Government Code of 1991 (RA 71160) Sections 389-422 b. Venue Sec. 15 Lopez us. City Judge, 18 SCRA 616 People us. Yabut, 76 SCRA 624 Agbayani us. Sayo, 89 SCRA 699 Catinguib us. C.A., 121 SCRA 106 4 5 People us. Gorospe, 157 SCRA 154 Bala us. Martinez, 181 SCRA 459 People vs. Solt, 103 SCRA 393 People us. Gorospe, 129 SCRA 233 III. PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION 1. Definiti-.,n, Sec. 1 a. Purpose See Annotations, 121 SCRA 233 Hashim v. Boncan, 71 Phil. 216 Tandoc v. Resultan, 175 SCRA 37 Nature U.S. u. Marfoi, 35 Phil. 666 People u. Ovilla, 65 Phil. 722 People v. Veloso, 112 SCRA 173 People v. Gomez, 117 SCRA 73 Placer v. Villanueva, 126 SCRA 463 Gn u. CA, 206 SCRA 133 Doromal v. Sandiganbayan, 177 SCRA 374 Allado us. Diokno, 232 SCRA 192 Roberts u. CA, 254 SCRA 307 Republic us. CA, 301 SCRA 475 C. 2. Probable cause, meaning b. %'110 are authorized Sec. 2 Castillo u. Viilaluz, 171 SCRA 39 Palgos v. Sandi-gaoilbayun, 176 SCRA 287 Sec. 37, Rule on Summary Procedure Pres. Dec. No. 1630 (Tanodbayan) -cc. 2655, 0i-nn;'j,-,,s Election Code (.001'jE-1.EC) 3. Cases Cognizable h,, PTC a. Procedure 1) When conducted by a prosecutor Filing of Complaint affidavit /s Investigation Proper Sec. 3 Rodin us. Garcia, 104 SCRA 362 Post Investigation, duties of prosecutor, Secs. 4, 8 2) When conducted by a judge, Sec. 5 A.M. 05-8-26 b. Distinguished from Preliminary Examination Sec. 6 Pangandaman v. Casar, 159 SCRA 599 Samul de u. Salvani, 165 SCRA 734 Tandoc v. Resultan, 175 SCRA 37 5 Lim u. Felix, 194 SCRA 292 C. Arrest without warrant and "Inquests" 1) Without waiver Sec. 7, par. 1 a_nd 3 Art. 125, Rev. Penal Code DOJ Circ. No. 5, s. March 1, 1989, re Uniform Procedure for Disposition of inquest Cases With waiver, Sec. 7, par. 2 2) 4. Cases Cognizable by MTC, Sec. 9 IV. ARREST, SEARCH AND SEIZURE 1. 2. Phil. Const., Art. III, Secs. 2 and 3 Statutes: Rep. Act No. 7438 (1992) B.P. 129, Sec. 37, pars. 2 & 3, (1980) Rev. Penal Code, Art. 129-130, 269 R u l es o f C o u r t, R u l es 1 1 3 & 1 2 6 ; R u le 1 1 2 , S e c s . 5 , 6 , 7 & Appendix of Forms, Forms 25 to 27 Rev. Rules on Summary Procedure, Sec. 16 Stonehill u. Diokno, 20 SCRA 363 Luna u. Plaza, 26 SCRA 310 Callanta u. Villanueva, 77 SCRA 377 Rodriguez u. Villa miel, 65 Phil. 230 Burgos u. Chief of Staf / ; 133 SCRA 800 Pecple u. Burgos, 144 SCRA 1 Alih u. Castro, 151 SCRA 279 Posadas u. CA, 188 SCRA 288 AL'!udo u. Diokno, 232 SCRA 192 Malulon,t u. CA, 232 SCRA 249 People us. Court of Appeals, 301 SCRA 475 People u. Usaaa, 3rSCRA SCA 754 Exception to the warrant requirc'mcn, in searches. People US, D - ri a 301 SCRA 668 People u. Elarnparo, 329 SCRA 404 V. BAIL 1. 2. 3. A 4. 5. 6. Conditions of Bail (Section 2, Rule 114) When bail a matter of Right? Section 4, Fulc, 1 114 When discretionary (Section 5, Rule 114) B u r d en o f Pr o o f Bui Ba il Application (Section 8, Rule 114) Guidelines for fixing Bail Where filed. People,us. Manes, 303 SCRA 231 People us. Cabral, 303 SCRA 361 Lauides us. Court of Appeals, 324 SCRA 321 People us. Mark Jimenez, G.R. 148571, 24 Scpt.2002 People us. Fitzgerald, G.R. No. 149723. October 27, 2006 6 V1. ARRAIGNMENT AND PLEA 1. Arraignment and Plea, Sec. 1 (a), Pule 1 16 a. Nature and Purpose U.S. v. Palasoc, 4 Phil. 207 People u. Ambrosio, 56 Phi,'. 801 People us. Carriages, 64 Phil. 1057 1. Procedure i. Notice 2. Where made 2. How done 3. Duty of Court, Sec. 6 a. Right to counsel, Consti., Art. 111, Sec. 11 b. De Officio counsel, Sec. 8 Types of plea, Sec. I (a) a. Admission: "Guilty" Plea of Guilty to a Capital Offense, Sec. 3 People u. Serna, 130 SCRA 550 3. People u. Tiongson, 130 SCRA 614 People u. Nadera, 324 SCRA 490 2. 3. b. C. d. Plea of Guilty to a non-capital offense, Sec. 4 Plea of Guilty to a lesser offense Not Guilty Improvident Pica (Section 5) Plea of guilty but accused p resents CXCU1paL0r-V evidence Section 1 (d) 4. Suspension of Arraignment (Section 1 1) VII. MOTION TO QUASH i When to Move to b. Sec. 8. a. Sec. 1 Consequences o f failure to move or failure to allege, 2. Form. and Content People u. Navarro, 75 Phil. 516 People u. Alagao, 16 SCRA 879 Lopez us. City Judge, 18 SCRA 6I 6 Gamboa u. Cruz, 162 SCRA 642 Grounds, Sec. 3. a. Fact cha r ged do not constitute Rule 110 an offense. Sees. 6, 7, 8, and 9 People u. Asuncion, 161 SCRA 490 b. Court has no jurisdiction o v e r offense charged or the person of the accused. Section 20, Rule 14 1) Jurisdiction over the offense. 2) Jurisdiction over the accused. 3) Venue as an element to jurisdiction. Lopez u. City Judge, 18 SCP-,% 616 Layosa v. Rodriguez, 86 SCRA 300 C, Officer who filed information had no authority to do so. Secs. 3, 4, and 5, Rule 110. Complaint or information does not conform substa:-,~Iallv to prescribed form., Sec. 1 10. e. f. R.P.C. More than one offense is charged, Scc, 13, Rule 110. Criminal action or liabilit- has been extinguished., Art. 89 and 90, g. Contains averments which, if true, would constitute legal excuse or justification, Art. 11, R.P.C. 11. Double jeopardy. 1) 2) Constitutional basis. Sec. 21, Art. 111, 11987 Consti. Sec. 3 (h) and 7; Sec. 5, Rule 120 People v. City Court , of Manila, 121 SCRA 637 Golman u. Sandiganbayan, 144 SCRA 43 People u. Relova, 148 SCRA 292 People u. Gorospe, 157 SCRA 154 Caniza v. People, 159 SCRA 16 Oue u. Cosico, 177 SCR_A 410 Samsoi,L u. C.A., 103 Phil. 277 4 I Provisional Dismissal People us. Panftlo Lacson, GP No. 149453, Resolution dated 28 May 2002, 1 April 2003 and October 2003. 4. Procedure upon filing of the Motion. a. b. C' Procedure of hearing the motion. Procedure when motion to quash is Cjej,,ierl Bulaon,-i u. CA, IS! SCP_,', 618 amendment ava il able a s a cur,.. Sec. 4; S( Z,- - . 14, Rule 110. 5. a. Effect of Order granting Motion: to Quash. Not a bar to another prosecution for tire, same offense. Sec. 6. b. Exceptions, Secs. 3, 6. C. When amer-IdInicrit available as a cure. Sec. 4; Sec 14, Rule 110. VIII PRE-TRIAL Purpose and Subject matter of pre-trial conference, Scc. 1. Requisites of lire-trial agrcernents, Sec 2. File v. C.A., 1162 SCRA 446 People v. Uy, 327 SCRA 335 3. Pre-Trial Order, Scc. 3. IX. RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED Section 14, Article II!, Constitution Rule 115, Sec. 1 8 Peo le us. Larranaga, G.R. Nos. 138874-75. February 3, 2004 p a. Presumption of Innocence People u. Quiazon, 78 SCRA 513 Castillo u. Filtex, 124 SCPA 900 Right to be informed of accusation Borja v. Afendoza, 77 SCRA 422 People v. Alicando, 251 SCRA 293 Right to be present at every stage of proceedings Aquino v. Military Commission No. 2, 63 SCPA 546 Borja v. Mendoza, 77 SCRA 422 People v. Presiding Judge of Urdaneta, 125 SCPA 269 People u. Macaraeg, 141 SCRA 37 People v. Salas, 143 SCRA 163 Cirnenez u. Nazareno, 160 SCRA 1 People vs. Salas, G.R. No. L-66469. July 29, 1986 1). C. d. Right to counsel of choice People v. Frieto, 80 Phil. 138 Johnson v. Zerbst, 304 U.S. 458 People u. Holgado, 85 Phil. 752 e. Right against self-incrimination People le u. Plicaudro, 141 SCRA 295 BASECO u. PCGG, 150 SCRA 181 People u. Estenso, 72 SCR-°, 428 People v. Liwanag, 73 SCRA 473 Talino v. Sandiganbayan, 148 SCRA 598 People v. Bagano, 181 SCPA 747 p 9. Compulsory process to compel attendance of witnesses and procure evidence Rule 116, Sec. 11 Rule 119, secs. 4(a), (b), 5, 6 Rules 21, 23-25, 27-29, 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure uis-Q-,,,is Rule ulle 1, sec. 3, 1997 Rules of Civil ProcedureU.S. u. Garcia, Phil. 384 11 h. To be a witness Rule 115, sec. 1 (d) Rule 132, sec. 8, 1935 Rules on Evidence People us. AyFon, G.R. No. 85215. July 7, 1989 Speedy, impartial and public trial Garcia u. Domingo, 52 SCRA 143 Flores v. People, 61 SCRA 331 Martelino u. Alejandro, 32 SCRA 106 People v. Orsal, 113 SCRA 226 Peop u. Jardia, 124 SCRA 167 Appeal People u. Ang Gioc, 73 Phil. 336 People u. Esparas, 260 SCRA 539 Against double jeopardy Samson_ v. CA, 103 Phil. 277 J e0ple U. City Court of Manila, 121 SCPA 637 GuIrnan v. Sandiganbuyan, 144 SCRA 43 Caes v. LAC, 179 SCRA 54 D le 9 10 People us. Panfilo Lacson G.R. 149453, 28 May 2002 X. TRIAL Pule 119 Order and Procedure of Trial a. b. C. Notice of Trial (Sec. 1) 5. (d) Continuous Trial Rule, Sec. 2. Postponements, Continuance Sec. 2 1) Factors 2. Exclusions d. Order of trial, Sec. 3 1. Prosecution evidence, Sec. 15 Prosecution's Offer of Evidence, (Secs. 34 and 35, Rule 132) 2. Demurrer to evidence, Sec. 23 Godoy us CA, G.R. No. 80814. August 30, 1988 Riuera us. People, G.R. No. 163996. June 9, 2005 H u n H yu n g Pa r k us Eung bV on C hoi, G . R . N o . 1 6 5 4 9 6 . February 12, 2007 3. Defense evidence, Sec. 13 4. Rebuttal evidence, Sec. 11 (c) Submission of case for decision, oral arguments o r memoranda, Sec. 11 People u. Cr-az, 177 SCRA 451 People u. Concepcion, 84, Phil. 787 1. 2. Order of trial when accused pleads guilty but interposes a lawful defense, Sec. 11 (e) Reopening, Sec. 24 Cabarles us. Bonifoc;o, G.P. No. 161330. Feb. 20, 2007 2. Procedure in Municipal Tr i a l Courts, Rule 123 Rules on Summary Procedure Sec. 1 (13) Sec. 9 to 14 Combats u..SaiiJose, 135 SCRA 693 l Wic on Discharge of a:i Accused to be a State Witness Lt. R c q u is, I i ',-- andpioecdurc, Sec. 17/ People us. R o d n c o , G . P . N o . 1 7 1 3 0 2 2 . L lVebb u. de Leon, 247 SCRA 652, b. -Tanuar- 23, 2007 January Efffect of dischar g e, Sec. 8 No. 1732 (October 8 1980) 0 Presidential Decree , Pro viding linm un i f " , fr om Crimina l Pr osecu tion to Government Witnesses and for other purposes Rule when proper offense was not charged Requisites and procedure, Sec. 1'_ C. d. X1. JUDGMENT Rule 120 1. 2. Judgment definition and form, Sec. 1 General rules on judgments a. Content, Sec. 2 People u. Buban, ibid. b. For two or more offenses, Sec. 3 10 ill Rule when there is a variance between what was charged and what was proven, Sec. 4 d. Rule when an offense includes or is included in that which is charged, Sec. 5. e. Evidence required People vs. Sapal, 328 SCRA 417 (2000) C. 4. 0. 6. Promulgation of judgment, Sec. 6 Modification of judgment, Sec. 7 Icao u. Analisok, 180 SCRA 680 Entry of judgment, Sec. 8 Rule 120 does not affect provisions on suspension of sentence, probation and parole, Sec. 9 X11. NEW TRIAL OR RECONSIDERATION 1. X111. APPEAL 1. Rules 122, 124 and 125 First Women's Credit us. Baybay, G.R. No. 166888. Jan. 31, 2007 Gulman v. Sandiganbayan, 144 SCRA 43 People u. Bayotas, 236 SCRA 239 (en bane; 1994) Martinez v. CA, 237 SCRA 575 (1994) Cruz v. Director of Prisons, 17 Phils. 269 (1910) People v. Cult, 329 SCPA 101 (2000) Rule 121 Jose v. CA, 70 SCRA 257 (1976) 11