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1.      Bibliotheca AlexandrinaThe lamp of Science, the Source of Knowledge (‫)ﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭﺍﺕ‬The Main Building, The Planetarium and The Conference CentreIt is a bilingual book ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ‬ prepared by Faress Awad Abonnour-Faress Oxford – who ‫ﻋﻭﺽ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺭ – ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻜﺴﻔﻭﺭﺩ‬ is specialized in English language ‫– ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﻜﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺍﻹﻨﻜﻠﻴﺯﻯ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ‬ and literature in addition to being specialized in studying heritage.. ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ Faress Awad ‫ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻋﻭﺽ‬ 2. ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫.‬‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫)ﻋـﱪ ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧـﺖ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫א‬‫אא‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒــﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻴــﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻗــﺮﺍﺹ ﺍﳌﺪﳎــﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻯ‬ ‫א‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ (‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫.‬ ‫.‬ ‫א א‬ 3. ‫‪‬‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫٧‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﺎﻟﻜﺎﺘﺏ‬‫٩‬ ‫ﻨﺒﺫﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬‫٢١‬‫ﺇﻫﺩﺍﺀ‬‫٦١‬‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‬‫‪ ‬‬ ‫91‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫٠٢‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻷﻭل : ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬‫٣٢‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ : ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬‫٩٢‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ : ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬‫١٣‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ: ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫33‬‫‪   ‬‬‫‪ ‬‬ ‫43‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫٨٣‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻷﻭل: ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ‬‫١٤‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺴﻜﻭ‬‫٣٤‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ : ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺤﺴﻨﻲ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ‬‫٦٤‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ : ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺩﺓ ﺴﻭﺯﺍﻥ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ‬‫٨٤‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ: ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬‫٥٥‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬ 4. ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫66‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫٧٦‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻷﻭل : ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬‫٩٦‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ : ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬‫‪ ‬‬ ‫57‬ ‫‪      ‬‬ ‫٦٧‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻷﻭل : ﺍﻟﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ‬‫٠٨‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ: ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ‬‫٤٩‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ: ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺯﻭﻴﺩ‬‫٧٩‬‫ﺨﺘﺎﻡ‬‫١٠١‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ‬ 5.  The Importance of The Book 6.      Bibliotheca Alexandrina The Lamp of Science, the Source of Knowledge1- The book in hand is in both ‫١- ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻴﺩﻴﻙ ﻫﻭ‬ Arabic and English..‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﻜﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ‬ 2- It is a documentary book‫٢- ﺇﻨﻪ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺜﺎﺌﻘﻲ ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ containing authenticated‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﻭﺜﻭﻕ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺸﻬﺭ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ information about the world’s .‫ﻋﺭﻓﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ most famous library. 3- It benefits those who work in the‫٣- ﺇﻨﻪ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﺒﺤﻘل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ‬field of translation from Arabicinto English and vice versa..‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻹﻨﻜﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻜﺱ‬ 4- It benefits the Arabs studying ‫٤- ﺇﻨﻪ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﺩﺍﺭﺴﻲ ﺍﻹﻨﻜﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ‬ English and the English studying .‫ﻭﺍﻹﻨﻜﻠﻴﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ Arabic. 5- It benefits the Arabs and the ‫٥- ﺇﻨﻪ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﻜﻠﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺘﻤﻴﻥ‬ English who are interested in history and heritage. .‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ‬ 7.   Introducing The Writer 8. Introducing The Writer  I am specialized in English‫ﺇﻨﻨﻲ ﻤﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﻜﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ‬ language and in translation from the‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺍﻹﻨﻜﻠﻴﺯﻱ ﻭﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ‬ English language into Arabic and vice versa. But studying and ‫ﺍﻹﻨﻜﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻜﺱ ، ﻟﻜﻥ‬ researching in heritage are my ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻫﻤﺎ ﻫﻭﺍﻴﺘﻲ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀﻠﺔ‬ favourite hobbies. On studying any sign of‫ﺇﻨﻨﻲ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺍﺜﺭ ﺃﻟﺠﺄ ﺍﻟﻰ‬ heritage, I refer to authenticated books in addition to contacting‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺜﻭﻕ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ specialists to provide me with true information about any sort of‫ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻥ ﻟﺘﺯﻭﻴﺩﻱ‬ heritage . .‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ‬ After getting what I want about‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺎﻴﺘﻲ ﻭﺒﻌﺩ‬ the sign of heritage, I begin to write‫ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ‬‫ﺃﻗﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺩﻭﻴﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﻜﻰ‬ down the acquired information so‫ﻴﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻟﺩﻴﻪ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬ that the reader can benefit by it.. ‫ﺘﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﺜﺭ‬ That has been done when‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺘﻡ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ thinking of writing a book about ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺇﺫ ﻗﻤﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ‬ Bibliotheca Alexandrina. I got‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﻭﺜﻭﻕ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺃﻭﻻ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ contacted with well-cultured‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ people. I got good and authenticated information by ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﺫﻭﻱ‬ reading several books relating to‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻗﻤﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺩﻭﻴﻥ‬ Bibliotheca Alexandrina..‫ﻹﻓﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ‬ Faress Awad‫ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻋﻭﺽ‬ 9.    What is the Book about? 10. What is the Book about?‫ﻨﺒﺫﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ The Book in hand is a‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻴﺩﻴﻙ ﻫﻭ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ documentary and memorial book which narrates the story of the ‫ﻭﺜﺎﺌﻘﻲ ﻭﺘﺫﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻴﺭﻭﻱ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺃﺸﻬﺭ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ world's most famous library..‫ﻋﺭﻓﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬The book tells the story of the ‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻴﺤﻜﻲ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ancient Library which ranked as a world wonder and how it came to‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺒﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﻭﻜﻴﻑ ﺇﻨﺘﻬﺕ ﺍﻷﺴﻁﻭﺭﺓ‬ be revived..‫ﻭﻜﻴﻑ ﻭﻟﺩﺕ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺇﺤﻴﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬ The Book is divided into five parts::‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻴﻨﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﺃﺠﺯﺍﺀ‬In the first part, the Book gives ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻴﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ‬ historical information about the ‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬ establishment of Alexandria, then‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺜﻡ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬ the ancient Library with its famous‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺫﻜﺭ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ scholars and concludes with ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻜﻴﻑ ﺃﺜﺭﻭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﺜﻡ‬ reference to the contents of the‫ﻴﺨﺘﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺒﺎﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ancient Library..‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬In the second part, the Book‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻴﺴﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ refers to the end of the Legend and‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻌﺽ‬ mentions some opinions concerning‫ﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻜﻴﻑ ﺍﻨﺘﻬﺕ‬ the end.. ‫ﺍﻷﺴﻁﻭﺭﺓ‬ In the third part, the Book ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﻴﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ displays the calls for the revival‫ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﻨﺎﺩﺕ ﺒﺎﻹﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ and the roles played by Dr Mustafa Al-Abbadi, Mrs Suzanne Mubarak, ‫ﻟﻌﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺩﺓ‬ UNESCO and finally the role of ‫ﺴﻭﺯﺍﻥ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺴﻜﻭ ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﺍ‬ president Mubarak who made the‫ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺤﺴﻨﻲ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﺠﻌل‬ Library get up out of its sleep and ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺘﻨﻬﺽ ﻤﻥ ﺴﺒﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺯﻫﻭ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺨﺭ‬ stand in pride by Alexandria's .‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺎﻁﺊ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬ waterfront. 11. In the fourth part, the Book displays the idea of establishing the ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ ﻴﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ‬ new Edifice which is a revival of‫ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺇﺤﻴﺎﺀ‬ the ancient Library. It shows how the modern Edifice has been ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻜﻴﻑ ﺘﻡ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺫﻟﻙ‬ established and also shows its shape and components. .‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﺡ ﻭﺸﻜﻠﻪ ﻭﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺘﻪ‬In the fifth part, the Book displays the contents of the Library ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ ﻴﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ after the revival. As well, it shows‫ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻹﺤﻴﺎﺀ‬ the most famous documents and manuscripts and speaks about the‫ﻤﻥ ﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ ﻭﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ Acquisitions Department and its role..‫ﻋﻥ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺯﻭﻴﺩ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬The Book contains important ‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺼﻭﺭ ﻫﺎﻤﺔ ﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ‬ pictures of the Library's divisions, the reading rooms and some ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻁﻼﻉ ﻭﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ‬ documents and manuscripts. .‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ‬ 12.  Dedication 13. Dedication  But for the existence of the present ‫ﻟﻭﻻ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬ Bibliotheca Alexandrina, I would not have thought of issuing this ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻜﻨﺕ ﻗﺩ ﻓﻜﺭﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬ Book and I would not have been known to the reader. Therefore, I‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻭﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺩ ﻋﺭﻓﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ‬ dedicate this Book to all those who‫ﻟﺫﺍ ﺃﻫﺩﻯ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻴﺩ‬ participated in the revival process and to all those who keep the‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ ﻴﺤﺎﻓﻅﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ library to sustain. . ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ‬ I dedicate this book to ……...... ‫ﺍﻫﺩﻱ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻰ‬ 1- President Hosni Mubarak‫١- ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻨﻲ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ‬The man who issued Law ١ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺠل ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﺍﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ‬ No. 1 for 2001 concerning the‫ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ١٠٠٢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ Library of Alexandria and its‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺜﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺴﻭﻡ‬ components then the Presidential Decree No. 76 for 2001 about ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﺎﺴﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ ٦٧ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ١٠٠٢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ‬ the manner of its management‫ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻨﺫﺭ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬ and decided to be its patron..‫ﻟﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺭﺍﻋﻴﺎ ﻟﻬﺎ‬ 2- Mrs. Suzanne Mubarak ‫٢- ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺩﺓ ﺴﻭﺯﺍﻥ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ‬ The person who exerted‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺒﺫﻟﺕ ﻗﺼﺎﺭﻯ‬ great efforts so that the great‫ﺠﻬﺩﻫﺎ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ‬ edifice could come to existence..‫ﺤﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ 14. 3- Dr. Mostafa Al-Abbadi‫٣- ﺩ. ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ‬The man who turned attention ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺠل ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻟﻔﺕ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ‬ to the idea of reviving Bibliotheca Alexandrina and who had sowed the ‫ﺇﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻏﺭﺱ‬ seed and paved the way for others to irrigate it..‫ﺍﻟﺒﺫﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺯﻡ ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ ﺒﺭﻴﻬﺎ‬ 4- Dr. Lulfi Doweidar‫٤- ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻟﻁﻔﻲ ﺩﻭﻴﺩﺍﺭ‬The then president of the – ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ University of Alexandria who supported the idea of re-establishing‫ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﺃﻴﺩ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ Bibliotheca Alexandrina and that ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻤﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ‬ paved the way to have a preparatory committee formed to study the ‫ﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺭﺡ‬ proposed project and to contact the ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﺎﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬ concerned officials of the Egyptian government and UNESCO. As well, that made the University of ‫ﻭﺘﺨﺼﻴﺹ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻁﻌﺔ ﻤﻥ‬ Alexandria allocate a plot of land. ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻹﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺭﺡ‬ for building the proposed project. 5- United Nations Educational,‫٥- ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬Scientific and CulturalOrganization ( UNESCO)(‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ) ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺴﻜﻭ‬That exerted great efforts so‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺒﺫﻟﺕ ﺠﻬﺩﺍ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺍ ﻟﻜﻰ ﻴﺒﺯﻍ‬‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ that the proposed revival project could come to existence..‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻭﻴﺨﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺭ‬ 6- Dr Mohsen Zahran‫٦- ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺤﺴﻥ ﺯﻫﺭﺍﻥ‬Who played an essential role making the design a reality till the ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻰ‬ magnificent Building came to ‫ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻤﻠﻤﻭﺱ ﻭﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﺤﺘﻰ ﻅﻬﺭ‬ existence. And now it stands in full glory by the Mediterranean in‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺭﺍﺌﻌﺎ ﻤﺒﻬﺭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺎﻁﺊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ‬ Alexandria . .‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬ 15. 6- All those who work at the great‫٧- ﻜل ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬Edifice Who give it soul and life. .‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ ﻴﻌﻁﻭﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ 8- All those who are interested in ‫٨- ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻬﺘﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬ science, culture, knowledge and the values of right, justice and beauty. .‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻭﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺩل ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎل‬Fares Awad‫ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻋﻭﺽ‬ 16.  General Introduction 17. General Introduction ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤــــــﺔ ﻋﺎﻤـــــﺔ‬ “Bibliotheca Alexandrina” is ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻗﺩﻡ‬ considered one of the most ancient‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺇﺫ ﻴﻤﺘﺩ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ buildings upon the Earth as its ‫ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﺎﻡ ٥٩٢ ﻕ.ﻡ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻬﺩ‬ establishment is rooted to the year‫ﺒﻁﻠﻴﻤﻭﺱ ﺍﻷﻭل ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﺘﻭﻟﻰ ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺼﺭ‬ 295 B.C. during the reign of Ptolemy I who followed Alexander ‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﺍﻻﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭ ﺍﻷﻜﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻰ‬ the Great of Macedony who died in ‫ﻋﺎﻡ ٣٢٣ ﻕ.ﻡ ﻋﻥ ﻋﻤﺭ ﻴﻨﺎﻫﺯ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ 323 B.C. at the age of 33.. ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﻴﻥ‬ When I thought to issue a book‫ﺇﻨﻨﻲ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻓﻜﺭﺕ ﻓﻰ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ about Bibliotheca Alexandrina, I first got fortified with knowledge‫ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺤﺼﻨﺕ‬ and true information so that the ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﺃﻭﻻ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ book could be a documentary one about one of the most important ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻟﻜﻰ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺎ ﻭﺜﺎﺌﻘﻴﺎ ﻋﻥ‬ edifices of science and knowledge‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺼﺭﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻓﻰ‬ in the world. To achieve that I got contacted with some documentary ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﻭﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻗﻤﺕ ﺒﺎﻻﻁﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ sources such as : : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﺜﺎﺌﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺘﻴﻪ‬ 1- “ The Legend of Alexandria, the ‫١- ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺃﺨﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬story of the world’s most famous ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﻰ " ﺃﺴﻁﻭﺭﺓ‬library” by Akhbar Al-Yom. ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﺸﻬﺭ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﺭﻓﻬﺎ‬" ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ 2- Different websites about ‫٢- ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻋﻥ‬ Bibliotheca Alexandrina .. ‫ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬ 3- “The History of Alexandria and its civilization since Ancient‫٣- "ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ times” ‫ﻭﺤﻀﺎﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻨﺫ ﺍﻗﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻭﺭ" ﻟﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ By : Mohammad Awwad Hassaneen‫ﻋﻭﺍﺩ ﺤﺴﻨﻴﻥ‬ 18. 4- “History and Fate of the Old ‫٤- "ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﺴﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬ Library of Alexandria” by Dr. Mustafa Al- Abbadi.‫ﻭﻤﺼﻴﺭﻫﺎ" ﻟﻠﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ‬ Dear reader , ‫ﻋﺯﻴﺯﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ‬The present Library of ‫ﺇﻥ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺕ‬ Alexandria is not a new plantation but it is a revival and resurrection‫ﻏﺭﺴﺎ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺍ ﺒل ﻫﻲ ﺇﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺒﻌﺙ ﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ of the ancient Bibliotheca ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﻅﻠﺕ ﻤﺨﺘﻔﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ‬ Alexandrina that remained hidden in the memory of history for‫ﺫﺍﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻟﻘﺭﻭﻥ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺃﺘﻰ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺎﺩﻯ‬ centuries till the coming of those.‫ﺒﺈﺤﻴﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﻭﺤﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻌﺜﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬‫ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻭل ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ who called for its revival and finally those who turned the dream into a real fact. .‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﺡ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‬The person who studies the‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺭﺱ ﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬ history of Bibliotheca Alexandrina has to go through three stages ::‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺴﻴﺭ ﻓﻰ ﺜﻼﺙ ﻤﺭﺍﺤل‬ 1- The Establishment Stage ‫١- ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺀ‬ 2- The Destruction Stage .‫٢- ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﺀ‬ 3- The Revival Stage .‫٣- ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺙ ﻭﺍﻹﺤﻴﺎﺀ‬This book will take you through ‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺴﻴﺄﺨﺫﻙ ﻓﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺤل‬ the three stages till you come out of‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﺨﺭﺝ ﺃﺨﻴﺭﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺁﺨﺭ ﺒﺎﺏ‬ the last door of the Present Edifice ..‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ‬ 19.   ‫א‬ ‫• ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬‫• ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬‫• ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬‫• ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ Part IThe Establishment • The Establishment of Alexandria • The Establishment of the Ancient Bibliotheca Alexandrina • The Scholars of the Ancient Bibliotheca Alexandrina • The Holdings of the Ancient Bibliotheca Alexandrina 20.   Chapter One‫א‬ The Establishment of Alexandria 21. With Asia Minor and the ‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺴﻘﻭﻁ ﺁﺴﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺭﻯ ﻭﺒﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‬ eastern Mediterranean area under ‫ﺘﺤﺕ ﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭ ﺍﻷﻜﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻭﻨﻲ‬ his control, Alexander the Great of Macedony headed for Egypt to‫ﻴﺘﺠﻪ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭ ﺒﺠﻴﻭﺸﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺼﺭ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ‬ secure wheat for the Greek people‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺢ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺎﻥ‬ and army. . ‫ﻭﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺠﻴﺸﻪ‬On his way north, Alexander ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎل‬ admired a plot of land to establish a fine metropolis. The location was ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻬﻭﻴﻪ ﻗﻁﻌﺔ ﺃﺭﺽ ﻓﻴﻔﻜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬ extremely convenient as the Nile water could be supplied to it and in‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻟﻘﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺎ ﻹﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ front of the land there was a small ‫ﻭﺼﻭل ﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻴل ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﻟﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻪ ﺠﺯﻴﺭﺓ‬ island that could be a good defence frontline. .‫ﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ ﺘﺸﻜل ﺠﺒﻬﺔ ﺩﻓﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻴﺔ‬ The metropolis was designed‫ﺘﻡ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻭﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬ and planned by Denocrates who ‫ﺩﻴﻨﻭﻗﺭﺍﻁ ﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‬ divided it into five districts that‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺇﺇﻟﻰ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﺃﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﺃﻋﻁﻴﺕ ﺍﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ were given Greek names.. ‫ﻴﻭﻨﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬It is noteworthy to say that ‫ﻭﺠﺩﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻘﻭل ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭ‬ Alexander the Great of Macedony was a great military leader and a‫ﺍﻷﻜﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺌﺩﺍ ﻋﺴﻜﺭﻴﺎ ﻋﻅﻴﻤﺎ‬ man of creative thought. He ‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﺠﻼ ﺫﺍ ﻓﻜﺭ ﺨﻼﻕ ﺸﺠﻊ ﺭﺠﺎل‬ encouraged literary figures, artists and philosophers. He was‫ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻼﺴﻔﺔ ، ﻭﻟﻘﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺸﺩﻴﺩ‬ particularly fond of Homer and carried the Iliad whenever he ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺄﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﻫﻭﻤﻴﺭﻭﺱ ﺇﺫ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﻠﺤﻤﺔ‬ travelled even in his military . ‫ﺍﻹﻟﻴﺎﺫﺓ ﺭﻓﻴﻕ ﺃﺴﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺯﺍﻭﺘﻪ‬ expeditions. 22. ‫‪Alexander the Great of‬‬‫ﻟﻘﺩ ﺃﻨﺸﺄ ﺍﻻﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭ ﺍﻷﻜﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪Macedony established Alexandria‬‬‫ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ١٣٣ ﻕ.ﻡ ﻟﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫‪in 331 B.C. to be a port to serve‬‬ ‫‪world commerce and to‬‬‫ﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﻟﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻲ ﺘﺨﻠﺩ‬ ‫.‪immortalize his name‬‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭﺍﻩ.‬‫‪But eight years after the‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺜﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫,‪establishment of Alexandria‬‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ٣٢٣ ﻕ.ﻡ.‬ ‫‪namely in 323 B.C., Alexander died‬‬‫ﺘﻭﻓﻰ ﺍﻻﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﺒل ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﺼﺎﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪of malaria in Babylon. He died at‬‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺭﻴﺎ ﺍﺜﺭ ﻟﺩﻏﺔ ﺒﻌﻭﻀﺔ ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫.‪the age of 33 years‬‬‫ﻴﺒﻠﻎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ ٣٣ ﺴﻨﺔ .‬ 23.   Chapter Two ‫א‬‫א‬ The Establishment of the Ancient Bibliotheca Alexandrina 24. After the sudden death of ‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺠﺌﺔ ﻟﻺﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭ ﺍﻷﻜﺒﺭ‬ Alexander the Great of Macedony,-‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻭﻨﻲ ﺘﻭﻟﻰ ﺒﻁﻠﻴﻤﻭﺱ ﺍﻷﻭل-ﺴﻭﺘﻴﺭ‬ Ptolemy I, Sotir, took the throne and made Alexandria capital of his ‫ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺼﺭ ﻭﺠﻌل ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﺼﻤﺔ‬ kingdom..‫ﻟﻤﻠﻜﻪ‬Ptolemy I wanted to make‫ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﻁﻠﻴﻤﻭﺱ ﺍﻷﻭل ﺃﻥ ﻴﺠﻌل‬ Alexandria a world wonder and ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺇﺤﺩﻯ ﻋﺠﺎﺌﺏ ﺍﻟﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﻭﻷﻨﻪ ﻜﺎﻥ‬ because he was enthusiastic for learning and discovery, he entrusted ‫ﻤﺘﺤﻤﺴﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻻﻜﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻓﻘﺩ ﻋﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻰ‬ Demetrius of Phalerum with ‫ﺩﻴﻤﺘﺭﻴﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻴﺭﻱ ﺒﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺙ‬ building a research centre, the‫ﻋﺭﻑ ﺒﺎﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴﻴﻭﻥ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ Mouseion, and a library to serve the Mouseion Scholars. That was in‫ﻟﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴﻴﻭﻥ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﺎﻡ‬ 295 B.C. .‫٥٩٢ ﻕ.ﻡ‬The Mouseion and the Library‫ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴﻴﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻴﻘﻌﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ‬ were situated in the royal precinct near the Ptolemaic palaces. The ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻲ ﻗﺭﺏ ﻗﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﻟﻤﺔ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ location of the ancient Library was ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ – ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺭﺠﺢ – ﻫﻭ ﻨﻔﺱ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ probably the same location of the present Library which was chosen ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﺘﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﻹﺤﻴﺎﺀ‬ to revive the ancient Edifice. .‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬The Mouseion and the ancient ‫ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴﻴﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻫﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺍﺓ‬ Library were the core of the Old‫ﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺠﺫﺒﺕ‬ University of Alexandrina that attracted the great intellectuals such‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫل ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺃﻤﺜﺎل‬ as Herophilos, Hipparchus,‫ﻫﻴﺭﻭﻓﻴﻠﻭﺱ ﻭﻫﺒﺎﺭﺨﻭﺱ ﻭﺇﻴﺭﺍﺘﻭﺴﻴﻥ‬ Eratosthenes, and Archimedes..‫ﻭﺍﺭﺸﻤﻴﺩﺱ‬ 25. The Ptolemies did their best to ‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺒﺫل ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﻟﻤﺔ ﻗﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﺠﻬﺩﻫﻡ‬ supply the ancient Library with original copies of work produced at ‫ﻟﺘﺯﻭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺅﻟﻔﺎﺕ‬ the time. The original copies were ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺼﺭﻫﻡ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺫﻟﻙ‬ taken from ships or from anywhere else under their control then‫ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻥ‬ rewritten. The original copies were ‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻟﺴﻴﻁﺭﺘﻬﻡ ﺜﻡ ﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻔﺎﻅ ﺒﺎﻷﺼﻭل ﻭﺘﻌﻁﻲ‬ kept and the rewritten ones were given to the owners of the original copies..‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺒﻬﺎ‬The Ptolemies did their best to‫ﻟﻘﺩ ﺒﺫل ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﻟﻤﺔ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺴﻌﻬﻡ‬ supply the ancient Library with ‫ﻟﺘﺯﻭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺅﻟﻔﺎﺕ‬ original copies of work produced at‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺼﺭﻫﻡ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ the time as in ancient Egypt academic and scientific‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﺜل‬ establishments such as research ‫ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻫﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ centres, libraries and other‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺘﺭﻋﺎﻫﺎ ﻭﺘﻤﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﻜﺱ‬ institutions for learning were state- sponsored unlike Greece where‫ﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺎﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ scientific institutions and libraries‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻫﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﻠﻜﺎ‬ were privately owned and run. . ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺎ ﻷﺼﺤﺎﺒﻬﺎ‬The wealth of the ancient ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ Library was not only confined to‫ﺘﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﻀﻤﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺜﺭﻭﺓ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ‬ scrolls but curators added more grandeur to the place as well ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻔﺎﺌﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﺎﺀ‬ because they were not mere civil ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ ﻋﻬﺩ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻡ ﺒﺎﻹﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻡ‬ servants but they were‫ﻴﻜﻭﻨﻭﺍ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﻤﻬﻤﺘﻬﻡ ﺨﺩﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺒل‬ distinguished scholars such as Zenodotus, the epic poet, ‫ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﻴﺯﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﺜﺎل‬ Eratosthenes, the astronomer and ‫ﺯﻴﻨﻭﺩﻭﺘﻭﺱ ﺸﺎﻋﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻡ ﻭﺇﻴﺭﺍﺘﻭﺘﻴﻥ‬ geographer, Aristarchus who ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻜﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻲ ﻭﺃﺭﻴﺴﺘﺎﺭﺨﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻷﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﻜﺎﻟﻴﻤﺎﺨﻭﺱ‬ published lyrics and Callimachus who laid the principles of the indexing system.. ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺭﺴﺔ‬ 26. The ancient Library of ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﺘﻔﺭﺩﺓ‬ Alexandria was unique as it offered‫ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺇﺫ ﻗﺩﻤﺕ ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ‬ a new experience in history of human knowledge and it sought to‫ﻓﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺴﻌﺕ‬ house the knowledge and ‫ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﺤﺘﻭﺍﺀ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ‬ experience of others. But other‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻜﺎﻥ‬ libraries were primarily local or regional and were community-‫ﻴﻐﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬ based..‫ﺒﺸﺌﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬Thus, Bibliotheca Alexandrina‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ ﺍﺤﺘﻭﺕ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬ housed the treasures of human ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻨﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﻗﺩ‬ thought. It was universal as it ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺠﻤﻌﺕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ included writings from various ‫ﻭﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻭﺏ ﺒﻘﺩﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺠﺩﻴﺭﺓ‬ cultures that were worthly to be read and studied. Under Potelmies ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ‬ these treasures were translated into‫ﻋﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﻟﻤﺔ ﺒﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﻜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻭﺯ‬ Greek.. ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ At that time the shape of the ‫ﻜﺎﻥ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻗﺩﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ‬ book was different from its present ‫ﺸﻜﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﺇﺫ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻟﻔﺎﻓﺔ ﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ‬ shape. The book was a long scroll ‫ﻴﻜﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻴﻥ ﻟﻠﻴﺴﺎﺭ ﻟﻭ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ and the writing was from right to left if in Ancient Egyptian and from‫ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﻴﻤﻴﻥ‬ left to right if in Greek. The scroll ‫ﻟﻭ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﺎﺌﻑ‬ was placed in a cylindrical case that ‫ﺘﻭﻀﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﻁﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺃﻓﻘﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ was kept horizontally on the library‫ﺍﺭﻓﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺒﻠﻐﺕ ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ‬ shelves. There were about 900.000 scrolls in all branches of‫ﺘﺴﻌﻤﺎﺌﺔ ﺃﻟﻑ ﺒﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻓﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ‬ knowledge. . ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬ 27. Scholars made use of scribes ‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺒﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ and the fee of the scribe was determined according to the quality‫ﺃﻭﻨﺎﺴﺨﻴﻥ ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﺠﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺘﺏ ﻴﺤﺩﺩ ﺤﺴﺏ‬ of the writing and the number of lines. .‫ﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻭﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﺴﻁﺭ‬Callimachus, who laid the ‫ﻗﺎﻡ ﻜﺎﻟﻴﻤﺎﺨﻭﺱ ﻋﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺭﺴﺔ ﺒﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‬ principles of the indexing system, divided the Library according to ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻓﺭﻭﻉ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺎﺕ‬ topics. About the book itself, ‫ﻭﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﺫﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﻭﺍﺴﻡ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ‬ indexing involved recording the origin of the book, the name of the ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺯﻭﺩ ﺒﻪ ﻭﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ owner, the name of the supplier, the‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺅﻟﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻟﻔﻴﻥ ﻭﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﺴﻁﺭ‬‫ﻭﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ، ﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻜﺎﻟﻴﻤﺎﺨﻭﺱ ﺒﻌﻤل‬ sort of the book, the author or authors, the number of lines and the content of the book. As well, ‫ﺴﺠﻼﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﻴﺯﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻜل‬ Callimachus listed the authors in . ‫ﻓﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬ various branches of knowledge.Thanks to the indexing system,‫ﺒﻔﻀل ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺭﺴﺔ ﻟﻡ ﻴﺠﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ‬ the reader did not find any ‫ﺼﻌﻭﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻜﺎﻥ‬ difficulty to get the needed book. The system of indexing and ‫ﻴﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺀﺘﻪ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻟﻌﻠﻡ‬ bibliography has had a great effect‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺭﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﺍﻋﻅﻡ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜل‬ not only on the ages that followed‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻜل ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ Callimachus but on the indexing scholars as well. . ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺭﺴﺔ‬In 283 B.C., Ptolemy II ‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ٣٨٢ ﻕ.ﻡ ﺘﻭﻟﻰ ﺒﻁﻠﻴﻤﻭﺱ‬ succeeded his father Ptolemy I. He ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻩ ﺒﻁﻠﻴﻤﻭﺱ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻭﻗﺩ‬ arrested Demetrius of Phalerum and exiled him to Delta where he died ‫ﺃﻤﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺒﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻴﻤﺘﺭﻴﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻟﻴﺭﻱ ﻭﺘﻡ‬ there. Ptolemy II did so because ‫ﻨﻔﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﻟﺘﺎ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻤﺎﺕ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ. ﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ‬ Demetrius had advised Ptolemy I to‫ﻻﻥ ﺩﻴﻤﺘﺭﻴﻭﺱ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺩ ﺃﺸﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ name another brother to be the heir to the throne instead of himself. ‫ﺒﻁﻠﻴﻤﻭﺱ ﺍﻷﻭل ﺃﻥ ﻴﻭﻟﻲ ﻋﺭﺸﻪ ﻻﺒﻥ ﺁﺨﺭ‬.‫ﻏﻴﺭ ﺒﻁﻠﻴﻤﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ 28. About half a century of the‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﻨﺼﻑ ﻗﺭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ‬ establishment of Bibliotheca ‫ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻨﻤﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﺯﺍﺩ‬ Alexandrina, the Library acquisitions grew to the extent that‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﻓﺘﻘﺭﺭ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻓﺭﻉ ﺁﺨﺭ ﺘﺎﺒﻊ‬ an annex had to be built to store the‫ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺘﻭﻀﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻉ‬ books. The annex was a separate ‫ﺍﻵﺨﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻤﻨﻔﺼل ﺒﻌﻴﺩﺍ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ location away from premises of the ‫ﻭﺘﻭﺍﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ main Library. It was called the‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺤﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﺒﺎﺴﻡ " ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺒﻨﺔ " ﻭﻗﺩ‬ “Daughter Library”. It was part of the Serapeum which is now the ‫ﻜﺎﻥ ﺠﺯﺀﺍ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﺍﺒﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻪ‬ district of Amud Al Sawari..‫ﺍﻵﻥ ﺤﻲ ﻋﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺍﺭﻱ‬ 29.   Chapter Three‫א‬ Scholars of the Ancient BibliothecaAlexandrina 30. There were distinguished‫ﻟﻘﺩ ﻀﻤﺕ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ scholars whose works enriched the Library. They were Euclid of ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺒﺎﺭﺯﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﺜﺎل ﺇﻗﻠﻴﺩﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻱ ﻋﺎﻟﻡ‬ Alexandrina, who was a leading mathematician, Appolonius, the ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﺒﻭﻟﻭﻨﻴﺎﺱ ﻋﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ‬ prominent scholar of geometry,‫ﻭﺩﻴﻤﺘﺭﻴﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻟﻴﺭﻯ ﻤﻨﺸﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴﻴﻭﻥ‬ Demetrius of Phalerum, the founder of the Mouseion and the ancient‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﺃﻭل ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﻜﺎﻟﻴﻤﺎﺨﻭﺱ‬ Library of Alexandria and the first ‫ﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻤﻴﺩﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﻋﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺭﺴﺔ‬ curator of the Library, Callimachus, the owner of the indexing system‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﻭﺇﻴﺭﺍﺘﻭﺴﻴﻥ ﻋﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﻭﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ and the second curator, Eratosthenes, the philosopher and the third curator, ‫ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ، ﻜﻤﺎ ﻀﻤﺕ ﻫﻴﺒﺎﺘﻴﺎ‬ Hypatia of Alexandrina, the‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻴﻠﺴﻭﻓﺔ‬ mathematist and the philosopher, Zenodorus, the mathematician,‫ﻭﺯﻴﻨﻭﺩﻭﺭﺍﺱ ﻋﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﺭﺸﻤﻴﺩﺱ‬ Archimedes, the mathematician and Cludius Ptolemy, the astronomer.‫ﻋﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻜﻠﻭﺩﻴﻭﺱ ﺒﻁﻠﻴﻤﻭﺱ ﻋﺎﻟﻡ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻙ‬ 31.   Chapter Four ‫א‬‫א‬ The Holdings of the Ancient BibliothecaAlexandrina 32. Through our knowledge of the ‫ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ classical traditions and the surviving papyri that include‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﻭﺱ‬ references to the Library, we could‫ﻟﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﺤﻭﻴﻪ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ have a brief list of the important works that the ancient Library ‫ﻨﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻭل ﺒﺎﻨﻬﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﺤﻭﻱ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻻ‬ housed..‫ﻫﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬In poetry it housed works for‫ﺍﺤﺘﻭﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﻤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺭ‬ Homer, Hesiod, Safo, Anakreon, ‫ﻟﻬﻭﻤﻴﺭﻭﺱ ﻭﻫﻴﺴﻴﻭﺩ ﻭﺴﺎﻓﻭ ﻭﺃﻨﺎﻜﺭﻴﻭﻥ‬ Simonides, Pendar, Bacchylides,‫ﻭﺴﻴﻤﻭﻨﻴﺩﺱ ﻭﺒﻨﺩﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺒﺨﻴﻠﻴﺩﺱ ﻭ‬ Callimachus, Appolonius,‫ﻜﺎﻟﻴﻤﺎﺨﻭﺱ ﻭ ﺃﺒﻭﻟﻭﻨﻴﺎﺱ ﻭ ﺜﻴﻭﻜﺭﻴﺘﺱ ﻭ‬ Theocretes and Aratoas..‫ﺃﺭﺍﺘﻭﺍﺱ‬In Drama it housed works for‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺘﺤﻭﻱ‬ Acchylus, Sophacles, Euripides,‫ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻻ ﻟﻠﺩﺭﺍﻤﻴﻴﻥ ﺃﺨﻴﻼﺱ ﻭﺴﻭﻓﺎﻜﻠﻴﺱ‬ Aristophanes, Menander and‫ﻭﻴﻭﺭﻴﺒﻴﺩﻭﺱ ﻭﺃﺭﻴﺴﺘﻭﻓﻴﻥ ﻭﻤﻴﻨﺎﻨﺩﺭ‬ Starton.. ‫ﻭﺴﺘﺎﺭﺘﻭﻥ‬ In criticism it housed works for‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺩ ﺍﺤﺘﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﻤﺎل‬ Zenodotus, Aristophannes and ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻘﺎﺩ ﺯﻴﻨﻭﺩﻭﺘﺎﺱ ﻭﺃﺭﺴﻁﻭﻓﺎﻥ‬. ‫ﻭﺃﺭﺴﻁﻭﻨﻴﻜﺱ‬ Aristonicus.In philosophy it housed works ‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﺍﺤﺘﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ for Anaxmander, Parmenides,‫ﺍﻋﻤﺎل ﻟﻠﻔﻼﺴﻔﺔ ﺃﻨﺎﻜﺯﻤﻨﺩﺭ ﻭﺒﺎﺭﻤﻨﻴﺩﺱ‬ Heraclitus, Plato, Aristotle, Theophrastus, Zeno, Epicuras,‫ﻭﺯﻴﻨﻭﻓﻴﻥ ﻭﻫﻴﺭﺍﻗﻠﻴﻁﺱ ﻭﺃﻓﻼﻁﻭﻥ ﻭﺃﺭﺴﻁﻭ‬ Pyrrhon, Panaetius, Philon, ‫ﻭﺜﻴﻭﻓﺭﺍﻁﺱ ﻭﺯﻴﻨﻭ ﻭﺃﺒﻴﻘﻭﺭﺱ ﻭﺒﻴﺭﻫﻭﻥ‬ Apollonius and Plotinus. . ‫ﻭﺒﻨﺎﺘﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﻓﻴﻠﻭﻥ ﻭﺃﺒﻭﻟﻭﻨﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﺒﻠﻭﺘﻴﻨﺎﺱ‬ In history it housed works for ‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﺤﺘﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ Hecataeus, Herodotus, Thucydides, Zenophanes, Ephorus and‫ﺍﻋﻤﺎل ﻟﻬﻴﻜﺎﺘﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﻫﻴﺭﻭﺩﻭﺕ ﻭﺜﻭﻜﻴﺩﻴﺩﺱ‬ Hecateus.. ‫ﻭﺯﻴﻨﻭﻓﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻴﻔﻭﺭﺍﺱ ﻭﻫﻴﻜﺎﺘﻴﺎﺱ‬ 33. ‫‪In science the ancient Library‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﺤﺘﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫,‪housed works for Eudotus, Euclid‬‬ ‫,‪Aristarchus, Straton, Eratosthenes‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺃﻴﻭﺩﺘﺱ ﻭﺇﻗﻠﻴﺩﺱ ﻭﺃﺭﻴﺴﺘﺎﺭﺨﻭﺱ‬ ‫,‪Meyasthenes, Patroclus‬‬‫ﻭﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻭﻥ ﻭﺇﻴﺭﺍﺘﻭﺜﻴﻥ ﻭﻤﻴﺠﺎﺜﻴﻥ ﻭﺒﺘﺭﻭﻗﻠﻴﺱ‬ ‫,‪Archimedes, Apolloneus‬‬ ‫‪Hyparchus, Ptolemy, Theone and‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺭﺸﻤﻴﺩﺱ ﻭﺃﺒﻭﻟﻭﻨﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﻫﻴﺒﺎﺭﺨﻭﺱ‬ ‫.‪Hypatia‬‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻁﻠﻴﻤﻭﺱ ﻭﺜﻴﻭﻥ ﻭﻫﻴﺒﺎﺘﻴﺎ .‬‫‪In Medicine it housed works‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﺏ ﺍﺤﺘﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫,‪for Corpus, Herophilus‬‬‫ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻜﻭﺭﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﻫﻴﺭﻭﻓﻴﻠﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫,‪Erasistratus, Callimachus, Sarapion‬‬‫ﻭﺍﻴﺭﺍﺴﻴﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻭﺱ ﻭﻜﻠﻴﻤﺎﺨﻭﺱ ﻭﺴﺎﺭﺍﺒﻴﻭﻥ‬ ‫‪Heracleides, Rufus, Apollonius and‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻴﺭﺍﻗﻠﻴﺩﺱ ﻭﺭﻭﻓﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﺒﻭﻟﻭﻨﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫.‪Galliny‬‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ.‬‫‪Besides, the ancient‬‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﺤﺘﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺅﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫‪Bibliotheca Alexandrina housed‬‬‫ﺍﻏﺭﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻤﺜل ﻤﺎﻨﻴﺜﻭﻥ ﻭﺩﻴﻭﺩﻭﺭﺍﺱ‬ ‫‪Non-Greek works. It housed works‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺘﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺘﺏ ﻭﻤﺅﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﻟﻜل‬ ‫.‪for Menethon and Diodorus‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭ ﺒﻼ ﺘﻔﺭﻗﺔ ﻤﺜل ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻤﻨﻴﺘﻭﻥ‬‫ﻭﺩﻴﻭﺩﻭﺭﺍﺱ .‬‫‪As well, the Library housed a‬‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﻻﻨﺠﻴل ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬ ‫"‪translation of the "Old Testament‬‬ ‫.‪from Hebrew into Greek‬‬‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺎﻨﻴﺔ .‬ 34.   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Part II The End of the Ancient Bibliotheca Alexandrina 35. The End of the ancient Bibliotheca ‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ اﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪرﻳﺔ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ‬ AlexandrinaMost ardent researchers and‫ﻟﻘﺩ ﺃﺠﻤﻊ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻥ‬ investigators of Arab and other nationalities agreed all that there are ‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻭﺍﻷﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺜﻼﺙ‬ three main suggestions behind the end of the ancient Bibliotheca‫ﺇﺤﺘﻤﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺃﺸﻬﺭ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ Alexandrina. .‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬ The First Suggestion: : ‫ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻤﺎل ﺍﻷﻭل‬It was said that the ancient ‫ﻴﻘﻭل ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻤﺎل ﺍﻷﻭل ﺒﺈﺤﺘﺭﺍﻕ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ Bibliotheca Alexandrina was‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ ٨٤ ﻕ.ﻡ ﻓﻲ‬ destroyed by a fire in the war with‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﺕ ﺭﺤﺎﻫﺎ ﻤﻊ ﻴﻭﻟﻴﻭﺱ‬ Julius Caesar in 48 B.C. . ‫ﻗﻴﺼﺭ‬ The Second Suggestion: : ‫ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬It was said that the ancient ‫ﻴﻘﻭل ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ Bibliotheca Alexandrina was destroyed in 391 A.D. by Theophilus,‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺩﻤﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﺎﻡ ١٩٣ ﻡ‬ the patriarch of Alexandria, as he ‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺜﻴﻭﻓﻴﻠﻭﺱ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﺭﻙ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬ considered it a sign of idolatry..‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭﻫﺎ ﺸﻴﺌﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺜﻨﻴﺔ‬ The Third Suggestion:: ‫ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ It was said that the ancient‫ﻴﻘﻭل ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﺒﺘﺩﻤﻴﺭ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ Bibliotheca Alexandrina was destroyed by the Arabs who conquered‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻋﺎﻡ ٢٤٦ﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ‬ Egypt under Amr Ibn Al-As in 642 A.D. upon an order of The Caliph‫ﻓﺘﺢ ﻤﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻴﺩ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ Omar Ibn Al-Khattab. . ‫ﺒﺄﻤﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﻤﺭ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺏ‬ In reality, the first suggestion is ‫ﺃﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻘﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻔﻭﻥ ﺒﺄﻥ‬ the truest as when Julius Caesar came ‫ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻤﺎل ﺍﻷﻭل ﺃﻗﺭﺏ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺍﺏ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬to Egypt, the ancient Bibliotheca ‫ﻷﻥ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ 36. Alexandrina was at its climax of ‫ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﺝ ﻋﻅﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺤﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻴﻭﻟﻴﻭﺱ ﻗﻴﺼﺭ‬ greatness and it was destroyed as a‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺼﺭ ﻭﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺩ ﺩﻤﺭﺕ ﺒﻔﻌل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻴﻕ‬ result of the great fire resulting from the war with Julius Caesar..‫ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﻤﻊ ﻴﻭﻟﻴﻭﺱ ﻗﻴﺼﺭ‬ The second suggestion is not true‫ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺼﺎﺌﺏ ﻷﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ‬ as in the time of the fanatic patriarch ‫ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺭﻴﻙ ﺜﻴﻭﻓﻴﻠﻭﺱ ﻟﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻏﻴﺭ‬ of Alexandria, Theophilus, there was‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺒﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﺇﺫ‬ only the annex and the Serapeum‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻗﺩ ﺩﻤﺭﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ‬ which he destroyed, as signs of ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺭﻴﻙ ﺜﻴﻭﻓﻴﻠﻭﺱ ﻫﻭ ﺘﺩﻤﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ idolatry, and built a church instead. ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺔ ﻭﺘﻤﺜﺎل ﺴﺭﺍﺒﻴﺱ ﻷﻨﻪ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭﻫﻤﺎ‬ .‫ﺭﻤﺯﻴﻥ ﻟﻠﻭﺜﻨﻴﺔ ﺜﻡ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ ﺒﺩﻻ ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬The third suggestion is not true‫ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﻭل‬ either, as the European historian ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺭﺥ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺒﻲ ﺃﻟﻔﺭﻴﺩ ﺒﺎﺘﻠﺭ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺘﺤﻴﻥ‬ Alfred Batler said, because the Arab conquerors were far from that barbaric ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ ﺃﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻨﻭﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ‬ line of thinking and conduct. . ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺒﺭﻱ‬Thus, the ancient Bibliotheca‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ ﺇﺨﺘﻔﺕ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬ Alexandrina, which was a legend in‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺃﺴﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬ the ancient world, had disappeared since 48 B.C. till the time of President ‫ﻭﻅﻠﺕ ﻤﺨﺘﻔﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﺫ ﻋﺎﻡ ٨٤ ﻕ.ﻡ ﺤﺘﻰ‬ Hosni Mubarak of Egypt in the ‫ﻋﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺤﺴﻨﻲ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﻤﺼﺭ‬ concluding years of the 20th century ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﺒﺩﺃ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﺍﺨﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻴﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ‬ and the starting years of the 21st century. .‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻴﻥ‬Thanks to President Hosni‫ﻓﺒﻔﻀل ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺒﺯﻏﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ Mubarak, Bibliotheca Alexandrina has come to existence and got up of the‫ﻤﻥ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻭﻨﻬﻀﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺴﺒﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻅل ﻓﻲ‬ memory of forgetfulness that it was hidden in for centuries. . ‫ﺫﺍﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻟﻘﺭﻭﻥ‬ 37.  ‫א‬‫• ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ‬(‫• ﺩﻭﺭ ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ )ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺴﻜﻭ‬‫• ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺤﺴﻨﻲ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ‬ ‫• ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺩﺓ ﺴﻭﺯﺍﻥ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ‬ ‫• ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬ Part III The Revival • The Role of Dr. Mustafa Al-Abbadi • The Role of UNESCO. • The Role of President Hosni Mubarak. • The Role of Mrs. Suzanne Mubarak. • Laws for Bibliotheca Alexandrina 38.  Chapter One‫א‬ ‫א‬ The Role of Dr. Mustafa Al-Abbadi 39. Dr Mustafa Al-Abbadi, the then – ‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ‬ professor of ancient history at the University of Alexandria, is‫ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﻌﻤل ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫﺍ ﻟﻠﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬ considered a pioneer of the callers who called for the revival of the ‫ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ – ﺭﺍﺌﺩﺍ ﻟﻠﺩﻋﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬ ancient Bibliotheca Alexandrina. . ‫ﻨﺎﺩﻭﺍ ﺒﺈﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬The dream to revive the ancient‫ﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻡ ﺒﺈﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬ Bibliotheca Alexandrina began at The ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ٢٧٩١ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺎﺩﻱ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ‬ Teaching Staff Club of the University of Alexandria in 1972. The dream‫ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺱ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ began when Dr. Mustafa Al-Abbadi‫ﺃﻟﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ‬ gave a lecture about the ancient Bibliotheca Alexandrina and how it‫ﻋﻥ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻜﻴﻑ‬ attracted scholars from all over the ‫ﺇﺠﺘﺫﺒﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻟﻴﺠﺘﻤﻌﻭﺍ ﻓﻲ‬ ancient world. He narrated how the Ptolemies allocated large funds so as ‫ﺭﺤﺎﺒﻬﺎ، ﻭﻗﺩ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻜﻴﻑ ﺍﺤﺘﻀﻥ ﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬ to establish a place where scholars ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﻟﻤﺔ ﻭﻜﻴﻑ ﺴﺨﺭﻭﺍ ﻜل ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﺎﺘﻬﻡ‬ could gather to make their researches and intellectual production. The place‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺘﺠﻤﻊ‬ was called the "Mouseion". The ‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻟﻌﻤل ﺃﺒﺤﺎﺜﻬﻡ ﻭﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﻱ‬ ancient Bibliotheca Alexandrina was ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺈﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﺭﻑ ﺒﺎﺴﻡ‬ established to serve the Mouseion scholars and provide them with the ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴﻴﻭﻥ ﻭﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻟﻜﻲ ﺘﻐﺫﻱ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ needed books. .‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴﻴﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﻭﺍﻷﺒﺤﺎﺙ‬After listening to Dr. Al-Abbadi's ‫ﺃﺸﻌﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺃﻟﻘﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ‬ lecture, the enthusiasm of the attendants, especially Dr. Lutfi‫ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ ﺤﻤﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻀﺭﻴﻥ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ Doweidar, the then president of the‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻟﻁﻔﻲ ﺩﻭﻴﺩﺍﺭ- ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ Univeristy of Alexandria, rose. Then,‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺁﻨﺫﺍﻙ- ﺤﻴﺙ ﺒﺩﺃﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ 40. a plot of land owned by the‫ﺒﺘﺨﺼﻴﺹ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ‬ University was allocated for the project and a preparatory committee. ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ‬ to study the proposed project was‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺒﺘﺄﺴﻴﺱ ﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭﻴﺔ‬ created.‫ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺇﺫ ﺒﺎﺩﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ‬‫ﺒﺎﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﺎﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬ The committee contacted the‫ﺍﻷﻤﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬ officials of the Egyptian government ‫)ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺴﻜﻭ( ﻤﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻅﻡ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ and UNESCO. That had a great effect .‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺭﺡ‬ on the proposed project. 41.  Chapter Two‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬( ‫)א‬ ‫א‬ The Role of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural(Organization)UNESCO 42. When UNESCO was ‫ﺤﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺘﻡ ﺇﺒﻼﻍ ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‬ approached, the response was ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ )ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺴﻜﻭ( ﺘﺤﻤﺴﺕ‬ favourable. It was enthusiastic to contribute to that great universal and‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭﺘﻪ‬ cultural project as it was extremely‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺎ ﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺎ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﺎ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺍ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻤﻥ‬ important to revive the human‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻹﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻲ ﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‬ heritage of one of the most famous‫ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﻭﺃﺸﻬﺭ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻭﻫﻲ‬ libraries of the ancient world: Bibliotheca Alexandrina. Ahmed ‫ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ . ﻭﻗﺩ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﺇﻤﺒﻭ‬ Mukhtar Embu, the then Director of ‫– ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺴﻜﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ- ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬ UNESCO, made the first‫ﺃﻭل ﻨﺩﺍﺀ ﺩﻭﻟﻲ ﻟﺩﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ‬ international appeal to support the project. That was in 1987. The appeal ‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ٧٨٩١ﻡ، ﻜﻤﺎ ﻋﺯﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺩﺍﺀ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ‬ was again reiterated after that by ‫ﻓﻴﺩﻴﺭﻜﻭ ﻤﺎﻴﻭﺭ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺘﻭﻟﻰ ﻤﻨﺼﺏ ﻤﺩﻴﺭ‬ Federco Mayor when he was.‫ﻋﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺴﻜﻭ‬ UNESCO Director. 43.  Chapter Three ‫א‬ The Role of President Hosni Mubarak 44. After UNESCO'S agreement to ‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‬ collaborate with the Egyptian ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﻤﻊ‬ government on the project, the ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺨﺘﺹ ﺒﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‬ foundation stone was laid in 1989 by‫ﺇﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ president Hosni Mubarak with the attendance of UNESCO Director, a ‫ﺤﺴﻨﻲ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺒﻭﻀﻊ ﺤﺠﺭ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ‬ group of statesmen, the governor of‫٩٨٩١ ﺒﺤﻀﻭﺭ ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺴﻜﻭ‬ Alexandria, the president of the‫ﻭﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﺭﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅ‬ University of Alexandria and other‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬ important national and international figures.‫ﻭﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﻤﻴﺔ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻤﺔ‬ In 2001 Law No. 1 for 2001 was‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ١٠٠٢ ﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﺭﺌﺎﺴﺔ‬ issued by president Hosni Mubarak, ٢٠٠١ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ١ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ the people's Assembly agreed to it‫ﻭﻭﺍﻓﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ ﻭﺼﺎﺩﻗﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ and the Legislation Committee passed‫ﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ it into law. That Law mentioned the‫ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺔ‬ components of the Library, the‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺘﻤﻭﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ‬ affiliated bodies, the financial resources, the budget and general ‫ﻭﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻟﻀﺭﺍﺌﺏ ﻤﻥ‬ taxes (Read chapter five: Laws for ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ )ﺇﻗﺭﺃ ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ: ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬ Bibliotheca Alexandrina).(‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ 45. Then in the same year, 2001, ‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ١٠٠٢ ﺃﺼﺩﺭ‬ President Hosni Mubarak issued Decree No. 76 for 2001 on‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺤﺴﻨﻲ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻱ‬ Bibliotheca Alexandrina. The Decree was about the organization of the‫ﺭﻗﻡ ٦٧ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ١٠٠٢ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﺸﺭﺍﻑ‬ supervision of the Library and the manner of its management. The‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺃﻭﻀﺢ‬ Decree also showed the‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ administration staff of the Library, responsibilities and conditions. (Read‫ﻭﺍﻹﺨﺘﺼﺎﺼﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺭﻭﻁ )ﺇﻗﺭﺃ ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬ Chapter Five: Laws for Bibliotheca Alexandrina).(‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ: ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬ 46.   Chapter Four‫א‬ ‫א‬ The Role of Mrs. Suzanne Mubarak 47. In 1990, the honorary committee ‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ٠٩٩١ ﻋﻘﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺭﻴﺔ‬ held a meeting under Mrs. Suzanne‫ﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺇﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺭﺌﺎﺴﺔ‬ Mubarak in Aswan. The meeting was attended by a large number of kings, ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺩﺓ ﺴﻭﺯﺍﻥ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺇﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺴﻭﺍﻥ‬ presidents, princes and great world ‫ﺤﻀﺭﺓ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺅﺴﺎﺀ‬ figures. The meeting resulted in ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻤﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﻤﺭ‬ substantial financial contributions‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﻋﻥ ﺩﻋﻡ ﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‬ from various Arab heads of state in addition to great contributions from ‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺅﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ‬ various countries, institutions and‫ﺇﺴﻬﺎﻤﺎﺕ ﻀﺨﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل‬ individuals. At that meeting "The‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ، ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ‬ Aswan Declaration" was issued to ‫ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ " ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺃﺴﻭﺍﻥ" ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ mark the occasion and which is considered the birthday of the project‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺇﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ to revive Bibliotheca Alexandrina.." ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬ 48.   Chapter Five‫א‬ ‫א‬ Laws for Bibliotheca Alexandrina 49. Law No. 1 for 2001 ٢٠٠ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ١ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ Law No. 1 for 2001 showed the ‫ﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ١ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ١٠٠٢ ﻡ‬ components of Bibliotheca Alexandrina, the affiliated bodies, the ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺎﺕ‬ financial resources, the budget and ‫ﻭﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻭﻴل ﻭﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ ﻭﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ general taxes. . ‫ﻭﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻟﻀﺭﺍﺌﺏ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬The Law showed the components:‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺃﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻜﺎﻷﺘﻲ‬ of Bibliotheca Alexandrina as follows:1- A main building ‫١- ﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ 2- A planetarium‫٢- ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻭﻴﺔ‬ 3- A conference centre‫٣- ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭﺍﺕ‬ The three buildings are called ‫ﻭﻴﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ "ﻤﺠﻤﻊ‬ "The compound of Bibliotheca Alexandrina" " ‫ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬ That Law showed the affiliated ‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ bodies as follows::‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻜﺎﻵﺘﻲ‬1- An International Centre for‫١- ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺩﻭﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻴﺔ‬ Information Studies2- A Centre for Documentation‫٢- ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻟﻠﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﻭﺙ‬ and Research3- A Science Museum‫٣- ﻤﺘﺤﻑ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬4- A Calligraphy Institute‫٤- ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﻟﻠﺨﻁﻭﻁ‬5- A Manuscript Museum‫٥- ﻤﺘﺤﻑ ﻟﻠﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ‬6- A Centre for the Preservation of ‫٦- ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻟﺤﻔﻅ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ‬ Rare Books and Documents. The Law showed the Financial‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺘﻤﻭﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ 50. Resources of Bibliotheca Alexandrina: ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‬ as follows: 1- State Allocations.‫١- ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺨﺼﺼﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ 2- Assistance, Gifts, Donations, ‫٢- ﺍﻹﻋﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺼﺎﻴﺎ‬Bequests and FinancialContributions from Egypt or‫ﻭﺍﻻﺴﻬﺎﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬abroad .‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ‬ 3- Loans .‫٣- ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺘﻌﻁﻲ ﻟﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ 4- Fees of the Library services and ‫٤- ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺍل ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺘﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ Earnings of the Library investment. ‫ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺘﺅﺩﻴﻬﺎ‬ .‫ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ‬ 5- Other sources to be defined in .‫٥- ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻴﺤﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬accordance with the law.As for the Budget of Bibliotheca‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ ﻭﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ Alexandrina, the Law showed the following:: ‫ﺃﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‬ 1- The start and the end of the‫١- ﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﺘﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺒﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬Library’s fiscal year are identicalto those of the state general‫ﻭﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬budget. .‫ﻟﻠﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ 2- The Library has a separate account‫٢- ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬in the Central Bank of Egypt or ina Commercial bank subject to the‫ﻟﻬﺎ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺨﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‬approval of the Minister ofFinance. All proceeds of its‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻭﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬resources are deposited in this‫ﺒﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺘﻭﻀﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ‬account and any surpluses at theend of the fiscal year is carried‫ﺤﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﻴﺭﺤل ﻓﺎﺌﺽ‬forward to the following year. . ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ As for Bibliotheca Alexandrina ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺭﺍﺌﺏ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺃﻭﻀﺢ‬ and the General Taxes, the Law‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺘﻌﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﺃﺠﻬﺯﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ‬ showed that the Library and its 51. affiliated bodies are exempt from‫ﺍﻟﻀﺭﺍﺌﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻭﺍﺌﻀﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻴﺭﺍﺩﺍﺕ‬ general taxes on surpluses and ‫ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺭﺴﻭﻡ‬ revenues of its current activities and from registration and declaration fees‫ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﻌﻔﻲ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺴﺘﻭﺭﺩﻩ‬ as well as duties on imports of‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻠﺯﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ‬ scientific materiel. . ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺭﺍﺌﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺭﻜﻴﺔ‬ Presidential Decree No. 76 for 2001‫ﻟﺴ ﻨﺔ 67 اﻟﻘ ﺮار اﻟﺠﻤﻬ ﻮري رﻗ ﻢ‬ 2001Then in the same year the‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺘﻡ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬ Presidential Decree No. 76 for 2001 on Bibliotheca Alexandrina was٢٠٠١ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻱ ﺭﻗﻡ ٦٧ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ issued. It was about the organization of the supervision of the Library, the‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬ manner of its management and the ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬ conduct of its financial and administrative affairs. .‫ﻭﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ ﺸﺌﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬As for the Administration of‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬ Bibliotheca Alexandrina, the Library is run by: : ‫ﺘﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‬ 1- A Council of Patrons‫١- ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﺓ‬2- A Board of Trustees ‫٢- ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﺎﺀ‬3- A Director- General ‫٣- ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ The Council of Patrons ‫ﻡﺠﻠ ﺲ اﻟﺮﻋ ﺎة‬The Council of Patrons is ‫ﻱﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻻ ﻴﻘل‬ composed of a number of not less than eight and not more than twenty ‫ﻋﻥ ﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺯﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﻋﺸﺭﻴﻥ‬ four of prominent persons from ‫ﻤﻥ ﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺩﻭل‬ different parts of the world including the Director – General of‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﻋﺎﻡ‬ UNESCO. .‫ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﻴﺴﻜﻭ‬ The members of the Council of Patrons are chosen by the president of‫ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﺓ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬ the Republic.. ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ 52. • The Chair of the Council of‫• ﻴﺘﻭﻟﻰ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﺌﺎﺴﺔ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬ Patrons is the president of the Republic or his designate. . ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺨﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺽ‬• The Minister of Higher Education ‫• ﻴﺘﻭﻟﻰ ﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﺃﻤﺎﻨﺔ‬ acts as secretary of the Council. .‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬ • The Council has the responsibility ‫• ﻴﺨﺘﺹ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﺓ ﺒﺩﻋﻡ ﻭﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ‬ of supporting the Library, monitoring its activities and ‫ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﺇﺴﺩﺍﺀ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺍﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ‬ expressing its views on the direction of such activities..‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺄﻥ‬ • The Council meets once each three ‫• ﻴﻌﻘﺩ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﺓ ﺇﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎ ﻜل ﺜﻼﺙ‬ years at the invitation of its chair.. ‫ﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ ﺒﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻪ‬ The Board of Trustees ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﺎﺀ‬The Board of Trustees is‫ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻻ ﻴﻘل‬ composed of a number of not less than fifteen and not more than thirty‫ﻋﻥ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺭ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺯﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ‬ eminent persons of intellectual or‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬ international experience, both Egyptians and non-Egyptian, among‫ﺫﻭﻱ ﺨﺒﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ whom five are ex-officio members of‫ﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬ the Egyptian Government who are the Minister of Higher Education, the ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺼﻔﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻡ ﻭﺯﻴﺭ‬ Minister of Culture, the Minister of‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻭﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﻭﺯﻴﺭ‬ Foreign Affairs, the Governor of Alexandria and the president of the ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ University of Alexandria..‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬ • The Chair of the Board of Trustees ‫• ﻴﺘﻭﻟﻰ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﺓ ﺭﺌﺎﺴﺔ‬ is the Chair of the Council of Patrons and the said chair chooses ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺨﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ‬ a member of the Board who is an ‫ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺌﻪ ﻴﺤل ﻤﺤﻠﻪ ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻀﻭﻴﺔ‬ acting chair in case of the Chair’s ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﺎﺀ ﻟﻐﻴﺭ ﺫﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ absence. The duration of the membership of the non-ex-officio‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺴﻨﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﺘﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻋﻀﻭﻴﺔ‬ members is two years after which . ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺙ ﻜل ﺴﻨﺔ‬ 53. one third of the members is renewed every year. • The Board of Trustees is the‫• ﻴﺘﻭﻟﻰ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻤﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺌﻭﻥ‬ decision-making authority on the matters of the Library and is responsible for defining its general‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﺭﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻹﺩﺍﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬ policies, for the administration, for the planning of its activities and ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﻷﻨﺸﻁﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻟﻭﺍﺌﺤﻬﺎ‬ for the establishment of its administrative and financial . ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ regulations. • The Board of Trustees meets once‫• ﻴﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﺎﺀ ﻤﺭﺓ ﻜل ﺴﻨﺔ ﺃﻭ‬ a year and can hold exceptional meetings by invitation of its Chair ‫ﺒﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻁﻠﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺼﻑ‬ or at the request of not less than half of its members. The meeting ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬ of the board is deemed legal if a majority of the members are in ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺤﻀﺭﻩ ﺃﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ‬ attendance and decisions are by simple majority of those present. ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗل ﻭﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺄﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬ In case of equal votes, the side‫ﺍﻷﺼﻭﺍﺕ ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻴﺭﺠﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬ with the presiding chair’s vote prevails.. ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻪ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬ The Director-General of ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬ Bibliotheca Alexandrina The Director-General of the ‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‬ Library is appointed by the Board of Trustees for a period of five years, ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﺎﺀ ﻟﻤﺩﺓ ﺨﻤﺱ ﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ‬ renewable, and the Director- ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﺩ ﻤﺨﺼﺼﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‬ General’s compensation is also determined by the Board of Trustees. .‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬ 54. • The candidate must be a person of ‫• ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﻟﻤﻨﺼﺏ ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﻋﺎﻡ‬ international standing, of a wide‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﻤﻜﺎﻨﺔ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﺭﻤﻭﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻥ‬ background in the field of culture and of the relevant managerial and ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺫﻭ ﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ ﻭﺫﻭ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬ technical competence.. ‫ﻭﺨﺒﺭﺓ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ‬ • The Director-General of the‫• ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ Library is the chief executive ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﻴﻨﺎﻁ ﺒﻪ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ‬ officer of the Library and is entrusted with the execution of the‫ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻭﻀﻌﻬﺎ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ policies established by the Board‫ﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﻭﺤﻀﻭﺭ‬ of Trustees, preparing the agenda for the Board meetings, the right to ‫ﺠﻠﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ - ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻟﻪ‬ attend the meetings, but does not‫ﺼﻭﺕ ﻤﻌﺩﻭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺍﻭﻻﺕ - ﻭﺭﺌﺎﺴﺔ‬ vote on decisions, being the head of the Library staff and deciding‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ matters of appointment, promotion ‫ﺘﻌﻴﻴﻨﻬﻡ ﻭﺘﺭﻗﻴﺘﻬﻡ ﻭﺇﻨﻬﺎﺀ ﺨﺩﻤﺘﻬﻡ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ‬ and termination of service in accordance with the relevant legal ‫ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻴﺨﻀﻌﻭﻥ ﻟﻪ‬ statutes. He is the legal ‫ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴل ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ‬ representative of the Library before the judiciary and in its‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺼﻼﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻐﻴﺭ ﻭﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ dealing with others. He sets the‫ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ administrative and financial regulations and that would enable‫ﻨﺤﻭ ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ it to carry out its mission. He also ‫ﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ‬ sets the staff code in a manner that is compatible with the Library’s‫ﻴﺘﻔﻕ ﻤﻊ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﻤﻊ ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ activities and that is the legal ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬ system that governs the. ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ relationship between staff and Library. 55.      The Ipsissima Verbaof The Laws for Bibliotheca Alexandrina 56. The Ipsissima Verba of the Laws ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻷﺼـﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘـﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼـﺔ‬ for Bibliotheca Alexandrina ‫ﺒﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬ Law No. 1 For 2001 ٢٠٠١ ‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ١ ﻟﺴﻨﻪ‬ On The Library of Alexandria‫ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬ In the name of the people,‫ﺒﺎﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ‬ The President of the Republic‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬Hereby passes the following‫ﻗﺭﺭ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‬ People's Assembly legislation into law: :‫ﻨﺼﻪ ، ﻭﻗﺩ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﻨﺎﻩ‬ Article 1( ‫) ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬The Library of Alexandria is a‫ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺸﺨﺹ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻱ‬ public juridical person headquartered in the City of Alexandria and attached‫ﻋﺎﻡ ﻤﻘﺭﻩ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻴﺘﺒﻊ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ to the President of the Republic. It shall be a centre of cultural radiance,‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ، ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺇﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺤﻀﺎﺭﻱ‬ a beacon for thought, culture and، ‫ﻤﺼﺭﻱ ، ﻭﻤﻨﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻔﻜﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ science that houses ancient and modern cultural treasures of humanity‫ﻭﺘﻀﻡ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﺘﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻘل ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻱ ﻓﻰ‬ in all languages. .‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﺒﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ‬ Article 2( ‫) ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬The Library shall comprise a ‫ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ library, a planetarium, a conference centre as well as the following ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻭﻴﺔ ، ﻭﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭﺍﺕ‬ facilities that shall be established in due course: : ‫ﻭﺘﻨﺸﺄ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺘﻴﻪ‬1- An International Centre for.‫١- ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺩﻭﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻴﺔ‬Information Studies 2- A Centre for Documentation and.‫٢- ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻟﻠﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﻭﺙ‬Research 3- A Science Museum. ‫٣- ﻤﺘﺤﻑ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ 4- A Calligraphy Institute .‫٤- ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﻟﻠﺨﻁﻭﻁ‬ 57. 5- A Manuscript Museum.‫٥- ﻤﺘﺤﻑ ﻟﻠﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ‬ 6- A Centre for the Preservation of‫٦- ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺘـﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺜـﺎﺌﻕ‬Rare Books and Documents.‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬ More cultural and scientific ‫ﻭﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ centres may be added by presidential‫ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ decree. Their legal status shall be ‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻭﻴﺤﺩﺩ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻨﻪ‬ determined by presidential decree. . ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ Article 3 ( ‫) ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬The Library shall exercise all the ‫ﺘﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬ functions and undertake all the relevant activities that serve its ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻘﻘﺔ ﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ ، ﻭﺘﺘﺨﺫ ﻤﺎ‬ mission, including: : ‫ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ 1- Obtaining studies, books, ‫١- ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ‬periodicals, manuscripts, papyri ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﺩﻴﺎﺕ‬and other items related to theEgyptian civilization in its ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ، ﻤﻤﺎ ﻟﻪ ﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬different periods, as well as to the ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﺼﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬scientific, intellectual and culturalheritage of the countries of the‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ‬world. . ‫ﻟﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ 2- Collecting originals or copies of‫٢- ﺠﻤﻊ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺃﻭ ﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﻨﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬the manuscripts that represent theintellectual achievements of theIslamic and Arab world in ancient ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬and modern languages. . ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‬ 3- Collecting materials connected to ‫٣- ﺠﻤﻊ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ‬the lives and achievements ofeminent persons in the realms of‫ﻭﺒﺈﻨﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺃﻫل ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ‬thought, science, politics and .‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻲ‬religion throughout human history.4- Undertaking studies on historical, ‫٤- ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﺼﻭل‬ 58. geographic, cultural and religious‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ aspects of the Mediterranean‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬ region, the Middle East, Egypt and, particularly Alexandria.‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺭﻕ ﺍﻷﻭﺴﻁ ﻭﻤﺼﺭ ﻭﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬ .‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺼﻔﺔ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ Article 4 ( ‫) ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻌﺔ‬The President of the Republic‫ﻴﺤﺩﺩ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻨﻪ‬ shall determine by decree the manner in which the Library shall be ‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﺍﻹﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬ supervised and administered, and the manner in which its administrative‫ﻭﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ ﺸﺌﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ and financial affairs shall be run, in‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻴﺘﻔﻕ ﻤﻊ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬ view of the nature of its activities in order to enable it to achieve its ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ ، ﻭﺩﻭﻥ‬ mission, without being limited by‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﺒﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ‬ administrative regulations set in any other law. .‫ﺃﻱ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺁﺨﺭ‬ Article 5 ( ‫) ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺴﺔ‬ The financial resources of the‫ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺘﻤﻭﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ Library shall include::‫ﻭﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ‬ 1- State Allocations. .‫١- ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺘﺨﺼﺼﻬﺎ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ 2- Assistance, Gifts, Donations,‫٢- ﺍﻹﻋﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺼﺎﻴﺎ‬Bequests, and FinancialContributions form Egypt or.‫ﻭﺍﻹﺴﻬﺎﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ‬abroad..‫٣- ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺘﻌﻘﺩ ﻟﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ 3- Loans. 4- Fees of the Library services and ‫٤- ﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺘﺅﺩﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬the Earnings of the library .‫ﻭﻋﺎﺌﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺃﻤﻭﺍﻟﻬﺎ‬investments. ‫٥- ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺘﻘﺭﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ 5- Other Sources to be defined inaccordance with the law. .‫ﻁﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ Article 6 ( ‫) ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺴﺔ‬ 59. The Library shall have an‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ، ﻭﺘﺒﺩﺃ‬ independent budget. The start and end of its fiscal year shall be identical to‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺒﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ those of the state general budget..‫ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺘﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺒﻨﻬﺎﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬The Library shall have a separate ‫ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺨﺎﺹ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻙ‬ account in the Central Bank of Egypt or in a commercial bank subject to‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻰ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻭﻙ‬ the approval of the Minister of Finance. All proceeds of its resources‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺘﻭﺩﻉ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ shall be deposited in this account, and any surpluses at the end of the fiscal‫ﺤﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎ ، ﻭﻴﺭﺤل ﻓﺎﺌﺽ ﻫﺫﺍ‬ year shall be carried forward to the.‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻨﻪ ﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ following year. Article 7 ( ‫) ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‬The Library and its affiliated‫ﺘﻌﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﺃﺠﻬﺯﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ‬ bodies, in so far as they serve its functions, shall be exempt from ‫ﺃﻏﺭﺍﻀﻬﺎ، ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﺭﺍﺌﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ general taxes on surpluses and revenues of the Library's current ‫ﻓﻭﺍﺌﻀﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻴﺭﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺭﻱ ، ﻭﻤﺎ‬ activities, and from all registration‫ﺘﺴﺘﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻠﺯﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ and declaration fees, as well as duties on imports of scientific material. .‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﺭﺍﺌﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺭﻜﻴﺔ‬ Article 8( ‫) ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻤﻨﺔ‬Presidential Decree No. 533 for ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ 1988, establishing the General Organization for the Library of‫ﺭﻗﻡ ٣٣٥ ﻟﺴﻨﻪ ٨٨٩١ ﺒﺈﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬ Alexandria, shall remain operative in‫ﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻤﻊ‬ all matters that do not contravene this law, pending the enactment of the‫ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻟﺤﻴﻥ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ‬ Presidential Decree mentioned in ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ . ﻭﺘﺅﻭل ﺍﻟﻰ‬ Article 4 of this law. Thereupon, all the assets, rights and obligations of the abolished organization shall revert ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺃﺼﻭل ﻭﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ‬ to the Library.. ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻐﺎﺓ‬ Article 9 ( ‫) ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺴﻌﺔ‬ 60. This law shall be published in the‫ﻴﻨﺸﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ‬ State Official Journal and shall enter into force the day following its‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ، ﻭﻴﻌﻤل ﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ publication..‫ﻨﺸﺭﺓ‬To be marked by official seal of ، ‫ﻴﺒﺼﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺨﺎﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ the State, and henceforth executed as a law of the State..‫ﻭﻴﻨﻔﺫ ﻜﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬Issued at the Presidency of the ‫ﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﺭﺌﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ٧١ ﺫﻱ‬ Republic on 17 Dhul Hijja 1421‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺔ ﺴﻨﻪ ١٢٤١ﻫـ‬ (‫) ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻓﻕ ٢١ ﻤﺎﺭﺱ ﺴﻨﻪ ١٠٠٢ﻡ‬ AH/ 12 March 2001 AD. Signature ‫ﺤﺴﻨﻲ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ‬ Hosni Mubarak Presidential Decree ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ‬ No. 76 for 2001 On the Library of Alexandria‫٦٧ ﻟﺴﻨﻪ ١٠٠٢ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬Concerning the organization of‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ the supervision of the Library of Alexandria and the manner of its‫ﺭﻗﻡ ٦٧ ﻟﺴﻨﻪ ١٠٠٢ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﺸﺭﺍﻑ‬ management and the conduct of its‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬ financial and administrative affairs. .‫ﻭﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ ﺸﺌﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬ The President of the Republic‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ Having reviewed the ‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻻﻁﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ Constitution and Law No. 1 for 2001 concerning the Library of Alexandria ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ١ ﻟﺴﻨﻪ ١٠٠٢ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ and the agreement of the Council of Ministers‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ‬ has decreed the following:: ‫ﻗﺭﺭ‬ Article 1: (١) ‫ﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ The Library of Alexandria is a ‫ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺸﺨﺹ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻱ‬ public juridical person headquartered‫ﻋﺎﻡ ﻤﻘﺭﻩ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻴﺘﺒﻊ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ in Alexandria and attached to the President of the Republic. .‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ 61. Article 2: (٢) ‫ﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ The Library of Alexandria shall‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬ be managed by: (a) A Council of Patrons . ‫)ﺍ( ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﺓ‬ (b) A Board of Trustees . ‫)ﺏ( ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﺎﺀ‬ (c) A Director –General . ‫)ﺠـ( ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ Article 3: (٣) ‫ﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ The Council of Patrons ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﺓ‬The Council of Patrons shall be ‫ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ‬ composed of prominent persons from different parts of the world, ‫ﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﻻ‬ numbering not less than eight and not ‫ﻴﻘل ﻋﻥ ﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺯﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ‬ more than twenty four, to be chosen by invitation of the President of the‫ﻭﻋﺸﺭﻴﻥ ﻋﻀﻭﺍ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﻫﻡ ﺒﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ‬ Republic, providing that one of those persons be the Director-General of UNESCO..‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺴﻜﻭ‬The President or his designate‫ﻭﻴﺘﻭﻟﻰ ﺭﺌﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺨﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺽ‬ shall be the Chair of the Council of Patrons, and the Minister of Higher Education shall act as Secretary of the ‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻭﻟﻰ ﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﺃﻤﺎﻨﺔ‬ Council. .‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬The Council shall have the responsibility of supporting the‫ﻭﻴﺨﺘﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺒﺩﻋﻡ ﻭﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬ Library, monitoring its activities and‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﺇﺴﺩﺍﺀ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺍﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ‬ shall express its views on the direction of such activities.‫ﺍﻟﺸﺄﻥ ﻭﻴﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎ ﻜل ﺜﻼﺙ ﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ‬The Council shall meet once every three years at the invitation of .‫ﺒﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻪ‬ its Chair. 62. Article 4: (٤) ‫ﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ The Board of Trustees ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﺎﺀ‬The Board of Trustees shall be‫ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ‬ composed of not less than fifteen and not more than thirty eminent persons‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬ of scientific (intellectual) standing or international experience, both‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ‬ Egyptians and non-Egyptians, of‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﻴﻥ ﻻ ﻴﻘل ﻋﻥ‬ whom five shall be ex-officio members of the Egyptian ‫ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‬ Government: the Minister of Higher،‫ﺒﺼﻔﺎﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ‬ Education, the Minister of Culture, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the‫ﻭﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ، ﻭﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅ‬ Governor of Alexandria and the President of the University of. ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ، ﻭﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬ Alexandria.The Chair of the Council of ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻭﻟﻰ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﺓ ﺭﺌﺎﺴﺔ‬ Patrons shall be the Chair of the Board of Trustees, and the said Chair‫ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﻴﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺌﻪ ﻤﻥ‬ shall choose a member of the Board who shall be an acting chair in case of .‫ﻴﺤل ﻤﺤﻠﻪ ﻓﻰ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻏﻴﺎﺒﻪ‬ the Chair's absence.The first Board of Trustees shall‫ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ ﺃﻭل ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﻟﻸﻤﻨﺎﺀ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ، ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺩﺓ‬ be named by a decree issued by the President of the Republic. Duration of the membership of the non-ex-officio‫ﻋﻀﻭﻴﺔ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﻤﻥ ﻏﻴﺭ‬ members shall be two years, after‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻨﻴﻥ ﺒﺼﻔﺎﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺴﻨﺘﻴﻥ ﺘﺠﺩﺩ‬ which one third of the members shall be renewed every year. .‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻀﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺙ ﻜل ﺴﻨﻪ‬Other than this first Board, the‫ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ‬ non-ex-officio members of the Board ‫ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻨﻴﻥ ﺒﺼﻔﺎﺘﻬﻡ – ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬ shall be appointed by a decision of‫ﺍﻷﻭل – ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﺎﺀ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ the Board of Trustees on nomination‫ﺘﺭﺸﻴﺢ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺌﻪ ، ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺩﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻭﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺜﻼﺙ ﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ‬ of one of the members. Membership shall be for three years, renewable for one additional term. .‫ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‬ 63. The Board of Trustees is the ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﺎﺀ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻴﻤﻨﺔ‬ decision – making authority on the matters of the Library, and will be ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺌﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﻴﺘﻭﻟﻰ ﺭﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ‬ responsible for defining its general policies, for the administration and‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﻷﻨﺸﻁﺘﻬﺎ‬ planning of its activities and for the establishment of its administrative .‫ﻭﺇﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻟﻭﺍﺌﺤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬ and financial regulations.The Board shall meet once a year ، ‫ﻭﻴﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﺎﺀ ﻤﺭﺓ ﻜل ﺴﻨﻪ‬ and can hold exceptional meetings by‫ﻭﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺒﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﻤﻥ‬ invitation of its Chair or at the request‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﻠﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺼﻑ‬ of not less than half of its members.. ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗل‬The meeting of the Board shall ‫ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﺎﺀ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺎ‬ be deemed legal if a majority of the members are in attendance, and، ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺤﻀﺭﻩ ﺃﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗل‬ decisions shall be by simple majority of those present. In case of equal‫ﻭﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺄﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺃﺼﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻀﺭﻴﻥ‬ votes, the side with the presiding .‫ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻴﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ Chair's vote shall prevail. ‫ﻭﻟﻠﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺌﻪ‬The Board may constitute from its membership committees to which it may assign the execution of‫ﻟﺠﺎﻨﺎ ﻴﺴﻨﺩ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ‬ specific tasks, the preparation of specific studies or the execution of .‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺃﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ research.The Library shall bear the cost of ‫ﻭﺘﺘﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻨﻔﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﺒﺩﻻﺕ ﺤﻀﻭﺭ‬ travel and honoraria associated with the attendance of the Board meetings‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﺎﺀ‬ or the committees established by it..‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺠﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺒﺜﻘﺔ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ Article 5 : (٥) ‫ﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ The Director-General of the: ‫ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ Library The Board of Trustees shall ‫ﻴﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﺎﺀ ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻟﻤﺩﺓ‬ appoint the Director-General of the Library for a period of five years, ‫ﺨﻤﺱ ﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻭﻴﺤﺩﺩ‬ renewable, and shall determine the 64. Director-General's compensation. The‫ﻤﺨﺼﺼﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ، ﻭﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ‬ appointment shall be by a decision of the Board supported by two thirds of ‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺒﺄﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺜﻠﺜﻲ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ‬ its attending members. The candidate must be a person of international‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻀﺭﻴﻥ ﻭﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻤﺘﻊ‬ standing, and must have a wide‫ﺒﻤﻜﺎﻨﺔ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﺭﻤﻭﻗﺔ ﻭﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻥ‬ background in the field of culture, as well as the relevant managerial and ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺒﺭﺓ‬ technical competence. .‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬The Director-General is the Chief‫ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻱ‬ Executive Officer of the Library, and shall be entrusted with the execution‫ﻟﻬﺎ ، ﻭﻴﻨﺎﻁ ﺒﻪ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﻭﻀﻌﻬﺎ‬ of the policies established by the‫ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﺎﺀ ، ﻭﻴﻌﺩ ﺠﺩﻭل ﺃﻋﻤﺎل‬ Board of Trustees. The Director- General shall prepare the agenda for‫ﺍﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺱ ، ﻭﻟﻪ ﺤﻕ ﺤﻀﻭﺭ‬ the Board meetings, and shall attend‫ﺠﻠﺴﺎﺘﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺼﻭﺕ ﻤﻌﺩﻭﺩ ﻓﻰ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺍﻭﻻﺕ‬ the meetings, but shall not vote on decisions before the Board.The Director-General shall be the‫ﻭﻴﺭﺃﺱ ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬ head of the staff, and shall decide the matters of appointment, promotion‫ﻭﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﻌﻴﻴﻨﻬﻡ ﻭﺘﺭﻗﻴﺘﻬﻡ ﻭﺇﻨﻬﺎﺀ‬ and termination of service, in accordance with the relevant legal ‫ﺨﺩﻤﺘﻬﻡ ، ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ‬ statutes. .‫ﻴﺨﻀﻌﻭﻥ ﻟﻪ‬ The Director-General shall be the ‫ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺜل‬ legal representative of the Library ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﻓﻰ ﺼﻼﺘﻬﺎ‬ before the judiciary and in its dealings with others..‫ﺒﺎﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ Article 6:(٦) ‫ﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ Administrative and Financial‫ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬ Regulations and Staff Code ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬‫ﻴﻌﺩ ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻟﻭﺍﺌﺤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ The Director-General shall set the Administrative and Financial Regulations and the Staff Code in a‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ‬ manner that is compatible with the nature of the Library's activities and‫ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻴﺘﻔﻕ ﻤﻊ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ‬ 65. that would enable it to carry out its‫ﻤﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﺒﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ mission without being bound by other administrative statutes specified in، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬ any other law. These regulations and code shall be submitted to the Board ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﺎﺀ‬ of Trustees for approval..‫ﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ‬Upon approval by the Board of‫ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ‬ Trustees, the Staff Code shall be the legal system that governs the ‫ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻴﺤﻜﻡ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬ relationship between staff and Library..‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ Article 7 (٧) ‫ﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ Budget and Auditors ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺯﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﻭ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻤﻴﺯﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ، ﻭﻴﺭﺤل‬The Library shall have an independent budget. Budget surpluses shall be carried over from the one. ‫ﻓﺎﺌﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺯﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ fiscal year to the next.Without prejudice to the ‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻹﺨﻼل ﺒﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬ supervision of the government's Central Accounting Agency, the ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﺴﺒﺎﺕ ، ﻴﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﺎﺀ‬‫ﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﻴﻥ ، ﻭﻴﺘﻠﻘﻰ‬ Board of Trustees shall appoint external auditors and shall receive their reports.. ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭﻫﻡ‬ Article 8:(٨) ‫ﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬This Decree shall be published in‫ﻴﻨﺸﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬ the State Official Journal, and shall be operative as of the date of publication. . ‫ﻭﻴﻌﻤل ﺒﻊ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭﺓ‬ Hosni Mubarak‫ﺤﺴﻨﻰ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ‬ 66.  ‫א‬‫• ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫• ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬ Part IV The Re-establishment • The Competition • The Shape and Components 67.   Chapter One ‫א‬ The Competition 68. An international competition for ‫ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﻴﻥ‬ designing the Library building was made by a committee of Egyptian and ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﻴﻥ ﺒﺩﻋﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻊ‬ international experts with support ‫ﻟﻸﻤﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻤﻊ ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬ from United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and in‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺴﻜﻭ ﻭﺍﻹﺘﺤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﻥ‬ collaboration with UNESCO and the‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﻴﻥ ﺒﻌﻘﺩ ﻤﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ‬ International Association of Architects. The competition was‫ﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﻭﻀﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ‬ organized to decide on the design for building the Library building according to specifications set by‫ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ Egyptian and international experts. The winning design was of a ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺌﺯ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺏ‬ Norwegian firm called SNOHITA‫ﺍﻟﻨﺭﻭﻴﺠﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﻟﺸﺭﻜﺔ "ﺴﻨﻭﻫﻴﺘﺎ" ﻤﻥ‬ from among 1.400 proposals from 77 countries.. ‫ﻀﻤﻥ ٠٠٤١ ﻤﺘﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻤﻥ ٧٧ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬In this atmosphere of hope, the ‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺠﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻌﻡ ﺒﺎﻷﻤل ﺘﻡ ﺍﻻﺘﻔﺎﻕ‬ project’s agreement was signed by ‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺴﻜﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ the Egyptian government and UNESCO. Norwegian designers in‫ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ، ﻓﻘﺩ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻤﺼﻤﻤﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ‬ collaboration with a local consultative‫ﺍﻟﻨﺭﻭﻴﺞ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻤﻊ ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ firm began to carry out the design..‫ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻤﻠﻤﻭﺱ‬The actual work was undertaken ‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺒﺩﺃﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬ by the “The Arab Contractors”‫ﺸﺭﻜﺔ "ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻟﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ" ﻤﻊ ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ Company with Italian and British participation. Dr Mohsen Zahran ‫ﺇﻴﻁﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻟﻌﺏ ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺤﺴﻥ‬ played an essential role in making the‫ﺯﻫﺭﺍﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﺍ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻌل ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ‬ design a reality. Now the Magnificent Building stands in full glory by the‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻵﻥ ﻴﺯﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺸﺎﻤﺨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ Mediterranean in Alexandria. .‫ﺸﺎﻁﺊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺒﺎﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬ 69.  Chapter Two ‫א‬ ‫א‬ The Shape and Components 70. The Main Building of Bibliotheca ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬ Alexandrina • After the re-establishment, the‫• ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ main Building of Bibliotheca Alexandrina has become like the‫ﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻗﺭﺹ‬ disc of the sun that is not full and that is rising out of the sea which ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺱ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﻜﺘﻤل ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ‬ contains the Lighthouse of Alexandria. . ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﺭ‬ • The disc of the sun that is not a full‫• ﻗﺭﺹ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺱ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻜﺘﻤل ﻷﻨﻪ ﻴﺭﻤﺯ‬ circle refers to the anticipation of the role yet to be played by the‫ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻕ ﻟﻠﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﺴﻭﻑ‬ Library in research and revivalism. . ‫ﺘﻠﻌﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﺍﻹﺤﻴﺎﺀ‬ • The Lighthouse stands for ‫• ﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ ﻴﺭﻤﺯ ﺍﻟﻰ‬ Alexandria itself and for the actual Lighthouse which was one of its ‫ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﺭ ﺃﺤﺩ‬. ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻟﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻋﺠﺎﺌﺏ ﺍﻟﺩﻨﻴﺎ‬ landmarks and one of the wonders of the world. • The disc of the sun is inclined at‫• ﻗـﺭﺹ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺱ ﻤﺎﺌل ﺒﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﻤﻴل ﻗﺩﺭﻫﺎ‬ an angle of 16.5ºC which allows ‫ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﺩﺨﻭل ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺀ‬º‫٥,٦١ﻡ‬ sunlight without shadow or ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺒﻼ ﻅل ﺃﻭ ﺍﺜﺭ‬ reflection. . ‫ﻟﻠﺸﻤﺱ‬ • The main Building of Bibliotheca ‫• ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬ Alexandrina is composed of 11‫ﻤﻥ ١١ ﻁﺎﺒﻘﺎ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ٤ ﻁﻭﺍﺒﻕ ﺘﺤﺕ‬ .‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭ ٧ ﻁﻭﺍﺒﻕ ﻓﻭﻗﻬﺎ‬ floors including four underground.• The outside wall is lined with ‫• ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﻤﺒﻁﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺭﺍﻨﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ‬ granite stones from Aswan. There‫ﺃﻭﺘﻰ ﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺴﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﻴﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺃﺤﺠﺎﺭﻩ‬ are about 4200 granite stones, each‫ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ ٠٠٢٤ ﺤﺠﺭﺍ ﻭﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺭ‬ weighing about one ton. . ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻴﻘﺭﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻁﻥ‬ 71. • On the outside wall there are the‫• ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻜﺘﺒﺕ‬ alphabets of the world’s‫ﺃﺒﺠﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﻜل ﻟﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ languages, ancient and new, and the music letters. . ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻭﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ • There are not repeated floors and ‫• ﻻ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﻤﺘﻜﺭﺭﺓ ﻭﻜل ﺩﻭﺭ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ each floor is unique in design in ‫ﻋﻥ ﺍﻵﺨﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﻁﺢ‬ every aspect.. ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺔ ﺒﻪ‬ • A visitor of the main Building of ‫• ﺍﻟﺯﺍﺌﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬ Bibliotheca Alexandrina passes …..... ‫ﻴﻤﺭ ﺒـ‬ 1- Large front doors which lead to a ‫١- ﺒﻭﺍﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬mirror-paneled grand court called‫ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺒﻬﻭ ﺭﺤﺏ ﺘﻐﻁﻲ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺒﻪ‬Ptolemy’s Court..‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻴﺎ ﻭﻴﺴﻤﻰ ﺒﻬﻭ ﺒﻁﻠﻴﻤﻭﺱ‬ 2- At Ptolemy’s Court there are‫٢- ﻓﻲ ﺒﻬﻭ ﺒﻁﻠﻴﻤﻭﺱ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﺃﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﻻﻗﺎﻤﺔ‬places for exhibition, places forartistic or cultural performances. ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﻟﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻭﺽ‬As well, there are a gift shop, a ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﺍﻴﺎ‬children’s library, a two-level ‫ﻭﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻟﻼﻁﻔﺎل ﻭﻜﺎﻓﺘﻴﺭﻴﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻁﺎﺒﻘﻴﻥ‬cafeteria with a veranda on thesecond level overlooking the plaza ‫ﺒﻬﺎ ﺸﺭﻓﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺎﺒﻕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﺘﻁل ﻋﻠﻰ‬and the sea. . ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ ﻤﻌﺎ‬ 3- A narrow corridor leading to the‫٣- ﻤﻤﺭ ﻀﻴﻕ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﺒﻨﻬﺎﻴﺘﻪ ﻗﺎﻋﺔ‬ornate Chalimachus’s room. Theroom is named after Callimachus ‫ﻜﺎﻟﻴﻤﺎﺨﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻜﺎﻥ‬who was a great poet and who ‫ﻤﺩﻴﺭﺍ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﻭﻀﻊ‬introduced its first indexingsystem.. ‫ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺭﺴﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ‬ 4- Then there is the inner veranda ‫٤- ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬where the visitor finds himself in ٨٠ ‫ﻴﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﺭﻀﻬﺎ ٠٦١ ﻤﺘﺭﺍ ﻭﻋﻤﻘﻬﺎ‬front of an interesting scene. The ‫ﻤﺘﺭﺍ ﻭﺘﺘﺩﺭﺝ ﺃﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ‬interior is divided into sevenlevels, 160 metres wide and 80 ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﻴﺄﺘﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﻥ‬metres high. The light comes from ‫ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻭل ﺍﻟﻰ ﻜل ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ 72. the top. Each level has a‫ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﻤﻤﺭ‬separating accessible from an‫ﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﻴﺘﻴﺢ ﻤﺩﺨﻼ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻼ ﻟﻜل‬outside passage. You can seebooks on different shelves in their ‫ﻤﺴﻁﺒﺔ ﻭﺘﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻓﻭﻓﻬﺎ‬different sections.. ‫ﻭﺃﻗﺴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ 5- On a lower level there are three‫٥- ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻬﺒﻭﻁ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺃﻋﻤﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬verandas below which there is the‫ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﺸﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺃﺴﻔﻠﻬﺎ‬“Manuscript Department” that has ‫ﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﺒﻌﻨﺎﻴﺔ ﻓﺎﺌﻘﺔ ﻭﺩﻗﺔ‬rare manuscripts which are ‫ﻴﺄﺘﻴﻬﺎ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻤﺎ‬securely controlled with naturallight coming from the top. Also, ‫ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻭﺴﻴﻘﻰ‬there are audio-visual electronic‫ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﻴﺔ‬sections which are acoustically ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻤﻌﺯﻭﻟﺔ ﺼﻭﺘﻴﺎ ﻋﻥ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬isolated.6- There is the Indexing Section‫٦- ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻏﺭﻑ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺭﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺒﻬﺎ‬where an electronic system is used‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺁﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺭﻜﺔ ﻟﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﻰ‬to convey books across theBuilding..‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬ 7- There are also workshops to which ‫٧- ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﻭﺭﺵ ﻟﺘﺭﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﺘﻨﻘل‬the books which need restorationare taken. These workshops are‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﻴﺩﻭﻴﺎ ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﺵ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ‬inside the Building through acentral passage by the main court.‫ﻋﺒﺭ ﻤﻤﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﺒﻬﻭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ 8- “The Library” also houses a school ‫٨- ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ ﻟﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬for information studies where ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ "ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻲ‬“The International Institute forInformation Studies” trains‫ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ " ﺒﺘﺩﺭﻴﺏ‬various groups of persons on‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻤﺘﻨﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ‬information sciences. . ‫ﻓﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﻋﻠﻭﻤﻬﺎ‬ 9- The Administration and Staff ‫٩- ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﻜﺎﺘﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬Offices are located on top levels, ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜل‬with verandas overlooking the sea.. ‫ﻤﻜﺘﺏ ﺸﺭﻓﺔ ﻤﻁﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ‬ 73. Outside The Main Building of ‫ﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬ Bibliotheca Alexandrina 1- There is a passage which connects ‫١- ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺠﺴﺭ ﻴﺭﺒﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬The University of Alexandria tothe Main Building of Bibliotheca ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻟﻰ‬Alexandrina. “The School forInformation Studies” can be ‫ﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ‬accessed directly through thepassage way.. ‫ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﺭ‬ 2- Outside The Main Building of ‫٢- ﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ‬Bibliotheca Alexandrina, there is aplanetarium which houses a‫ﻗﺒﺔ ﺴﻤﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﺘﺤﻑ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‬museum of modern sciences, alibrary for youth, a library for ‫ﻭﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻟﻸﻁﻔﺎل ﻭﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬children, a library for the blind, a ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻜﻔﻭﻓﻴﻥ ﻭﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺴﻴﻘﻰ ﻭﻤﺘﺤﻑ‬music library, a manuscriptmuseum and a laboratory for the‫ﻟﻠﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﻌﻤل ﻟﺘﺭﻤﻴﻡ ﻭﺤﻔﻅ‬restoration and preservation of.‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ‬books and manuscripts. 3- As well, there are an Artificial‫٣- ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﺒﺤﻴﺭﺓ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﻴﻁﺔ‬Lake, An Underground Parking‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﻤﻭﺍﻗﻑ ﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﺤﺕ‬and a Conference Center.‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺔ ﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭﺍﺕ‬ Remarks‫ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺎﺕ‬ • The Main Building in addition to‫• ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬ the other Buildings and the‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﻴﺭﺓ‬ Artificial Lake Compose the Compound of Bibliotheca‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻴﺸﻜﻠﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﻤﻊ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ Alexandrina. .‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬ • Bibliotheca Alexandrina is located ‫• ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻁﻌﺔ‬ in an area of 40.000 square metres by the waterfront, opposite the ‫ﺍﺭﺽ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺘﻬﺎ ٠٤ ﺃﻟﻑ ﻤﺘﺭ ﻤﺭﺒﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ Eastern Harbour (the royal precinct‫ﻜﻭﺭﻨﻴﺵ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻫﻭ‬ in Ancient Alexandria) which is almost the same location of the Ancient Bibliotheca Alexandrina. . ‫ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺒﺎ ﻨﻔﺱ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ 74. • In 2002 the building of Bibliotheca ‫• ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ٢٠٠٢ ﻡ ﺘﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ Alexandrina was chosen by"‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻤﺠﻠﺔ "ﺃﺭﻜﺘﻜﺸﺭ‬ “Architecture” magazine as one of the finest buildings in the world. . ‫ﻜﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺠﻤل ﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬• The formal inauguration of the new ‫• ﺘﻡ ﺇﻓﺘﺘﺎﺡ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ‬ Bibliotheca Alexandrina was on the sixteenth of October,2002. It‫ﻴﻭﻡ ٦١ ﺃﻜﺘﻭﺒﺭ ﻋﺎﻡ ٢٠٠٢ ﻭﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻹﻓﺘﺘﺎﺡ‬‫ﺍﺤﺘﻔﺎﻻﺕ ﺇﺴﺘﻤﺭﺕ ﺤﺘﻲ ﻴﻭﻡ١٣ ﺃﻜﺘﻭﺒﺭ‬ was followed by festivities that remained till the thirty first of October of the same year. Those‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ‬ festivities were given by the Library and by friends of the‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻔﺎﻻﺕ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺃﺼﺩﻗﺎﺀ‬ Library all over the world as a gift ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺤﻭل ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻜﻬﺩﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬ to the city of Alexandria and the People of Egypt. .‫ﺍﻷﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻟﺸﻌﺏ ﻤﺼﺭ‬ 75.   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫• ﺍﻟﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ‬‫• ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ‬‫• ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺯﻭﻴﺩ‬ Part V Treasures of Bibliotheca Alexandrina afterThe Revival and Re-establishment• Documents • Manuscripts • The Acquisition Department 76.   Chapter One ‫א‬Documents 77. (Suez Canal Documents)(‫)ﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ ﻗﻨﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﻴﺱ‬Suez Canal Documents form part‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ ﻗﻨﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﻴﺱ ﻤﻥ‬ of important holdings of Bibliotheca Alexandrina. One half of the‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ. ﺘﻡ‬ Documents were presented by the ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺼﻑ ﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ ﻗﻨﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﻴﺱ‬ French government, the other half by The Suez Canal Authority. The‫ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل‬ documents have been saved in a .‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻑ ﺍﻵﺨﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﻗﻨﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﻴﺱ‬ microfilm form and an index is available in both Arabic and French ‫ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻓﻬﺭﺴﺎ ﻴﻀﻡ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻐﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺭﻨﺴﻴﺔ. ﺘﻤﺜل ﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ ﻗﻨﺎﺓ‬ for easy access. The Documents are of great political and historical significance in addition to being an‫ﺍﻟﺴﻭﻴﺱ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ ﻭﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ important element of Egypt's modern heritage. The Library, too, holds‫ﺍﻟﻰ ﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﺠﺯﺀﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻱ‬ some artistic paintings drawn by ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭ . ﺘﻀﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺤﺎﺕ‬ Riou, the personal painter of khedive Ismael. The paintings show the‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺭﻴﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﻥ ﺭﻴﻭ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ‬ inauguration of the Suez Canal which‫ﻟﻠﺨﺩﻴﻭﻱ ﺇﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﻤﻅﺎﻫﺭ‬ was a grand international ceremony attended by a large number of heads ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻔﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻓﺘﺘﺎﺡ ﻗﻨﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﻴﺱ‬ of state at the time. They also show‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﺭﺯﺥ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻊ‬ the main route of the Suez Canal in a longitudinal section and a royal‫ﻟﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﻗﻨﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﻴﺱ ﻭﻋﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻙ ﻓﻲ‬ dinner in Ismaeliya. . ‫ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ 78. ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ، ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺒﻭﺭﺴﻌﻴﺩ، ﺒﺤﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﻁ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻘﻨﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﻴﺱ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺯﻟﺔ‬Main Dock, Lake Al-Manzalah, Port Main route of the Suez Canal,Said Harbour a longitudinal section‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻠﻬﻑ ﻭﺸﻐﻑ ﻭﻓﺭﺤﺔ ﺍﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻓﺘﺘﺎﺡ ﻗﻨﺎﺓ‬‫ﻤﺭﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﺤﺘﻔﺎل ﻀﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﺒﻴﺽ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻭﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬ Excited crowds at the inauguration ofGrand Ceremony, marking the linkingthe Suez Canalof the Mediterranean and the Red Sea ‫ﻤﻅﺎﻫﺭ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻔﺎل ﺒﺎﻓﺘﺘﺎﺡ ﻗﻨﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻁﺔ ﻤﺄﺨﻭﺫﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺘﻭﻀﺢ ﻤﻅﺎﻫﺭ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻔﺎل‬‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﻨﺎﺓ‬ Festivities marking the inauguration ofFestivities marking the inauguration ofthe Suez Canal the Suez Canal 79. ‫ﻋﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻓﺘﺘﺎﺡ ﻗﻨﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﻴﺱ‬ Royal dinner, Ismaeliya People and royalty at the inaugurationof the Suez Canal 80.  Chapter Two‫א‬ Manuscripts 81. A manuscript is often ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺔ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻜﺘﻭﺒﺔ ﺒﺨﻁ‬ handwritten by its author or another ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺩ. ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺔ ﺇﻤﺎ ﻤﻜﺘﻭﺒﺔ ﺒﺨﻁ‬ scribe with a mark of its author. Big collections of manuscripts have been ‫ﻤﺅﻟﻔﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺨﻁ ﻨﺎﺴﺦ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺨﻁ‬ obtained from "The Municipality of‫ﻤﺅﻟﻔﻬﺎ. ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ‬ Alexandria", "The Mosque of Abul- Abbass Al-Mursi" and "The ‫ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‬ Religious Institute of Smouha".. ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺴﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺴﻤﻭﺤﺔ‬The Manuscript Department‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﻤﺜل "ﻗﺴﻡ‬ has some sections as "The Indexing Section", "The Microfilm Section","‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺭﺴﺔ" "ﻭﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻓﻴﻠﻡ" "ﻭﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻤﻴﻡ‬ "The Restoration Section", "The Digital Laboratory Section", "The ‫"ﻭﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻲ" "ﻭﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬ Rare Books Section", "The Manuscripts Museum Section", "The‫"ﻭﻗﺴﻡ ﻤﺘﺤﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ" "ﻭﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ Chemical Laboratory Section" and "‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ" "ﻭﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ‬ "The Translation Section"."The Indexing Section" has ‫ﻗﺎﻡ "ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺭﺴﺔ" ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻲ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﻭﻴﻘﻭﻡ "ﻗﺴﻡ‬ classified the manuscripts". The Microfilm Section" keeps manuscripts on microfilms. In "The‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻓﻴﻠﻡ" ﺒﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺔ ﻭﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ‬ Microfilm Section" a book or a manuscript is compiled then appears ‫ﺒﺄﻱ ﻟﻐﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺴﺕ ﻟﻐﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ in six languages which are Arabic,‫ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺭﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ English, French, Spanish, Italian and German. This is because the Library‫ﻭﺍﻹﻴﻁﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻟﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻻﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ aims at emphasizing the channels of communication and interculturalism ‫ﺘﺒﻐﻲ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻷﺒﻭﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ‬ with Europe and the other world ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ. ﻭﻗﺩ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻡ ﺒﺠﻤﻊ ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﻋﺸﺭﺓ‬ countries. "The Microfilm Section" has collected about 10.000‫ﺁﻻﻑ ﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺔ ﻭﺘﻡ ﺤﻔﻅﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺸﺭﻁﺔ‬.‫ﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻓﻴﻠﻡ‬ manuscripts and kept them on microfilm. 82. In "The Restoration Section" rare manuscripts and maps are ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ "ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻤﻴﻡ" ﺒﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻭﺘﺭﻤﻴﻡ‬ restored. The Section has an Italian ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ grant in the form of equipment and internships. The Section has excellent ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﻌﺩﺍﺕ ﻤﻬﺩﺍﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺇﻴﻁﺎﻟﻴﺎ. ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺴﻡ‬ staff members who have received ‫ﺒﻪ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﻤﻤﺘﺎﺯﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﺤﺼﻠﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ‬ training in France. "The Digital Laboratory ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ "ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻲ" ﺒﺘﺤﻭﻴل‬ Section" transforms original ‫ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺼﻭﺭ ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ manuscripts into digital images for handling by researchers who obtain ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺍﺭﺴﻴﻥ ﺇﺫ‬ them after being kept on CDs.‫ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻌﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺩﻤﺠﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ .‫ﺇﺴﻁﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﺩﻤﺠﺔ‬"The Rare Books Section" collects rare books either by purchase‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ "ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺩﺭﺓ" ﺒﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ‬ or donation. It has about 1.200 rare ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺇﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﺸﺭﺍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺒﺭﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺴﻡ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ‬ books. Some are replicas of ‫ﺒﻪ ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﺃﻟﻑ ﻭﻤﺎﺌﺘﻲ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺎ ﻨﺎﺩﺭﺍ. ﺒﻌﺽ‬ important manuscripts, some are sole‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻕ ﺍﻷﺼل ﻤﻥ ﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ‬ editions and some are books printed‫ﻫﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺎﺕ‬ by stone plates in the early age of printing.‫ﻟﻡ ﺘﺘﻜﺭﺭ ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻜﺘﺏ ﻁﺒﻌﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻋﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬"The Manuscripts Museum ‫ﻓﻲ "ﻗﺴﻡ ﻤﺘﺤﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ" ﻴﺘﻡ‬ Section" keeps original manuscripts‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻔﺎﻅ ﺒﺄﺼﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﺒﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﺤﻔﻅ‬ for the purpose of preservation. It is an informative exhibition of old ‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ manuscripts and rare books. The‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻭﻴﻌﻤل ﺒﻪ ﻋﺎﻤﻠﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ staff, who work as guides to visitors,‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﻏﺎل ﺒﺎﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺜﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﻨﺘﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺯﻭﻴﺩﻫﻡ ﺒﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ are regularly updated on the necessary information related to the content of the items on display..‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺨﺘﺹ ﺒﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻌﺭﻭﺽ‬"The Chemical Laboratory ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ "ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ" ﺒﺈﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ Section" provides the necessary material to "The Restoration Section"‫ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺍﺯﻡ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ "ﻟﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻤﻴﻡ" ﻭ "ﻗﺴﻡ‬ and "The Microfilm Section". It 83. develops pictures and produces ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻓﻴﻠﻡ" ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻡ ﺒﺈﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭ‬ additional copies of the effects of paints and adhesive substances on‫ﻭﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﻨﺴﺦ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺁﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻟﻭﺍﻥ‬ papers. .‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻼﺼﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ‬ "The Translation Section" has members knowledgeable in the six ‫"ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ" ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺒﻪ ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ‬‫ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ major European languages. This section produces the Museum identification panels and translates‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻡ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺒﻁﺎﻗﺎﺕ‬ texts that are produced in forms of‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺤﻑ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺘﺏ ﻭﺴﻼﺴل‬ books and series. As a manuscript is important and ‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺔ ﻫﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻨﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻴﺘﻡ‬ rare, manuscripts are restored then‫ﺇﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﺭﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺭﻗﻡ‬ digitalized and saved on the ‫ﻭﺘﺤﻔﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻭﺘﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺴﻁﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ‬ computer or on CDs. There are plans‫ﻤﺩﻤﺠﺔ ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺨﻁﻁ ﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﻨﺴﺦ ﻤﻥ‬ for producing copies for sale to the . ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﻊ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ‬ public."The Manuscripts ‫"ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ" ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ‬ Department" has a multidisciplinary staff members who have good‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﻟﺩﻴﻬﻡ ﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ backgrounds of philosophy, librarianship, history and literature.‫ﻭﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ‬ They all have been trained on the‫ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺒﻬﻡ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺩﻗﻴﻕ ﻭﻤﻜﺜﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‬ skills necessary for producing manuscripts indices. ‫ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﻓﻬﺎﺭﺱ ﻟﻠﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ‬Bibliotheca Alexandrina ‫ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ contains important manuscripts such as the following ones: : ‫ﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﻫﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‬ 1- "Sahih Muslim""‫١- "ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬ which was written in 386.‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻜﺘﺒﺕ ﺴﻨﺔ ٦٨٣ ﻫﺠﺭﻴﺔ‬ H. 84. 2- "On Malik Jurisprudence" "‫٢- "ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻭﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ‬It was written in four volumes ‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﻜﺘﺒﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﺠﻠﺩﺍﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺎﻡ‬ from 450 H. to 520 H. It was written ‫٠٥٤ ﻫﺠﺭﻴﺔ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻋﺎﻡ ٠٢٥ ﻫﺠﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺩ‬ on leather plates in Maghrebi script.. ‫ﻜﺘﺒﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻟﻭﺍﺡ ﺠﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﺒﺨﻁ ﻤﻐﺭﺒﻲ‬ 3- "Medical Manuscripts""‫٣-"ﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬ They were written by Abu Bakr ‫ﻷﺒﻲ ﺒﻜﺭ ﺒﻥ ﺯﻜﺭﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺯﻱ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻜﺘﺒﺕ ﻓﻲ‬ Al-Razi, around 500 H..‫ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺴﻨﺔ ٠٠٥ ﻫﺠﺭﻴﺔ‬ 85. 4- "The Grand History" "‫٤- "ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬It is by Maqreezi, the leading historian. The manuscript is‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺴﻭﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ‬ composed of 400 pages handwritten ‫ﺃﺭﺒﻌﻤﺎﺌﺔ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﻨﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺭﻴﺯﻯ‬ by Maqreezi who had intended to make a clean copy of them..‫ﺘﺒﻴﻴﻀﻬﺎ ﻭﻜﺘﺎﺒﺘﻬﺎ‬ 5- A rare copy of "‫٥- "ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ‬ "prolegomenon"It is by Ibn Al-Salah, a ‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻴﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺃﺤﺎﺩﻴﺙ‬ scholar of Hadith.. ‫ﻨﺒﻭﻴﺔ‬ 6- "The Holy Quran" "‫٦- "ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ‬It is a complete copy in graceful naskhi script by Al- ‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ Sayed Saleh. It is written in 1214. It is a fully and‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻜﺘﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺩ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺒﻘﻠﻡ‬ exquisitely ornamented and gilded copy. The pages have‫ﻨﺴﺨﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ٤١٢١ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻨﺴﺨﺔ‬ broad gilded frames. Margins are adorned with.‫ﺒﺩﻴﻌﺔ ﻤﺫﻫﺒﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻜﺎﻤل‬ floral patterns. 7- "The Holy Quran" "‫٧- "ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ‬It is a wonderful complete, gilded, ‫ﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺭﺍﺌﻌﺔ ﻜﺘﺒﻬﺎ ﺤﺎﻤﺩ‬ ornamented and framed copy ‫ﺨﻠﻭﺼﻰ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻤﺫﻫﺒﺔ ﻭﻤﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬ of the Holy Quran in naskhi script by Hamid Khlusi.. ‫ﻭﻤﺅﻁﺭﺓ‬ 8- Title page of "Exegetical"‫٨- ﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺔ "ﺤﺎﺸﻴﺔ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ Notes"It is by Muhammad Ibn ‫ﻹﺒﻥ ﺃﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻁﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﺴﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ Youssef. It is a graceful‫ﺒﻥ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﺍﻟﺤﻨﻔﻲ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻨﺴﺨﺔ‬ copy. .‫ﺨﺯﺍﺌﻨﻴﺔ‬ 9- "The Bible" "‫٩- "ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﺱ‬ Including the New ‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﻨﺠﻴل‬ Testament in naskhi script. ‫ﺘﺸﻤل "ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩ" ﻜﺘﺒﺕ ﺒﺨﻁ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‬ 86. 10- "Ibn Maja's Sunan""‫٠١- "ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻥ‬ It is an important book‫ﻷﺒﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺭﻴﺩ‬ of The Tradition of Prophet Muhammad of Islam. It is by ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﺒﺎﺒﻥ ﻤﺎﺠﻪ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ Muhammad Farid: Ibn Maja. .‫ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﻭﻫﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﻱ‬ 87. 11- "Al-Jami Al-Sahih""‫١١- "ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ It is an authenticated corpus of the sayings of ‫ﻟﻺﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺴﻠﻡ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺎﺝ‬ prophet Muhammad of Islam. It is by Imam Muslim ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺴﺎﺒﻭﺭﻱ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺒﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‬ Ibn Al-Hajaj Al-Naisapuri. . ‫ﺃﺼﺢ ﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﻱ‬ It is the second authority on Hadith next to Al-Bukhari's Sahih. 12- "Al-Faraj" "‫٢١- "ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺝ‬ The manuscript is a number of books about‫ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻭﺨﻲ ﺇﺒﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺤﺴﻥ ﺒﻥ‬ deliverance after hardship. The best known is by Al- ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺝ ﺒﻌﺩ‬ Tanoukhi.. ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺩﺓ‬ 13- “Introduction To"‫٣١- "ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﻑ‬ Sofism”It is a restored and well- ‫ﻜﺘﺒﻬﺎ ﺃﺒﻭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ‬ preserved manuscript written by Abu Abdul. ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ‬ Rahman Mohammad Ibn Al-Hussein Al-Salamy.١٤- “Al-Shifa’a” The‫٤١- اﻟﺸﻔﺎء ﺑﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺣﻘﻮق‬‫اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻔﻲ‬ Healing‫ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﻋﻴﺎﺽ ﺃﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻀل‬It is by Al-Qadi Ayyad Abul Fadl Ayyad Ibn ‫ﻋﻴﺎﺽ ﺒﻥ ﻤﻭﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﺤﺼﺒﻲ ﻭﻫﻭ‬ Mousa Al-Yahsubi. It is one of the masterpieces on the ‫ﻤﻥ ﺃﺸﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﺓ‬ history of prophet .‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﻴﺔ‬ Muhammad of Islam. 88. ١٥- “The Holy Qur’an” "‫٥١- "ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻑ‬ It is a complete copy of ‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ the Holy Qur’an in graceful‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺒﻘﻠﻡ ﻨﺴﺨﻲ ﺠﻤﻴل ﻓﻲ‬ naskhi script, completed around the 12th century H..‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻋﺸﺭ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺭﻱ‬ ١٦- “Al-Wafi” "‫٦١- "ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻓﻲ‬It is a comprehensive‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺠﺎﻤﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ guide to Islamic jurisprudence by Nasafi. .‫ﻜﺘﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻔﻲ‬ ١٧- “Al-Shama’il” "‫٧١- "ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﺌل‬ It is by Iman Termizi‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﻟﻺﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻤﺫﻱ ﻭﻫﻲ‬ about the qualities of prophet ‫ﻋﻥ ﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻨﻰ‬ Muhammad of Islam.. ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ١٨- “Dictionary of ‫٨١- ﺍﻟﻤﻐﺭﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﺏ‬Unfamiliar Terms”‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻏﺭﺍﺌﺏ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﺎﻅ‬ It is by Al-Mutarrazi. It deals with unfamiliar terms‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﻴﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻜﺘﺒﻬﺎ‬ used by scholars in the .‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﺯﻱ‬ Islamic jurisprudence.١٩- “Annotated Selections” "‫٩١- "ﺠﺎﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺭﻤﻭﺯ‬ It is an annotated edition‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺸﺭﺡ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﺎﻴﺔ ﻟﺼﺩﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻋﺒﻴﺩ ﺍﷲ‬ of “Al-Naqaya” by Sadrul Shari’ah Ubaidullah. ٢٠- "Al-Ghaya""‫٠٢- "ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﻜﺘﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺜﻤﻲ ﻭﻫﻲ‬It is by Al-Haithami. It is a rare copy of the "Ultimate Aim" of the‫ﺸﺭﺡ ﻟﻸﺤﺎﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺴﻨﺩ‬ supplements of Al-Musnad which is an authority on‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺤﻨﺒل ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ hadith by Imam Ahmed Ibn Hanbal which includes.‫ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ authenticated Hadiths. 89. 2١- "Al-Nuzha" ‫١٢- "ﻨﺯﻫﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩﻱ" ﻓﻲ ﺃﺨﺒﺎﺭ‬ It is by Al-Aqrani of‫ﻤﻠﻭﻙ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩﻱ‬ Marrakesh. It is a rare ‫ﻟﻸﻗﺭﺍﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻜﺸﻲ ﻭﻫﻲ‬ manuscript on the histories‫ﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺔ ﻨﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻭﺍﺭﻴﺦ ﻋﺩﻴﺩ‬ of various kings and rulers. .‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬ 2٢- "Edicts of Sultan "‫٢٢- "ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻷﻜﺒﺭﻴﺔ‬ Akbar Shah ‫ﻜﺘﺒﻬﺎ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﻀل ﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ‬‫ﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻜﺒﺭ ﺸﺎﻩ ﻭﺘﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻋﻥ‬It is by Abul Fadl Ibn Al-Mubarak. It is about the political edicts of Moghul‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻁﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻬﺩ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ‬ Sultan Akbar Shah. It is a Persian manuscript..‫ﺸﺎﻩ. ﻭﻫﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺴﻴﺔ‬2٣- "Informed Reports on ‫٣٢- "ﺨﻼﺼﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻋﻭﻥ‬the Plague" ‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ‬ It is an abridged"‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻋﻭﻥ‬ handwritten edition by.‫ﻜﺘﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺼﻲ‬ Muhammad Al-Homsi.2٤- "The Qanun" "‫٤٢- "ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬ It is by Avicenna. It is a‫ﻜﺘﺒﻬﺎ ﺇﺒﻥ ﺴﻴﻨﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ‬ masterpiece in the history of. ‫ﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺔ ﺸﻬﻴﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬ Medicine.2٥- "Al-Ibriz" (Gold Ore) "‫٥٢- "ﺍﻹﺒﺭﻴﺯ‬ It is a manuscript by Al-‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺔ ﺒﻜﻼﻡ ﺴﻴﺩﻱ ﻋﺒﺩ‬ Salgamasi. It presents the. ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﺠﻤﺎﺴﻰ‬ words of Sidi Abdul-Aziz. 90. 2٦- Siraj Al-Muluk (Royal‫٦٢- ﺴﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻙ‬ Lamp) ‫ﻟﻠﻁﺭﻁﻭﺸﻲ ﻭﻴﻌـﺩ ﻤـﻥ ﺃﺸـﻬﺭ‬ It is by Al-Tartushi. It is a.‫ﻤﺅﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ masterpieceinIslamic politics. 2٧- "Amusing Anecdotes‫٧٢- ﺴﻠﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺎﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬ of Eccentric personalities.‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﺎﻉ‬ It is by Abu Dhafar. The ‫ﻷﺒﻲ ﻅﻔﺭ ﻴﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻟﻑ‬ author presents amusing stories about some sultans.‫ﺨﻼﺼﺔ ﺤﻜﻤﺘﻪ ﻭﺸﻴﺌﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻭﺍﺩﺭ‬ The stories are narrated by ‫ﻭﺃﺨﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻁﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﺴﺎﻥ‬ animals and birds..‫ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻥ‬ ٢٨- Al-Washi (Adorned)‫٨٢- "ﺍﻟﻭﺸﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻗﻭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺤل‬ It is by Ibn Al-Athir Al-"‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻅﻭﻡ‬ Jazri. It is a manuscript on‫ﻹﺒﻥ ﺍﻷﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺠـﺯﺭﻯ ﻭﺘﺘﻨـﺎﻭل‬ the Qur'an, Hadith and the rules of writing poetry and ‫ﺁﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜـﺭﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺤـﺩﻴﺙ‬ prose.‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﻭﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺀ‬ ٢٩- "Untitled Manuscript""‫٩٢"ﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺔ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬ It is a descriptive technical ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴـﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠـﻭﻡ‬ catalogue. It has accurate‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﺎﺕ ﻭﺒﻬﺎ ﺭﺴﻭﻡ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻵﻻﺕ‬ illustrations of mechanical devices, machines,‫ﻫﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺨـﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﻓﻠﻜﻴـﺔ ﻭﺁﻻﺕ‬ astronomical maps, .‫ﺘﻠﻴﺴﻜﻭﺏ ﻭﺃﺸﻜﺎل ﻨﺒﺎﺘﺎﺕ‬ telescopes and sections of plants. 91. 3٠ Al-Fawa'id Al-"‫٠٣ "ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﺍﻟﻀﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ Diyai'ya" It is by Al-Jami. It is an ‫ﻟﻠﺠﺎﻤﻲ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺸﺭﺡ ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ annotation of "Al-Kafiya" which is a complete guide to .‫"ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ‬ grammar.3١ "Annotation of Malik's "‫١٣ "ﺸﺭﺡ ﺇﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻑ‬ Alfiya It is by Ibn Mossanif. It‫ﻹﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻑ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬ presents an annotation of Ibn.‫ﺸﺭﺤﺎ ﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﺒﻥ ﻤﺎﻙ‬ Malik's Al-Fiya. 3٢ "Annotation of‫٢٣ ﺸﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ Maqsuras"‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺼﺎﺌﺩ‬ It includes poems ending with Maqsur letters‫ﺘﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬ and presents annotations of .‫ﺸﺭﺤﺎ ﻟﻬﻡ‬ them. 3٣ "Complete poems of"‫٣٣ "ﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺠﻨﺩل‬ Ibn Jandal"‫ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻋﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻫﻠﻲ ﺴﻼﻤﺔ ﺒﻥ‬It is by the pre-Islamic‫ﺠﻨﺩل ﻭﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺼﺎﺌﺩ‬ poet Salama Ibn Jandal. It contains complete poems of ‫ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻋﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﻤﻜﺘﻭﺒﺔ ﺒﺨﻁ‬ the poet in thuluth script..‫ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺙ‬ 3٤ "Bright stars In praise‫٤٣ "ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺍﻜﺏ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﺡ‬ of the perfect Human""‫ﺨﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺔ‬ It is by Al-Busseri. It ‫ﻟﻠﺒﻭﺼﻴﺭﻱ ﻭﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻤﺩﺤﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﺒﻰ‬.‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ presents a praise of prophet Muhammad of Islam. 3٥ "Rules of correct"‫٥٣ "ﺇﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻕ‬ Utterance"It is by Ibn Al-Sakkit. It ‫ﻹﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻴﺕ ﻭﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ is an important manuscript ‫ﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺔ ﻫﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺏ‬ of Arabic language and literature..‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‬ 92. 3٦"Rehla" (A Journey) "‫٦٣ "ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬It is by Al-Fasi. It is‫ﻟﻠﻔﺎﺴﻲ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺴﺠل ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ‬ .‫ﺭﺤﻠﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺞ‬ about the author's pilgrimage to the Holy Muslim places. 3٧ "Index Symbol""‫٧٣ "ﻜﺎﺸﻑ ﺍﻟﺭﻤﻭﺯ‬It is by Al-Tussi. It‫ﻟﻠﻁﻭﺴﻲ ﻭﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺸﺭﺤﺎ ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ presents an annotation of the‫ﺇﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺏ "ﻤﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺅﺍل‬ abridged edition of "Fundamentals and ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻤل ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻷﺼﻭل‬ Argument" by Ibn Al-Hajib.."‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺩل‬ ٣٨"Principles of ‫٨٣"ﺁﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬ Judiciary"‫ﻟﺸﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺒﻥ‬It is by Sharaful Din Eissa Ibn Othman Al-‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﺎﺯﻱ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬ Mughazi. It is about rule and .‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻜﻡ‬ rulers. ٣٩"The Encyclopedia of‫٩٣"ﻤﺴﺎﻟﻙ ﺍﻷﺒﺼﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻤﺎﻟﻙ‬ Images of kingdoms"‫ﺍﻷﻤﺼﺎﺭ‬ and countries"‫ﻟﻠﻜﺭﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺔ‬It is by Al-Karamani. It‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﻀﺨﻤﺔ ﺘﻘﻊ‬ is a grand encyclopedia of‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺸﺭﻴﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺩﺍ ﻓﻲ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‬ more than twenty volumes in the Arab heritage. 4٠ "Manuscripts about‫٠٤ "ﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺠﻴﻡ‬ Fortune Telling" "‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﻔﻴﺔ‬They are anonymous‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻤﺅﻟﻑ ﻭﻫﻲ‬ epistles in astrology which ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺤﺴﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﺘﺭﺩ ﻓﻲ‬ include circular and tabular‫ﺠﺩﺍﻭل ﺃﻭ ﺩﻭﺍﺌﺭ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺫﻜﺭ‬ .‫ﺘﻨﺒﺅﺍﺕ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻙ‬ calculations which prophesy fate of various kings. 93.   Chapter Three ‫א א‬ The Acquisitions Department 94. The Acquisitions Department ‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺯﻭﻴﺩ ﺒﺘﺴﻬﻴل ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ provides the Library with books and ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﺃﻱ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ ﻭﻋﺎﺀ‬ other forms of information. ‫ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ The Acquisitions Department is : ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺒﺈﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺯﻭﻴﺩ ﻫﻲ‬ sub-divided into four sections: A- The Donations Section‫ﺃ- ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻹﻫﺩﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ B- The Acquisitions Section ‫ﺏ- ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﻨﺎﺀ‬ C- The Purchase Section‫ﺝ- ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺭﻴﺩﺍﺕ‬ D- The Entry and Checking Section ‫ﺩ- ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ‬The Donations section receives‫ﻴﺘﻭﻟﻰ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻹﻫﺩﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ‬ the books that are donated to the‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﺘﻤﺘﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺩﺍﺓ‬ Library. The donated books usually ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺩﺭﺓ . ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺯﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ come in finely chosen special‫٠٠٠,٠٥١ )ﻤﺎﺌﺔ ﻭﺨﻤﺴﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎ( ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ‬ collections. There are over 150.000 books donated to the Library. Among ‫ﻤﻬﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺩﺍﺓ‬ the donated books is the private‫ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻟﻸﺩﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ‬ collection of Lawrance Durrel, author ‫ﻟﻭﺭﺍﻨﺱ ﺩﺍﺭﻴل ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺭﺒﺎﻋﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻔﻀﻠﺕ ﺯﻭﺠﺘﻪ ﺇﻴﻔﺎ‬ of Alexanrida Quartets, which was presented to the Library by his wife Mrs Eiva Durrel..‫ﺩﺍﺭﻴل ﺒﺈﻫﺩﺍﺌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ The "Acquisitions Section" ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﻨﺎﺀ ﺒﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ‬ identifies the books to be obtained by‫ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺫﺍﺕ ﻜﺘﺏ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ the Library. These books can be ‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻭﺭ‬ books about the history of ancient‫ﻭﻜﺘﺏ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ Alexandria, the ancient Library of Alexandria, the history of ancient‫ﻭﻜﺘﺏ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻜﺘﺏ‬ 95. Egypt, Mediterranean cultures and ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻭﻜﺘﺏ‬ sciences in addition to other ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻓﺭﻋﻴﺔ‬ acquisition sub-headings including Africa, encyclopedias, dictionaries,‫ﻤﺜل ﻜﺘﺏ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺄﻓﺭﻴﻘﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺎﺕ‬ and assistive aids for the blind and an‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻤﻴﺱ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻔﻭﻓﻴﻥ‬ audio-visual system. .‫ﻭﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺴﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺒﺼﺭﻴﺔ‬"The Purchase Section" buys‫ﻴﺘﻭﻟﻰ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺭﻴﺩﺍﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﺍﺀ‬ the necessary items at the best possible prices..‫ﺒﺄﻓﻀل ﺍﻷﺴﻌﺎﺭ‬"The Entry and Checking "‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ "ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ‬ Section"‫ﺒﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﻭﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ‬ Checks deliveries against the orders placed by the first section. .‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺸﺭﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ 96. Conclusion 97. Conclusion‫ﺨﺘــــــﺎﻡ‬By reviving Bibliotheca ‫ﺒﺈﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻗﺩ‬ Alexandrina, a long thought after dream has come true by the ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺤﻠﻡ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﺯﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺎﻁﺊ‬ waterfront of Alexandria the city which was a radiant cultural and ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ intellectual centre in the ancient.‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯﺍ ﻟﻺﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬ world.The revival of that great Edifice ‫ﺇﻥ ﺇﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺼﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﻱ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻁﺎﻟﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺎﻉ ﻨﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ‬ of science and knowledge which spread culture in the ancient world has been one of the prominent‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻟﻬﻭ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺨﻁﻁ‬ development plans of modern Egypt ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻬﺩ‬ at the time of president Hosni Mubarak..‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺤﺴﻨﻰ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ‬The purpose of reviving ‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬ Bibliotheca Alexandrina has been to ‫ﻗﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ‬ contribute to the present-day cultural and intellectual activity on an‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ international level..‫ﺩﻭﻟﻲ‬The present Library is not only‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺕ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ‬ an attempt to reconstruct the ancient‫ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻹﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ Bibliotheca Alexandrina or simply another great library being added to ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺴﺕ ﺒﺒﺴﺎﻁﺔ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺘﻀﺎﻑ‬ the chain of libraries established‫ﺍﻟﻰ ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺃﻗﻴﻤﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ‬ recently in Egypt, but also it is a‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻵﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﺃﻨﺸﺄﺕ‬ universal centre of culture aiming at‫ﻟﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﺍ ﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺎ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﺎ ﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﻰ‬ facilitating a new revival of the intellectual, philosophical and ‫ﺘﺴﻬﻴل ﺇﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻟﻠﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬ scientific role of the Mediterranean ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ ﺍﻷﺒﻴﺽ‬ region..‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬ 98. ThepresentLibraryof ‫ﺇﻥ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺴﺘﺸـﻜل‬ Alexandria will also form an important base in the modern ‫ﺭﻜﻨﺎ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻴـﺔ‬ international communication network‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺘﻀﻡ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻯ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬ which includes other major libraries in the providing access to the ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﻘل ﺍﻟﺒﺸـﺭﻱ ﻤـﻥ‬ achievements of human intellect in all‫ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺸﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻀـﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐـﺎﺕ‬ civilizations and languages. Thus, the present Library, which houses rare ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ ﻓﻠﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻟﺤﻔﻅ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻴﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴـﺔ‬ books, precious manuscripts and historical documents in addition to the information flux which ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺴﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﻴﻔـﻴﺽ‬ characterizes life in the modern world, will not be an only place for ‫ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﺴﻭﻑ ﺘﻤﺜل ﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬ keeping but it will also provide a ‫ﺠﺴﺭﺍ ﻗﻭﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﻭﺩ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ forum for creative exchange and dialogues between civilizations, ‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻕ ﺒﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﻤﻠﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺭﺍﺙ ﺇﻨﺴﺎﻨﻲ‬ between the human heritage of the‫ﺃﺼﻴل ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺏ ﺒﻜل ﻤـﺎ ﻴﻤﻠﻜـﻪ ﻤـﻥ‬ East and the science and technology of the West.. ‫ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻲ‬That creative exchange and those‫ﻨﺤﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻤﺜـل ﻫـﺫﺍ‬ dialogues have been most urgently‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻕ ﻟﻨﺒﻨﻲ ﻤﻌﺎ- ﻓـﻲ‬ called for in both East and West for setting up a new world prevailed with‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺭﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺍﺀ – ﻋﺎﻟﻤﺎ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺍ‬ the values of good, right and beauty.. ‫ﺘﺴﻭﺩﻩ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎل‬Themainobjective of ‫ﺇﻥ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﻷﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ Bibliotheca Alexandrina is to be a lighthouse of science, culture and ‫ﻤﻨﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ knowledge and to be a great‫ﻨﺎﻓﺫﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺒل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜل ﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬ reflection of the present and past civilizations. .‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻤﻌﺎ‬ I hope Bibliotheca Alexandrina ‫ﺇﻨﻨﻲ ﺃﺘﻤﻨﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬ will allow Egyptian readers to learn ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﺫﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻴﻀﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺼﺭﻴﻴﻥ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ about other civilizations and to be‫ﺤﻀﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﻭﺍﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻭﺜﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ‬ networked with other leading libraries‫ﺒﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺭﺍﺌﺩﺓ ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻫﺩ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‬ and institutions in the world so as to 99. provide access to unlimited sources‫ﺒﻬﺩﻑ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻓﻴﺽ ﻫﺎﺌل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ of information worldwide and to be a ‫ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﻭﺍﻥ‬ centre of communication between‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﺍ ﻟﻼﻟﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎل‬.‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺭﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺭﺏ‬ North and South and between East and West.Last and not least, my wish to ‫ﺃﺨﻴﺭﺍ ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﺁﺨﺭﺍ ﺃﺘﻤﻨﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻅل‬ Bibliotheca Alexandrina is to remain‫ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻨﺒﺭﺍﺴﺎ ﻴﻬﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻰ‬ the lamp guiding all towards the light of science, the rays of knowledge and ‫ﻨﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺃﺸﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻭﺃﻤﺠﺎﺩ‬ the glories of civilizations. .‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ Farees Awad ‫ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻋﻭﺽ‬ 100. References ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠـــﻊ‬ 1- “The legend of Alexandria, the‫١- "ﺃﺴﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺃﺸﻬﺭ‬story of the world’s mostfamous library” by Akhbar Al- .‫ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﺭﻓﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ" ﺩﺍﺭ ﺃﺨﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ‬yom. 2- Different websites about‫٢- ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻋﻥ‬Bibliotheca Alexandrina..‫ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬ 3- The History of Alexandria and‫٣- "ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬its civilization since Ancienttimes” By: Mohammad Awwad‫ﻭﺤﻀﺎﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻨﺫ ﺃﻗﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻭﺭ" ﻟﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬Hassaneen.‫ﻋﻭﺍﺩ ﺤﺴﻨﻴﻥ‬ 4- “History and Fate of the Old‫٤- "ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﺴﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬Library of Alexandria "‫ﻭﻤﺼﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ By: Dr Mustafa Al-Abbadi‫ﻟﻠﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ‬ 5-"An entrance to Greek and‫٥-"ﻤﺩﺨل ﺍﻟﻲ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻻﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬Roman Archeology""‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻭﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ By: professor Ezzat Zaki Hamed‫ﻟﻼﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻋﺯﺕ ﺯﻜﻲ ﺤﺎﻤﺩ ﻗﺎﺩﻭﺱ‬ Kadouss 6-"An Introduction to The Greek "‫٦-"ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻭﻤﺎﻨﻲ‬and Roman Literature" ‫ﻟﻼﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﺸﺭﻗﺎﻭﻱ‬ By: professor Fuad Sharkawi 101. Bibliotheca Alexandrina (After the(‫ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ )ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻹﺤﻴﺎﺀ‬ Revival) If you want to fathom history‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺴﺒﺭ ﺃﻏﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ and dive into its pages starting ‫ﻭﺘﻐﻭﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻔﺤﺎﺘﻪ ﺒﺎﺩﺌﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺼﺭ‬ from the age of establishing‫ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺜﻡ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬ Alexandria then the ancient Bibliotheca Alexandrina passing ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻤﺎﺭﺍ ﺒﺎﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﺸﻬﺩ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ the time that witnessed the end of‫ﺍﻷﺴﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﺼل ﺍﻟﻰ ﻋﺼﺭ ﺇﺤﻴﺎﺀ‬ the Legend till you reach the ‫ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﺭﺃ‬ revival time, you have to read this documentary book..‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻭﺜﺎﺌﻘﻲ‬