ABU DHABI NATIONAL OIL COMPANY HEALTH SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MANUAL OF CODES OF PRACTICE VOLUME 3 : OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH CODE OF PRACTICE ON FRAMEWORK OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT ADNOC-COPV3-01 HSE MANAGEMENT CODES OF PRACTICE Volume 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COP ON FRAMEWORK OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT Document No: ADNOC-COPV3-01 Version 1 June, 2004 Page 2 of 36 RECORD OF REVISION Revision No. Date Section/Page Reason Copyright The copyright and all other rights of a like nature in this document are vested in Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. This document is issued as part of the Manual of HSE Codes of Practice (the “Manual”) and as guidance to ADNOC, ADNOC Group Companies and independent operators engaged in the Abu Dhabi oil & gas industries. Any of these parties may give copies of the entire Manual or selected parts thereof to their contractors implementing HSE standards in order to qualify for award of contracts or for the execution of awarded contracts. Such copies should carry a statement that they are reproduced by permission of ADNOC, and an explanatory note on the manner in which the Manual is to be used. Disclaimer No liability whatsoever in contract, tort or otherwise is accepted by ADNOC or any of its Group Companies, their respective shareholders, directors, officers and employees whether or not involved in the preparation of the Manual for any consequences whatsoever resulting directly or indirectly from reliance on or from the use of the Manual or for any error or omission therein even if such error or omission is caused by a failure to exercise reasonable care. All administrative queries should be directed to the Manual of HSE Codes of Practice Administrator in: Environment Health & Safety Division, Exploration & Production Directorate, Abu Dhabi National Oil Company, P.O. Box : 898, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Telephone : (9712) 6023782 Fax: (9712) 6668089 Internet site: www.adnoc.com E-mail:
[email protected] HSE MANAGEMENT CODES OF PRACTICE Volume 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COP ON FRAMEWORK OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT Document No: ADNOC-COPV3-01 Version 1 June, 2004 Page 3 CONTENTS PAGE I. PURPOSE..............................................................................................................5 II. DEFINITIONS.........................................................................................................5 III. EXISTING LAWS .................................................................................................10 1. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................11 2. POLICY................................................................................................................14 3. ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH RISKS ...................................................................15 4. PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF EXPOSURE................................................17 4.1 General Principles......................................................................................17 4.2 Hierarchy of Control...................................................................................17 5. MONITORING EXPOSURE .................................................................................19 5.1 General........................................................................................................19 5.1.1 Qualitative Exposure Evaluation....................................................19 5.1.2 Quantitative Exposure Evaluation .................................................19 5.1.3 Criteria for establishing a health surveillance program...............20 5.2 Exposure Monitoring .................................................................................20 5.3 Measurement Techniques .........................................................................21 5.4 Exposure Standards ..................................................................................21 5.5 Laboratory Standards ................................................................................21 6. HEALTH SURVEILLANCE ..................................................................................22 6.1 General........................................................................................................22 6.2 Designing and Implementing a Programme of Health Surveillance ......22 6.3 Measurement Techniques .........................................................................24 6.4 Laboratory Standards ................................................................................24 7. TRAINING, AWARENESS AND COMPETENCE REQUIREMENTS ..................25 7.1 General Requirements ...............................................................................25 7.2 Specific Requirements...............................................................................25 7.2.1 HRA...................................................................................................25 7.2.2 Exposure Evaluation for HRA.........................................................25 7.2.3 Health Surveillance .........................................................................26 8. INFORMATION, CONSULTATION AND COMMUNICATION.............................27 8.1 Informed consent .......................................................................................27 9. LEGAL AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS .............................................................28 9.1 Maritime Laws & Regulations....................................................................28 10. OBJECTIVES AND MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME..........................................29 10.1 Objectives ...................................................................................................29 10.2 OH Management Programme ....................................................................29 11. IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION ..............................................................30 11.1 Structure and Responsibilities..................................................................30 11.2 The Role of the Primary Technical Authority...........................................30 HSE MANAGEMENT CODES OF PRACTICE Volume 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COP ON FRAMEWORK OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT Document No: ADNOC-COPV3-01 Version 1 June, 2004 Page 4 12. EMERGENCY RESPONSE, MEDICAL EMERGENCIES, FIRST AID, ACCIDENT AND INCIDENT REPORTING .............................................................................31 12.1 General........................................................................................................31 12.2 Accidents, Incidents, Non-conformances and Corrective and Preventive Action ..........................................................................................................31 13. DOCUMENT CONTROL AND RECORD KEEPING............................................32 14. PERFORMANCE MONITORING, MEASUREMENT AND REPORTING ............33 15. AUDIT AND REVIEW ..........................................................................................34 15.1 Audit ..........................................................................................................34 15.2 Management Review ..................................................................................34 REFERENCES ..........................................................................................................35 HSE MANAGEMENT CODES OF PRACTICE Volume 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COP ON FRAMEWORK OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT Document No: ADNOC-COPV3-01 Version 1 June, 2004 Page 5 I. PURPOSE This document establishes the general requirements and responsibilities for ensuring that occupational health of employees and contractor personnel are managed effectively and to ensure that health is not adversely affected as a result of the working activities or environment. II. DEFINITIONS ACGIH American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists - this is a committee that recommends Occupational Exposure Limits for a wide range of agents. It also provides recommended good practice in the field of occupational and environmental hygiene. Acute Health Effects Acute health effects are those that occur suddenly and in a short time (seconds to hours) following exposure, generally to higher levels or concentrations of a health hazard. An acute exposure runs a comparatively short course. Assessment Team A group of people selected to carry out Health Risk Assessments within an Assessment Unit. Assessment Team Leader The line manager, or his representative, responsible for co-ordinating the activities of the Assessment Team. Assessment Unit A unit comprising a complete operational site, a self-contained segment of a large or complex site, or a group supporting a single business process, so defined as to assist in the management of HRA within an organisation. Audiometry The measurement of an individual's hearing acuity using an audiometer. Baseline (Measurement) Survey Quantified personal exposure data is obtained to compare against the relevant Occupational Exposure Limit(s) Biological Agents Any micro-organism, cell-culture or human endoparasite, including any which have been genetically modified, which may cause infection, allergy, toxicity or otherwise create a hazard to human health. Biological Effects Monitoring Biological effect monitoring is the measurement of a reversible biochemical change caused by the absorption of the substance; the degree of change being below that associated with toxic injury and not associated with a known, irreversible pathological effect. HSE MANAGEMENT CODES OF PRACTICE Volume 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COP ON FRAMEWORK OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT Document No: ADNOC-COPV3-01 Version 1 June, 2004 Page 6 Biological Monitoring Biological monitoring involves the measurement of a hazardous substance or its metabolites* in body fluids, usually blood, urine or exhaled breath. *A metabolite of a substance is either a breakdown product or modified (more soluble) form suitable for excretion by the kidney into urine or by the liver into the intestine. Biological Exposure Index Exposure limit for hazardous substance or metabolite measured through biological monitoring. Control See 'Hierarchy of controls'. Detailed (Measurement) Survey Carried out if the degree and pattern of personal exposure cannot be reliably determined by a Baseline (Measurement) Survey. Engineering Controls The control of exposure to a hazardous agent by the design of plant and equipment, e.g. containment, exhaust ventilation, mechanical aids. Environmental Health Environmental health comprises those aspects of human health, including quality of life, that are determined by interactions with physical, chemical, biological and social factors in the environment. Epidemiology Epidemiology is the study of the occurrence of disease in human populations. Epidemiological studies in industry enable us to establish the relationship between work environment and the health, type of illnesses and ultimate causes of death of working people. To be effective, epidemiology must be based on accurate data on the occurrence of disease, types of jobs and exposures. The quality of the statistical analysis, and therefore the information produced, improves with (i) larger number of people and (ii) longer follow-up periods. Some diseases, particularly cancers, may take several decades to appear. Ergonomics Ergonomic is the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimise human well-being and overall system performance. Ergonomics draws together the disciplines of occupational physiology, psychology and design. Physical stresses on the body may result in acute (short term) and chronic (long term) damage (musculoskeletal disorders) and lowering of performance (e.g. fatigue). The mental demands of work may cause psychological stresses. Ergonomics seeks to recognise and evaluate these factors. Control can then be achieved by fitting the task to the individual. HSE MANAGEMENT CODES OF PRACTICE Volume 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COP ON FRAMEWORK OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT Document No: ADNOC-COPV3-01 Version 1 June, 2004 Page 7 Where ergonomics has not been taken into account in the design of workstations and tasks, personnel may suffer, for example, discomfort, musculo-skeletal disorders and psychological stress. Exposure Limit (EL) The airborne concentration of chemical agents and levels of physical agents to which workers may be repeatedly exposed, day after day, without adverse effect. Health Hazard The potential to cause harm to health. Health hazards may be biological, chemical, physical, ergonomic or psychological in nature. 'Health hazards' are also known as 'agents hazardous to health' and 'hazardous agents'. These terms are interchangeable. Health Promotion The active promotion of health of personnel within the organization. Health promotion does not restrict itself to occupational issues, but encompasses wider lifestyle and fitness issues, in order to improve the health, efficiency and well-being of the workforce. Health Risk The likelihood that, under specified conditions of exposure, the health of a certain population will be harmed. Individual risk is assessed on the basis of group risk assessment. Health risk is the combination of likelihood that harm to health may occur (which is related to exposure) multiplied by the severity of health effects (hazard). See also 'Risk'. Health Risk Assessment (HRA) HRA is the systematic identification of health hazards in the workplace and subsequent evaluation of health risks. This process takes existing control measures into account and identifies and recommends further preventive or control actions where appropriate. Health Risk Assessment Programme The systematic implementation of Health Risk Assessment within an organisation. Occupational Health (OH) The promotion and maintenance of the physical, mental and social well-being of the workforce. Health Surveillance Measures for monitoring the health of the workforce if risk to health cannot reasonably be excluded. HSE MANAGEMENT CODES OF PRACTICE Volume 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COP ON FRAMEWORK OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT Document No: ADNOC-COPV3-01 Version 1 June, 2004 Page 8 Hierarchy of Control Measures The means of controlling exposure to health hazards, listed in preferential order as follows:− Elimination − Substitution (alternatives) − Engineering (plant and equipment) − Procedural − Personal protective equipment HSE As in ‘Health and Safety Executive’, which is the enforcement and standards setting agency in the United Kingdom. The HSE has developed a range of Occupational Exposure Limits (MELs and OESs) and exposure evaluation methods that are recognised by the Group Companies. Maximum Exposure Limit (MEL) MELs are UK exposure limits provided for substances that are particularly hazardous or difficult to control. These limits recognise that health-based OELs may not be technically or economically achievable. These levels denote that the value is the maximum exposure concentration to which personnel are allowed in the workplace. The onus is placed on the employer to reduce exposure below this limit as far as reasonably achievable. These limits are listed in HSE Guidance Note EH40. Medical Surveillance Medical surveillance is defined as an assessment of an employee's health using medical or biological procedures (biological effect monitoring) to identify any significant abnormalities attributed to exposure to hazardous agents, at the earliest stage possible. The procedures used must be of acceptably high sensitivity, specificity and predictive value in detecting abnormalities related to the nature and degree of exposure. The criteria for interpreting the data must be known and the procedures must be safe, easy to perform, preferably non-invasive and acceptable to employees. Surveillance must only be undertaken if the possible detected changes are reversible or measures are available to prevent their further development. NIOSH The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is the federal agency in the US responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work-related disease and injury. Occupational Exposure Standard (OES) OES is the OEL classification in the UK for substances that have their limits classified primarily on the basis of health effect, i.e. these are the UK’s healthbased OELs. These limits are listed in HSE Guidance Note EH40. HSE MANAGEMENT CODES OF PRACTICE Volume 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COP ON FRAMEWORK OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT Document No: ADNOC-COPV3-01 Version 1 June, 2004 Page 9 Occupational Health Hazard This is the potential of an agent to cause harm to health. These agents may be biological, chemical, physical, ergonomic or psychological in nature. Hazards are normally classified according to the severity of their adverse health effects. Occupational Health Management The organized use of corporate resources to promote and maintain the well being of employees. Occupational Health Management System Part of the overall management system that facilitates the management of the OH risks associated with the business of the organization. This includes the organizational structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources for developing, implementing, achieving, reviewing and maintaining the organization’s OH policy. In ADNOC Group, the OH Management System is integrated with Group Company HSEMS. Occupational Hygiene The application of scientific, technological and managerial principles to prevent or reduce the risks to health that arise from work activities. OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration. This is the enforcement and one of the standards setting agencies in the United States. The HSE has developed a range of Occupational Exposure Limits (PELs – Permissible Exposure Limits) and exposure evaluation methods that are recognised by the Group Company. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) The collective term describing clothing and equipment used to protect the individual against agents hazardous to health. Performance Indicator A indicator showing the extent of successful performance against set criteria over time. Physical Agents For example, noise and vibration, ionising and non-ionising radiation, extreme temperatures, humidity. Procedural Controls These include: supervision, work methods, housekeeping, personal hygiene, information, instruction, training. Risk The product of the chance that a specified undesired event will occur and the severity of the consequence of the event. See also 'health risk'. HSE MANAGEMENT CODES OF PRACTICE Volume 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COP ON FRAMEWORK OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT Document No: ADNOC-COPV3-01 Version 1 June, 2004 Page 10 Routine Exposure Monitoring Exposure measurements carried out on a regular basis to a specified protocol to check if exposure conditions have changed. Severity The degree to which an agent hazardous to health can cause harm. Standard A prescribed set of rules, conditions or requirements. Standard is an allinclusive term denoting specifications, recommended practices, procedures, guidelines, philosophies and handbooks. STEL Short Term Exposure Limit. Limits established by the ACGIH that represent the maximum concentrations workers can be exposed to for 15-minute periods without suffering adverse effects with certain excursion limits. TLV – Threshold Limit Value ACGIH term for Exposure Limit. These values are assigned based upon evidence of the level (i.e. the threshold) at which an adverse health effect may occur in the vast majority of the population. TLVs are not restricted to chemical agents. Walk-through Survey A walk-through survey is designed to provide an overview of health hazards and associated potential exposures involving a particular working population to assist in the preparation for Health Risk Assessment. Further detail on definitions is provided in the document ADNOC CoP ‘Guideline on HSE Definitions and Abbreviations’ [28]. III. EXISTING LAWS Occupational Health matters in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi are regulated by: • • • • • Federal Law Number 8, Year 1980: Regulation of Labour Relations and Order Issued in implementation thereof. Ministerial Order No. (32), 1982. UAE Federal Law No. 1, 2002 UAE Federal Law No. 3, 1978 UAE Federal Law No. 24, 1999 [28] ADNOC Manual of Code of Practice: ‘Guideline on HSE Definitions and Abbreviations’, ADNOC-COPV1-05. HSE MANAGEMENT CODES OF PRACTICE Volume 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COP ON FRAMEWORK OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT Document No: ADNOC-COPV3-01 Version 1 June, 2004 Page 11 1. INTRODUCTION Occupational Health (OH) Management is the management process, through which corporate resources are organised and used to promote well-being and prevent, or minimise, the adverse health impact of work on personnel and contractors. Failure to control occupational health risks in the workplace can result in a wide range of effects, from general worker under performance to premature deaths. It is a legal requirement in the UAE under Federal Law, that OH risks are adequately controlled (Federal Law Number 8: Regulation of Labour Relations, 1980 [1]). It is also recognised that good occupational health performance is not only ethically sound, but it also makes good financial and business sense. It is also an essential component of the ADNOC HSE Policy. Health Risk Assessment (HRA) is the primary method for classification of the level of occupational health risk and setting of control implementation priorities. HRA is the systematic identification of health hazards in the workplace and subsequent evaluation of health risks. This process takes existing control measures into account and identifies and recommends further preventive or control actions where appropriate. This document describes the framework for the management of occupational health issues within the ADNOC Group of Companies. Detailed guidance is provided in a number of supporting Codes of Practice documents, which must be referred to for specific OH issues. These supporting documents are: • Codes of Practice − OHRM - Human Factors & Personnel Related Aspects of HSE [27] − OHRM - General [29] − OHRM - Chemical and Biological Agents [3] − OHRM - Physical Agents [4] − OHRM - Ergonomic Factors [5] − OHRM - Food Safety and Welfare [6] Guidelines − Health Risk Assessment (HRA) [11] • [1] Federal Law Number 8: Regulation of Labour Relations and Order Issued in implementation thereof. 1980. [3] ADNOC Manual of Codes of Practice: ‘Code of practice on Occupational Health Risk Management - Chemical and Biological Agents’, ADNOC-COPV3-04. [4] ADNOC Manual of Code of Practice: ‘Code of practice on Occupational Health Risk Management - Physical Agents’, ADNOC-COPV3-05. [5] ADNOC Manual of Code of Practice: ‘Code of practice on Occupational Health Risk Management - Ergonomic Factors’, ADNOC-COPV3-06. [6] ADNOC Manual of Code of Practice: ‘Code of practice on Occupational Health Risk Management - Food Safety and Welfare’, ADNOC-COPV3-07. [11] ADNOC Manual of Code of Practice: ‘Guideline on Health Risk Assessment (HRA)’, ADNOC-COPV3-08. [27] ADNOC Manual of Code of Practice: ‘Code of Practice on Occupational Health Risk Management - Human Factors and Personnel Related Aspects of HSE’, ADNOC-COPV3-02. [29] ADNOC Manual of Code of Practice: ‘Code of practice on Occupational Health Risk Management - General’’, ADNOC-COPV3-03. HSE MANAGEMENT CODES OF PRACTICE Volume 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COP ON FRAMEWORK OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT Document No: ADNOC-COPV3-01 Version 1 June, 2004 Page 12 − − − − − − Ionising Radiation [9] Noise Control and Hearing Conservation [7] Exposure Monitoring [10] Chemical Use [12] The guideline for Heat Stress will be provided at a future time [8] ADNOC Group Guideline on Occupational Medicine [18] (currently not part of the HSE Codes of Practice Manual). The relationship between each of these is illustrated in Figure 1. CoP Framework of OH Risk Management OHRM-Human Factors & Personnel Related Aspects of HSE Health Risk Assessment Exposure Monitoring CoP G/L G/L CoP OHRMGeneral CoP OHRMPhysical Agents CoP OHRMErgonimic Factors CoP OHRMFood Safety & Welfare CoP OHRMChemical & Biological Agents CoP PPE in Manual of CoP Vol.4 Safety G/L Noise Control & G/L Chemical Use Hearing Conservation G/L Ionising Radiation G/L Heat Stress ( to be written) FIGURE 1: OH Codes of Practice documents and how they relate to each other Occupational Health management is a multi-disciplinary approach to health and safety, led by occupational health physicians in cooperation with occupational hygienists, occupational health nurses, environmental health specialists, safety personnel and other specialists. It is important to recognise the distinct working boundaries and possible interest overlaps of each of these professional groups and the terminology used to describe their activity categories, such as: [7] ADNOC Manual of Code of Practice: ’Guideline on Noise Control & Hearing Conservation’, ADNOC-COPV3-10. [8] ADNOC Manual of Code of Practice: ‘Guideline on Heat Stress’, (To be written.) [9] ADNOC Manual of Code of Practice: ‘Guideline on Ionising Radiation’, ADNOC-COPV3-09. [10] ADNOC Manual of Code of Practice: ‘Guideline on Exposure Monitoring’, ADNOC-COPV3-11. [12] ADNOC Manual of Code of Practice: ‘Guideline on Chemical Use’, ADNOC-COPV3-12. [18] ADNOC Group Guideline ‘Occupational Medicine’ November, 2000 (under revision). HSE MANAGEMENT CODES OF PRACTICE Volume 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COP ON FRAMEWORK OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT Document No: ADNOC-COPV3-01 Version 1 June, 2004 Page 13 • Health Promotion is the process of active campaigning for improved health of personnel within the organisation. It does not restrict itself to occupational issues, but encompasses wider lifestyle and fitness issues in order to improve the health, efficiency and well-being of personnel. Occupational medicine, as a sub-speciality of preventive/curative medicine, is concerned with the appraisal, maintenance, restoration and improvement of worker’s health through application of the principles of preventive medicine, emergency medical care, rehabilitation and environmental medicine. It is concerned with promotion of a productive and fulfilling interaction of the worker and the job, via the application of the principles of human behaviour. It involves, amongst others, tailored screening of different work groups. Occupational hygiene is primarily concerned with the control of occupational health hazards that arise as a result of or during work. It is a discipline that is devoted to anticipation, recognition, evaluation and control of environmental factors or stresses arising in or from the workplace, which may cause sickness, impaired health and well being or significant discomfort among workers or among the citizens of the community. The various environmental factors or stresses can be classified as chemical, physical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial. Occupational Hygiene is also concerned with the health hazards during “off work” periods in remote locations when the company provides accommodation (and catering) to personnel. Occupational health nursing is the application of nursing principles in conserving the health of workers in all occupations. It involves the prevention, recognition and treatment of illnesses and injury and requires special skills and knowledge in the fields of health, education, counselling, environmental health, rehabilitation and human health. • • • HSE MANAGEMENT CODES OF PRACTICE Volume 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COP ON FRAMEWORK OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT Document No: ADNOC-COPV3-01 Version 1 June, 2004 Page 14 2. POLICY Each Group Company must develop suitable and sufficient policies on Occupational Health, based on this Codes of Practice and which is consistent with the requirements of ADNOC Group HSE policy and HSEMS [2]. The ADNOC HSE Policy and HSEMS reflect current best practice management standards in OH including, OHSAS 18001 (OHSAS 18001:1999 Occupational Health & Safety Management Systems Specification, [13]). Occupational Health Policy in Group Companies must be integrated with Company HSE Policies and aligned with the ADNOC HSEMS. [2] ADNOC Group Guideline ‘Health, Safety and Environmental Management Systems’, January, 2002. [13] OHSAS 18001:1999, Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems Specification, British Standards Institute (BSI), London, UK. HSE MANAGEMENT CODES OF PRACTICE Volume 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COP ON FRAMEWORK OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT Document No: ADNOC-COPV3-01 Version 1 June, 2004 Page 15 3. ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH RISKS Each Group Company must establish and maintain procedures for the ongoing identification of Occupational Health hazards, the assessment of risks, and the implementation of control measures. These procedures must cover: • • Routine and non-routine activities of all personnel having access to the workplace (including subcontractors and visitors). Facilities at the workplace, whether provided by the Group Company or others. Group Companies must ensure that the results of these assessments and the effects of controls are considered when setting OH objectives. Group Companies must document and keep this information up to date. The methodology for hazard identification and risk assessment must be defined with respect to its scope, nature and timing to ensure it is proactive rather than reactive. Furthermore, it must: • Provide for the classification of risks and identification of those that are to be eliminated or controlled by measures as defined in Section 4 of this document. Be consistent with operating experience and the capabilities of risk control measures employed. Provide input into the determination of facility requirements, identification of training needs and/or development of operational controls. Provide for the monitoring of required actions to ensure both the effectiveness and timeliness of their implementation. • • • In order to fulfil the above requirements, Group Companies must carry out a suitable and sufficient assessment of health risks of: • • Employees or contractors who may be exposed while they are at work. Persons not in its employment whose health may be impacted by Group Company activities. To achieve this objective, a formal process of Health Risk Assessment (HRA) must be applied to all of the activities carried out by Group Companies which could result in significant health hazards. Guidance on the process of HRA is provided in the Codes of Practice Guideline on ‘Health Risk Assessment’ [11]. Guidance to other OHRM related topics is provided in a number of other Codes of Practice documents (see Section 1). [11] ADNOC Manual of Code of Practice: ‘Guideline on Health Risk Assessment (HRA)’, ADNOC-COPV3-08. HSE MANAGEMENT CODES OF PRACTICE Volume 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COP ON FRAMEWORK OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT Document No: ADNOC-COPV3-01 Version 1 June, 2004 Page 16 In simple terms, the process of HRA involves the following: • • • • Identification of all significant health hazards arising from ADNOC Group Company activities. Rating the severity of hazard for each one identified. Evaluating exposure or the potential for exposure. Determining risk (For most health hazards, risk is an outcome of hazard level x exposure level). Where the level of risk is unknown or unclear, further investigation may be required, in particular where insufficient information is present on the nature of the hazard and/or the level of exposure. HRA requires specialist expertise (see Section 7.2.1) HSE MANAGEMENT CODES OF PRACTICE Volume 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COP ON FRAMEWORK OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT Document No: ADNOC-COPV3-01 Version 1 June, 2004 Page 17 4. 4.1 PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF EXPOSURE General Principles Group Companies must use the general principles of risk reduction methodologies in the management of Occupational Health Hazards. These principals include: • • • • Avoiding risks. Evaluating the risks that cannot be avoided. Combating the risks at source. Adapting the work to the individual, especially as regards the design of workplaces, the choice of work equipment and the choice of working and production methods, with a view, in particular, to alleviating monotonous work and work at a predetermined work-rate, and to reducing effects on health. Adapting to technical progress. Replacing the dangerous by the non-dangerous or the less dangerous. Developing a coherent overall prevention policy, which covers technology, organisation of work, working conditions, social relationships and the influence of factors relating to the working environment. Giving collective protective measures priority over individual protective measures. Giving appropriate training and instructions to employees. • • • • • 4.2 Hierarchy of Control Where the need for additional control measures is identified, a systematic review of all control options must be carried out, with the objective of controlling exposure to a level as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP). The control measures must be based on hierarchy principles as follows: • • • • • Elimination of the hazard. Substitution Engineering controls (plant & equipment) Administrative controls which include procedural, methodological and supervisory controls Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Where the risk is unacceptable, control options that can be implemented immediately must be addressed first, e.g. eliminate by stopping the activity, or HSE MANAGEMENT CODES OF PRACTICE Volume 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COP ON FRAMEWORK OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT Document No: ADNOC-COPV3-01 Version 1 June, 2004 Page 18 introduce appropriate personal protective equipment, while substitutes (alternatives) or engineering solutions are investigated. If improvements in engineering controls are considered appropriate, but it is not practicable to implement these measures immediately, a programme of work must be drawn up which takes into account plans for future new plant or equipment. Such a programme will demonstrate a commitment to continual improvement. HSE MANAGEMENT CODES OF PRACTICE Volume 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COP ON FRAMEWORK OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT Document No: ADNOC-COPV3-01 Version 1 June, 2004 Page 19 5. 5.1 MONITORING EXPOSURE General Workers may be exposed to a wide range of hazardous agents in the workplace. Group Companies should monitor exposure to these agents to determine if risks to health may exist. Monitoring of occupational health hazards may comprise any of the following: • • • Qualitative exposure evaluation, taking into account the number of persons exposed, the frequency and the duration of exposure. Quantitative measurement of the workers’ environment Health surveillance of the exposed work force. 5.1.1 Qualitative Exposure Evaluation The personal exposure level to a particular agent is established by estimating: • The magnitude of exposure (e.g. breathing zone concentration of the agent, opportunity for skin contact, noise level, strain on musculoskeletal system). By examining each task involving the agent and evaluating the measures used to control exposure to it. Also identifying the exposure route, i.e. whether via inhalation, skin or eye contact, ingestion, hearing or affecting the musculo-skeletal system. The number of persons exposed. The frequency of exposure (times per day, week, month, year). The duration of exposure (minutes or hours per day). The likelihood of an increased level of exposure during normal operations or resulting from abnormal conditions or foreseeable emergencies. • • • • • In the first instance, this may be estimated from relevant data and the experience of suitably qualified personnel (e.g. qualified Industrial / Occupational Hygienist). However, if experience and data are insufficient to support the HRA, direct measurement will be required. 5.1.2 Quantitative Exposure Evaluation A quantitative evaluation of exposures by direct measurement of the hazardous agent must be considered to support the HRA decision-making process when: • • There is doubt about compliance with a recognised exposure limit (See relevant Codes of Practice.). Particularly serious effects could result from excessive exposure. HSE MANAGEMENT CODES OF PRACTICE Volume 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COP ON FRAMEWORK OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT Document No: ADNOC-COPV3-01 Version 1 June, 2004 Page 20 • • • • Justification is required for the implementation of control measures to meet acceptance criteria. The choice of control measures is dependent on level of exposure. The efficiency of control measures must evaluated. To alleviate employee concerns. Such measurements must be carried out according to validated methodology and quality control procedures (see section 5.4). The supporting Codes of Practice in this volume should be consulted for further information for exposure evaluation issues relevant to specific agent categories [3,4,5,6]. 5.1.3 Criteria for establishing a health surveillance program Group companies should follow the criteria below during an occupational health risk assessment to determine if a health surveillance program should be conducted: • • • • 5.2 There is an identifiable disease or health effect related to the work. Valid techniques exist for detecting the disease or health effect. There is reasonable likelihood that the disease or health effect could occur under the existing work conditions. The health surveillance is likely to further the protection of the health and safety of the employees covered. Exposure Monitoring Exposure monitoring may be required: • • • • • • When making occupational health risk assessment. To demonstrate effectiveness of control measures. For selection of personnel protective equipment. To ensure compliance with regulatory and company standards. To provide information for insurance claims and avoid civil liability. For epidemiological studies. [3] ADNOC Manual of Codes of Practice: ‘Code of practice on Occupational Health Risk Management - Chemical and Biological Agents’, ADNOC-COPV3-04. [4] ADNOC Manual of Code of Practice: ‘Code of practice on Occupational Health Risk Management - Physical Agents’, ADNOC-COPV3-05. [5] ADNOC Manual of Code of Practice: ‘Code of practice on Occupational Health Risk Management - Ergonomic Factors’, ADNOC-COPV3-06. [6] ADNOC Manual of Code of Practice: ‘Code of practice on Occupational Health Risk Management - Food Safety and Welfare’, ADNOC-COPV3-07. HSE MANAGEMENT CODES OF PRACTICE Volume 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COP ON FRAMEWORK OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT Document No: ADNOC-COPV3-01 Version 1 June, 2004 Page 21 5.3 Measurement Techniques Currently valid HSE (UK), NIOSH (US), OSHA (US) and ISO measurement protocols must be used for monitoring exposure of personnel to hazardous agents (see references [20, 21, 22, 23, 24] for further information). 5.4 Exposure Standards The ADNOC Group standards for exposure to hazardous agents are based on the current values established by ACGIH (The American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists). ACGIH publishes Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) for chemical substances, physical agents and Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [Ref. 16]. As ACGIH continually updates its standards, Group companies are responsible for obtaining the latest publication. 5.5 Laboratory Standards Only currently valid HSE (UK), NIOSH (US), OSHA (US), ISO or equivalent analytical methods must be used in exposure assessment studies. Laboratories providing occupational health analyses services to Group Companies must be suitably accredited. Examples of appropriate laboratory accreditation schemes for occupational hygiene analyses include UKAS (United Kingdom Accreditation Service) accreditation in the UK, AIHA (American Industrial Hygiene Association) accreditation and /or NVLAP (National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program) accreditation run by NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) in the US. Formal laboratory accreditation to ISO 17025:1999 “General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories” [17] will also satisfy this requirement. [16] ACGIH (Annually Updated) Threshold Limit Values (for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents) and Biological Exposure Indices (booklet). ACGIH (American Congress of Governmental Industrial Hygienists) Cincinnati, USA (www.acgih.org). [17] ISO 17025:1999. General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. International Standards Organisation. [20] HSE Monitoring Strategies for Toxic Substances. HSG 173. HSE Books, Norwich, UK, 1997 [21] HSE MDHS Series: Methods for Determination of Hazardous Materials. HSE Books, Norwich, UK (various dates). Th [22] NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM), 4 Edition. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication 94-113 , Eller, P & Cassinelli, M. editors. ISBN 1579791026, 1994. [23] OSHA Sampling and Analytical Methods Index. Available via internet at: www.osha-slc.gov/dts/sltc/methods/ [24] ISO Workplace Monitoring Standards – International Standards Organisation. Available via internet at : www.iso.ch HSE MANAGEMENT CODES OF PRACTICE Volume 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COP ON FRAMEWORK OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT Document No: ADNOC-COPV3-01 Version 1 June, 2004 Page 22 6. 6.1 HEALTH SURVEILLANCE General Health Surveillance is defined as: measures for monitoring the health of the workforce if risk to health cannot reasonably be excluded. Health surveillance requires an assessment of an employee's health, using medical or biological procedures to identify any significant abnormalities. Health Surveillance includes but is not limited to: • • • Identify any effects of work on health. Detect signs and symptoms of exposure to occupational hazards at an early stage. Identify any evidence of inadequate control of occupational hazards. Health surveillance of employees is often an important verification of the efficacy of the control measures in the workplace. Health surveillance covers the spectrum of potential effects of a hazard on an employee, from absorption of the substances through to clinical disease. Health surveillance may be grouped broadly into: • Biological monitoring, to measure the extent of absorption of a hazardous substance by the employee. This includes Biological Effect Monitoring – which is a measure of the amount of biochemical or physical change on an individual after exposure to a hazardous agent. Medical screening, to detect any adverse affects of a hazard on the employee. • Health Surveillance may be performed for either routine or historical reasons, or in direct response to specific concerns. However, it is expected that the HRA will be the primary method by which health surveillance is achieved. Personnel identified by the HRA as requiring health surveillance must be directed to the appropriate Group Company medical provider. The medical provider must conduct health surveillance in accordance with the ADNOC Group Guideline on Occupational Medicine [18]. 6.2 Designing and Implementing a Programme of Health Surveillance The following steps must be included in any programme of Health Surveillance: (a) (b) Risk assessment to determine the potential exposure to and routes of absorption of any agent hazardous to health. Identification of target-organ affected, so as to direct medical screening. [18] ADNOC Group Guideline ‘Occupational Medicine’ November, 2000 (under revision). HSE MANAGEMENT CODES OF PRACTICE Volume 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COP ON FRAMEWORK OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT Document No: ADNOC-COPV3-01 Version 1 June, 2004 Page 23 (c) Selection of appropriate tests and testing schedule. Tests must have the desirable operating characteristics of high sensitivity, specificity, reliability and predictive value. The frequency of testing must be based on an understanding of the nature of the hazard and the natural history of any adverse effects. Development of action criteria. Criteria for interpreting testing are published in the medical literature. However, in many cases, the occupational health physician will have to develop pragmatic criteria in the context of the specific workplace. Standardisation of test process. Quality control must be exercised, both in the testing site and in the laboratory contracted to carry out analyses. Consistency over time must be sought, so as to make repeat measurements comparable. Ethical considerations. Information and training of employees as required by section 7 of this document must include the rationale for doing medical surveillance, and the consequence of abnormal findings. An employee must be notified of the results and interpretation of his/her tests and any recommendations made. All information will be treated confidentially in accordance with recognised code of ethics [25]. Determination of employee's fitness to remain in that job. Results may be compared against the action criteria, and preferably also the employee's previous results, to determine whether individual action must taken. Action may include repeating the test, further medical examination, removal of the employee from further exposure, and notification of the employer. Co-operation of employees can be best secured by a policy of protection of conditions of service in case of medical removal from a particular job. Evaluation of control. An abnormal finding in an employee, or a pattern of findings in a group of employees, may point to inadequate primary control of exposure. In such cases, the employer must be notified of such details of the medical findings as are necessary to evaluate the workplace problem and take remedial action. Record-keeping. This includes both medical records and exposure information for every employee. Records should be maintained for at least 30 years. (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) ADNOC Group Guideline on Occupational Medicine [18] require that Group Companies perform health surveillance in circumstances where a risk assessment confirms this to be necessary. This surveillance is required to be carried out by an appropriately qualified physician. Copies of the results must be included in the employee’s medical file. A central register for epidemiological study must be maintained in the Group Company Occupational Health Department. [18] ADNOC Group Guideline ‘Occupational Medicine’ November, 2000 (under revision). [25] Code of Ethics at: www.racp.edu.au/afom/glethics HSE MANAGEMENT CODES OF PRACTICE Volume 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COP ON FRAMEWORK OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT Document No: ADNOC-COPV3-01 Version 1 June, 2004 Page 24 6.3 Measurement Techniques Currently valid HSE (UK), NIOSH (US), OSHA (US), Ministry of Health (U.A.E.) and ISO measurement protocols must be used for all health surveillance studies. 6.4 Laboratory Standards Currently valid HSE (UK), NIOSH (US), OSHA (US), ISO or equivalent analytical methods must be used. Laboratories performing health analyses must be suitably accredited. Examples of laboratory accreditation for such analyses include UKAS (United Kingdom Accreditation Service) accreditation in the UK, AIHA (American Industrial Hygiene Association) accreditation and/or NVLAP (National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program) in the US. Formal laboratory accreditation to ISO 17025:1999 “General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories” will also satisfy this requirement. HSE MANAGEMENT CODES OF PRACTICE Volume 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COP ON FRAMEWORK OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT Document No: ADNOC-COPV3-01 Version 1 June, 2004 Page 25 7. 7.1 TRAINING, AWARENESS AND COMPETENCE REQUIREMENTS General Requirements Personnel must be competent to perform tasks that may impact on health in the workplace. Competence must be defined in terms of appropriate education, skills and experience. Each Group Company must establish and maintain procedures to ensure that its employees working at each relevant function and level are aware of: • • • The importance of conformance to the OH policy and procedures, and to the requirements of the OH management system. The health consequences, actual or potential, of their work activities and the health benefits of improved personal performance. Their roles and responsibilities in achieving conformance to the OH policy and procedures and to the requirements of the OH management system, including emergency preparedness and response requirements. The potential consequences of departure from specified operating procedures. Training procedures must take into account differing levels of responsibility, ability and literacy. Risk issues. • • • 7.2 Specific Requirements Owing to the complexity and multi-factorial nature of occupational health issues, there is a range of competencies involved for various aspects of the HRA process. 7.2.1 HRA Personnel involved in the HRA process must either: • • Have completed a recognised training course and competency assessment Be able to demonstrate that their training fulfils risk assessment competency requirements. 7.2.2 Exposure Evaluation for HRA Personnel carrying out the exposure evaluation for HRA process must be suitably trained and competent. Standards of competence recognised by ADNOC include, but are not limited to, • Certified Industrial Hygienist (US standard) HSE MANAGEMENT CODES OF PRACTICE Volume 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COP ON FRAMEWORK OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT Document No: ADNOC-COPV3-01 Version 1 June, 2004 Page 26 • • • Registered Occupational Hygienist (Canadian standard) Membership in the faculty of Occupational Hygiene (UK standard) Membership in the Institute of Occupational Hygiene (Australian standard) Information on other internationally recognised equivalents may be obtained from the International Occupational Hygiene Association [26]. Suitably qualified technicians may carry out exposure monitoring activities under the supervision and control of a Professional Occupational or Industrial Hygienists. Additionally, other HRA exposure monitoring professionals with relevant competence include (but are not restricted to): • • • • • Health Physicist / Radiological Protection Specialist Professional Ergonomist Acoustics Engineer Consultant Microbiologist Professional Environmental Health Consultant. 7.2.3 Health Surveillance The highest standard of competence in health surveillance is the qualified occupational health physician, who shall be the primary technical authority in health surveillance matters. See Section 11.2 for responsibilities. Occupational physicians licensed by American Medical Association (US standard) or Associate of the faculty of Occupational medicine (UK standard) or other equivalent international standard are recognised by ADNOC. Where appropriate, Group Companies are permitted to share medical resources. [26] International Occupational Hygiene Association at http://www.ioha.com/epubs/ioharef/iohacode.htm HSE MANAGEMENT CODES OF PRACTICE Volume 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COP ON FRAMEWORK OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT Document No: ADNOC-COPV3-01 Version 1 June, 2004 Page 27 8. INFORMATION, CONSULTATION AND COMMUNICATION Group Companies must establish procedures for ensuring that relevant OH information is communicated to and from employees and other interested parties. Employee involvement and consultation arrangements must be adequately documented. Employees must also be: • • • • Involved in the development and review of policies and procedures to manage risks. Consulted where there are any changes that affect workplace health and safety. Represented on health and safety matters. Informed as to who is their employee OH representative(s) and specified management appointee. 8.1 Informed consent Accurate baseline information is of key importance in managing occupational health risk and health surveillance, and this information is usually obtained in direct contacts between medical personnel and the workforce. Informed consent should be obtained from patients, free of any pressure, compulsion or fear of consequence during medical testing, examination, screening or other procedure that is undertaken routinely or otherwise. Informed consent guidelines must be made available to medical professionals and patients. HSE MANAGEMENT CODES OF PRACTICE Volume 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COP ON FRAMEWORK OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT Document No: ADNOC-COPV3-01 Version 1 June, 2004 Page 28 9. LEGAL AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS Group Companies must establish and maintain procedures for identifying and accessing the legal and other OH requirements that are applicable to it. Group Companies must keep this information up-to-date and communicate relevant information on legal and other requirements to its employees and other relevant interested parties. 9.1 Maritime Laws & Regulations A number of ADNOC Group Companies (e.g. ADNATCO, NPCC, IRSHAD and NGSCO) are engaged in marine operations. Their vessels operate in UAE national, regional and international waters. Their personnel that work onboard the ships are subject to maritime laws, regulations and standards for managing the safety and health of their personnel, which include ISM Code (Safety Standards) and ISO 14001 (environmental standards). For some issues (e.g. medical check-ups, working hours, on-board accommodation) these may not be fully aligned with the ADNOC standards for HSE management that are applicable to companies that operate only within UAE boundaries. This and other ADNOC Codes of Practice apply to these marine companies in as far as that they provide detailed guidance on how to manage onboard health and safety. These companies must demonstrate efforts to implement equivalence with the ADNOC standards. However, the terms and conditions as specified in the contracts with onboard personnel should continue to refer to the internationally recognised maritime laws, regulations and standards. HSE MANAGEMENT CODES OF PRACTICE Volume 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COP ON FRAMEWORK OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT Document No: ADNOC-COPV3-01 Version 1 June, 2004 Page 29 10. 10.1 OBJECTIVES AND MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME Objectives Group Companies must establish and maintain documented occupational health objectives, at each relevant function and level within the Group Company. Objectives must be aligned with ADNOC’s corporate objectives and shall be quantified wherever practicable. When establishing and reviewing its objectives, each Group Company must consider its legal and other requirements, its OH hazards and risks, its technological options, its financial, operational and business requirements, and the views of interested parties. The objectives must be consistent with the OH policy, including the commitment to continual improvement. 10.2 OH Management Programme Occupational Health Management must form an integral element of the Group Company HSEMS. The OH part of HSEMS must include documentation on: • • The designated responsibility and authority for achievement of the objectives at relevant levels of the Group Company. The means and time-scale by which objectives are to be achieved. The OH management elements of the HSEMS must be reviewed at regular and planned intervals. Where necessary, the OH management programme elements must be amended to address changes to the activities, products, services, or operating conditions of the Group Company. HSE MANAGEMENT CODES OF PRACTICE Volume 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COP ON FRAMEWORK OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT Document No: ADNOC-COPV3-01 Version 1 June, 2004 Page 30 11. 11.1 IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION Structure and Responsibilities The roles, responsibilities and authorities of personnel who manage, perform and verify activities that contribute to OH risks of Group Companies, must be defined, documented and communicated, in order to facilitate OH management. Ultimate responsibility for occupational health and safety rests with top management. Management must provide resources essential to the implementation, control and improvement of OH. Such resources may include human and specialised skills, technology and financial resources. Each Group Company must designate a member of top management to have particular responsibility for ensuring that the OH management system is properly implemented and performing to requirements in all locations and spheres of operation within the Group Company. The Group Company’s management appointee must have a defined role, responsibility and authority for: • • Ensuring that OH management system requirements are established, implemented and maintained in accordance with this Code of Practice. Ensuring that reports on the performance of the OH management system are presented to top management for review and as a basis for improvement of the OH management system. All those with management responsibility must demonstrate their commitment to the continual improvement of OH performance. 11.2 The Role of the Primary Technical Authority The role of the primary technical authority i.e. the qualified occupational health physician (see Section 7.2.3) should be defined and communicated to relevant parties in the Group Companies i.e. those personnel that are tasked with the routine management of occupational health risk and/or provide advice therein. These include e.g. line management, corporate/workplace medical units and HSE specialist personnel. The role of the primary technical authority must include responsibilities to keep up to date with: • Modern developments in occupational Health risk management e.g. through consultation with the ADNOC technical Occupational Health Committee. Any changes that significantly alter exposure to health risk. • HSE MANAGEMENT CODES OF PRACTICE Volume 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COP ON FRAMEWORK OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT Document No: ADNOC-COPV3-01 Version 1 June, 2004 Page 31 12. 12.1 EMERGENCY RESPONSE, MEDICAL EMERGENCIES, FIRST AID, ACCIDENT AND INCIDENT REPORTING General Group Companies must establish and maintain plans and procedures to identify the potential for, and responses to, incidents and emergency situations, and for preventing and mitigating the likely illness and injury that may be associated with them. Each Group Company must review its emergency preparedness and response plans and procedures, in particular after the occurrence of incidents or emergency situations. Group Companies must also periodically test such procedures where practicable (see also: ADNOC Code of Practice on Control of Major Accident Hazards and ADNOC Code of Practice on Crisis and Emergency Management). 12.2 Accidents, Incidents, Non-conformances and Corrective and Preventive Action Group Companies must establish and maintain procedures for defining responsibility and authority for: • • • • The handling and investigation of accidents, incidents and nonconformances. Taking action to mitigate any consequences arising from accidents, incidents and non-conformances. The initiation and completion of corrective and preventive actions. Confirmation of the effectiveness of corrective and preventive actions taken. These procedures must require that all proposed corrective and preventive actions must be reviewed through the risk assessment process prior to implementation. Any corrective or preventive action taken to eliminate the causes of actual and potential non-conformances must be appropriate to the magnitude of problems and commensurate with the OH risk encountered. Group Companies must implement and record any changes in the documented procedures resulting from corrective and preventive action. HSE MANAGEMENT CODES OF PRACTICE Volume 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COP ON FRAMEWORK OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT Document No: ADNOC-COPV3-01 Version 1 June, 2004 Page 32 13. DOCUMENT CONTROL AND RECORD KEEPING Group Companies must establish and maintain procedures for the identification, maintenance and disposition of OH records, as well as the results of audits and reviews. OH records must be legible, identifiable and traceable to the activities involved. They must be stored and maintained in such a way that they are readily retrievable and protected against damage, deterioration or loss. Their retention times must be established and recorded. OH records must be maintained, as appropriate to the system and to the Group Company, to demonstrate conformance with this Code of Practice. Access to OH records must be in line with established standards for medical ethics and confidentiality. HSE MANAGEMENT CODES OF PRACTICE Volume 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COP ON FRAMEWORK OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT Document No: ADNOC-COPV3-01 Version 1 June, 2004 Page 33 14. PERFORMANCE MONITORING, MEASUREMENT AND REPORTING Group Companies must establish and maintain procedures to monitor and measure OH performance on a regular basis. These procedures must provide for: • • • Both qualitative and quantitative measures, appropriate to the needs of the Group Company. Monitoring of the extent to which the Group Company’s OH objectives are met. Proactive measures of performance that monitor compliance with the OH management programme, operational criteria and applicable legislation and regulatory requirements. Reactive measures of performance to monitor accidents, ill health, incidents (including near-misses) and other historical evidence of deficient OH performance. Recording of data and results of monitoring and measurement sufficient to facilitate subsequent corrective and preventive action analysis. • • If monitoring equipment is required for performance measurement and monitoring, the Group Company must establish and maintain procedures for the calibration and maintenance of such equipment. Records of calibration and maintenance activities and results must be retained. Performance reporting to ADNOC must be in accordance with the procedures as detailed in the ADNOC ‘Codes of Practice on HSE Administration Systems’ [19]. [19] ADNOC Manual of Codes of Practice: ‘Code of Practice on HSE Administration Systems’, ADNOC-COPV1-01. HSE MANAGEMENT CODES OF PRACTICE Volume 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COP ON FRAMEWORK OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT Document No: ADNOC-COPV3-01 Version 1 June, 2004 Page 34 15. 15.1 AUDIT AND REVIEW Audit Group Companies must establish and maintain an audit programme and procedures for periodic OH management system audits to be carried out, in order to: a) Determine whether or not the OH management system: − Conforms to planned arrangements for OH management, including the requirements of this Code of Practice. − Has been properly implemented and maintained. − Is effective in meeting the Group Company’s policy and objectives. Review the results of previous audits. Provide information on the results of audits to management. b) c) The OH audit programme, including any schedule, must be based on the results of risk assessments of individual Group Company activities, and the results of previous audits. The audit procedures must cover the scope, frequency, methodologies and competencies, as well as the responsibilities and requirements for conducting audits and reporting results. Wherever possible, OH audits must be conducted by personnel independent of those having direct responsibility for the activity being examined. 15.2 Management Review Group Company top management must periodically review the OH management system, to ensure its continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness. This review must be documented. The management review must address the possible need for changes to policy, objectives and other elements of the OH management system, in the light of OH management system audit results, changing circumstances and the commitment to continual improvement. HSE MANAGEMENT CODES OF PRACTICE Volume 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COP ON FRAMEWORK OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT Document No: ADNOC-COPV3-01 Version 1 June, 2004 Page 35 REFERENCES 1. 2. 3. Federal Law Number 8: Regulation of Labour Relations and Order Issued in implementation thereof. 1980. ADNOC Group Guideline ‘Health, Safety and Environmental Management Systems’, January, 2002. ADNOC Manual of Codes of Practice: ‘Code of practice on Occupational Health Risk Management - Chemical and Biological Agents’, ADNOC-COPV304. ADNOC Manual of Code of Practice: ‘Code of practice on Occupational Health Risk Management - Physical Agents’, ADNOC-COPV3-05. ADNOC Manual of Code of Practice: ‘Code of practice on Occupational Health Risk Management - Ergonomic Factors’, ADNOC-COPV3-06. ADNOC Manual of Code of Practice: ‘Code of practice on Occupational Health Risk Management - Food Safety and Welfare’, ADNOC-COPV3-07. ADNOC Manual of Code of Practice: ’Guideline on Noise Control & Hearing Conservation’, ADNOC-COPV3-10. ADNOC Manual of Code of Practice: ‘Guideline on Heat Stress’, (To be written.) ADNOC Manual of Code of Practice: ‘Guideline on Ionising Radiation’, ADNOC-COPV3-09. ADNOC Manual of Code of Practice: ‘Guideline on Exposure Monitoring’, ADNOC-COPV3-11. ADNOC Manual of Code of Practice: ‘Guideline on Health Risk Assessment (HRA)’, ADNOC-COPV3-08. ADNOC Manual of Code of Practice: ‘Guideline on Chemical Use’, ADNOCCOPV3-12. OHSAS 18001:1999, Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems Specification, British Standards Institute (BSI), London, UK. International Labour Organisation Draft step 3 document - Proposed Harmonisation of chemical hazard communication in the Globally Harmonised System. International Labour Office (ILO) ,2001. Available at www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/ghs/ghsfinal/index.htm HSE Guidance Note EH40. Occupational Exposure Limits (Updated Annually). HSE Books, HMSO, Norwich. (www.hse.gov.uk) 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. HSE MANAGEMENT CODES OF PRACTICE Volume 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COP ON FRAMEWORK OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT Document No: ADNOC-COPV3-01 Version 1 June, 2004 Page 36 16. ACGIH (Annually Updated) Threshold Limit Values (for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents) and Biological Exposure Indices (booklet). ACGIH (American Congress of Governmental Industrial Hygienists) Cincinnati, USA (www.acgih.org) ISO 17025:1999. General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. International Standards Organisation. ADNOC Group Guideline ‘Occupational Medicine’ November, 2000 (under revision). ADNOC Manual of Codes of Practice: ‘Code of Practice on HSE Administration Systems’, ADNOC-COPV1-01. HSE Monitoring Strategies for Toxic Substances. HSG 173. HSE Books, Norwich, UK, 1997 HSE MDHS Series: Methods for Determination of Hazardous Materials. HSE Books, Norwich, UK (various dates). NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM), 4Th Edition. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication 94-113 , Eller, P & Cassinelli, M. editors. ISBN 1579791026, 1994. OSHA Sampling and Analytical Methods Index. Available via internet at: www.osha-slc.gov/dts/sltc/methods/ ISO Workplace Monitoring Standards – International Standards Organisation. Available via internet at : www.iso.ch Code of Ethics at: www.racp.edu.au/afom/glethics International Occupational Hygiene Association at www.ioha.com/epubs/ioharef/iohacode.htm ADNOC Manual of Code of Practice: ‘Code of Practice on Occupational Health Risk Management - Human Factors and Personnel Related Aspects of HSE’, ADNOC-COPV3-02. ADNOC Manual of Code of Practice: ‘Guideline on HSE Definitions and Abbreviations’, ADNOC-COPV1-05. ADNOC Manual of Code of Practice: ‘Code of practice on Occupational Health Risk Management – General’, ADNOC-COPV3-03. Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations (29 CFR), Screening and Surveillance: A Guide to OSHA Standards. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.