INDUSTRIAL TRAINING INSTITUTE PALANA, DIST:KHEDA GUJARAT. CENTRE OF EXCELLANCE ( MECHANICAL SECTOR ) BASIC ELECTRICAL,ELECTRONICS & COMPUTER BASIC ELECTRICAL,ELECTRONICS & COMPUTER DURATION 8 WEEKS MODULE - 3 SPLIT UP OF SYLLABUS ( THEORY ) WEEK NO - 1 LESSONES IMPORTANCE OF SAFETY GENERAL CARE & MAINTENANCE OF COMMON HAND TOOLS WIRES & CABLES SOLDERING & PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS & ITS EVES DIFFERENT FLUXES FOR DIFFERENT METALS CRIMPING EQUIPMENTS IMPORTANCE & MAINTANANCE OF EARTHING WEEK NO - 2 LESSONES RESISTANCE VOLTAGE CURRENT OPEN & SHORT CIRCUIT OHM’S LAW,VOLTAGE DROP,SERIES / PARALLEL CIRCUITS POWER & ENERGY RELATIONS ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS COMMON ELECTRICAL ACCESSORIES USED IN INDUSTRIES FUSES AND IT’S RATINGS-MATERIALS USED WEEK NO – 3 LESSONES INDUCTION PRINCIPLES,ELECTRO-MAGNETISM-FARADAY’S LAW SINGLE PHASE & POLY PHASE SYSTEM,3 PHASE STAR-DELTA CONNECTIONS,IMPEDANCE & POWER FACTOR PRINCIPLE &APPLICATION OF D.C MOTORS SERIES,SHUNT & COMPOUND MOTOR – A.C. MOTORS [ NEXT PAGE ] TRANSFORMERS & ITS APPLICATIONS CHEMICAL EFFECT OF ELECTRICAL CURRENT-RECHARGABLE BATTERIES A.C MOTOR STARTING ITH DOL/STAR DELTA STARTER WEEK NO - 4 LESSONES STATIC ELECTRICITY – CAPACITORS & ITS APPLICATIONS FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRON THEORY,SEMI CONDUCTOR DEVICES SYMBOL SPECIFICATIONS-DIODES,TRANSISTORS,UNI JUNCTION TRANSISTOR,FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR SILICON CONTROLLED RECTIFIER & ICS HALF WAVE,FULL WAVE & BRIDGE RECTIFIER WITH FILTERS,D.C POWER SUPPLY. WEEK NO –5 LESSONES INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER FUNDAMENTEL AND ITS PARTS. FAMILIARING WITH DISK DRIVER BOOTING OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM. USING OF OPERATING SYSTEM LIKE WINDOW XP,THINKS MENU SYSTEM TOOL BARS FILE STRUCTURES DIRECTORS. MOVING AND COPYING A FILE FROM FLOPPY TO HARD DISK HARD DISK TO FLOPPY DISK CREATING DIRECTORIES FORMATING FLOPPY DISK WEEK NO - 6 LESSONES USE OF DESK TOP CONTROL PANEL SETTING EXPLORER REGIONAL SETTINGS CREATING SHORTCUTS USE OF SIMPLE APPLICATION LIKE PAINT ,NOTEPAD WEEK NO - 7 LESSONES STUDY OF INTERNATE EXPLORER MODERN SETTING IN THE IE AND MODEM DIAL UP AND BROAD BAND CONNECTIONS OUT LOOK EXPRESS VIEWING E-MAIL FROM THE WEB SITE & OUTLOOK EXPRESS CREATING E-MAIL ACCOUNTS USING SEARCH ENGINES VIDEO CONFERENCING MS CHAT WEEK NO – 8 LESSONES CREATING SAMPLE DOCUMENTS. USING MS WORD TEXT WRAPPING TEXT FORMATING CHANGING LETTERS TO DIFFERENT CASE DRAWING TABLE MAIL MERGING PAGE FORMATING USING DIFFERENT FONT TYPES PRINTING A DOCUMENT ( NEXT PAGE ) USING EXCEL AS SPREAD SHEET FAMILIARISING WITH CELLS FORMULAS,TEXT NUMBERS & DATE USING SHORTCUTS FOR ENTERING DATE AND NUMBERS IN PROGRESIVE CELLS. COPYING FORMULAS TEXT & NUMBERS USING BORDERS MERGING CELLS UNMERGING CHANGING CELL WIDTH ROW HEIGHT PRINTING AN AREA OF THE SHEET OPTIONS OF PRINTING LIKE FIT TO PAPER,SHRINKING ETC. USING DIFFERENT SHEETS IN A WORK BOOK CHANGING COLOUR OF CELLS FONTS,TEXT. SKILL FOR TRAINEE IN MODULE - 3 ( NEXT PAGE ) TESTING OF ELECTRI..&ELECTRO.. ACCESSORIES & COMPONENTS 04 04 CONNECTION OF ELECTRI..&ELECTO..ACCESSORIES & COMPONENETS 03 03 MEASURMENT OF ELECTRI.. & ELECTRO..ACCSSOREIS & COMPONENTS 02 02 IDENTIFICATION AND USE OF ELECTRIC..&ELECTR..ACCESSORIES & COMPONENTS 01 01 DESCRIPTION SKIL NO. WEEK NO USE OF COMPUTER PROGRAMME WITH THE INDUSTRIAL RELATED. 08 08 BASIC COMPUTER APPLICATION 07 07 BASIC OPERATION OF COMPUTER 06 06 INTRODUCTION & USE OF COMPUTER & IT’S ACCESSORIES 05 05 THEORY RACTIFIER DEFINATION THE CIRCUIT WHICH CONVERTS A.C VOLTAGE INTO D.C. VOLTAGE IS CALLED RACTIFIER TYPES OF RACTIFIER HALF WAVE RACTIFIER FULL WAVE RACTIFIER BRIDGE WAVE RACTIFIER HALF WAVE RACTIFIER CONSTRUCTION STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER(AS PER REQUIREMENT), DIODE IN 4001/4007-1 PIECE, RESISTOR 1K -1 NO. WORKING THIS RACTIFIER CONVERTS HALF AC VOLTAGE CYCLE INTO D.C VOLTAGE EXAMPLE IF YOUR TRANSFORMER IS 6V/A.C THEN IT’S OUTPUT YOU GET 3V/D.C FULL WAVE RACTIFIER CONSTRUCTION STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER(AS PER REQUIREMENT), DIODE IN 4001/4007- 2 PIECE, RESISTOR 1K - 1 NO. WORKING THIS RACTIFIER CONVERTS FULL AC VOLTAGE CYCLE INTO D.C VOLTAGE EXAMPLE IF YOUR TRANSFORMER IS 6V/A.C THEN IT’S OUTPUT YOU GET 6V/D.C BRIDGE WAVE RACTIFIER CONSTRUCTION STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER(AS PER REQUIREMENT), DIODE IN 4001/4007- 4 PIECE, RESISTOR 1K -1 NO. WORKING THIS RACTIFIER CONVERTS FULL AC VOLTAGE CYCLE INTO D.C VOLTAGE EXAMPLE IF YOUR TRANSFORMER IS 12V/A.C THEN IT’S OUTPUT YOU GET 12V/D.C DIODE TYPES RACTIFIER DIODE ZENER DIODE LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (L.E.D) DETECTOR DIODE STEEK DIODE VARACTOR DIODE LIQUID CRYSTAL DIODE (L.C.D) PHOTO DIODE TUNNEL DIODE CONSTRUCTION DIODE IS A CONNECTION OF P & N TYPE SEMI CONDUCTORS. DIODE HAS TWO TERMINAL ONE TERMINAL IS POSITIVE (+) OTHER IS NEGATIVE (-) POSITIVE TERMINAL KNOWN AS ANODE NEGATIVE TERMINAL KNOWN AS CATHODE. DIODE IS MADE FROM SEMI CONDUCTOR MATERIAL LIKE GERMENIUM & SILICON WORKING OF DIODE RACTIFIER DIODE :- IT CONVERTS A.C VOLTAGE INTO D.C VOLTAGE ZENER DIODE :- IT IS USED FOR VOLTAGE REGULATION L.E.D :- IT IS USED FOR EMITTING LIGHT DETECTOR DIODE :- USED FOR BLOCK HIGH FREQUENCY STEEK DIODE :- USE FOR HIGH VOLTAGE RACTIFICATION ( NEXT PAGE ) VARACTOR DIODE :- USE FOR CHANNEL TUNING L.C.D :- USE FOR DISPLAY DIGITS PHOTO DIODE :- USE FOR CONTROL THE CKT BY LIGHT TUNNEL DIODE :- USE FOR SWITCHING TRANSISTORS TYPES OF TRANSISTORS PNP TRANSISTORS NPN TRANSISTORS FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR ( F.E.T ) UNI JUNCTION TRANSISTOR ( U.J.T ) SILICON CONTROLLED RACTIFIER ( S.C.R ) CONSTRUCTION TRANISTOR IS A CONNECTION OF TWO DIODES. PNP TRANSISTOR :- N TYPE SEMI CONDUCTOR SANDWICH BETWEEN TWO P TYPE SEMI CONDUCTORS. NPN TRANSISTOR :- P TYPE SEMI CONDUCTOR SANDWICH BETWEEN TWO NTYPE SEMI CONDUCTORS. PNP & NPN TRANSISTOR HAS THREE TERMINAL ( NEXT PAGE ) TERMINALS NAME ARE EMITTER, BASE & COLLECTOR PNP & NPN TRANSISTOR ARE BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS (BJT) TRANSISTOR IS SEMI CONDUCTOR DEVICE TRANSISTOR MAKE FROM SILICON & GERANIUM SEMI CONDUCTOR MATERIAL FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR F.E.T HAS THREE TERMINALS THESE TERMINAL KNOWN AS GATE,DRAIN & SOURCE. F.E.T IS UNI POLAR TRANSISTOR UNI JUNCTION TRANSISTOR UJT HAS THREE TERMINALS THESE TERMINAL KNOWN AS BASE 1, BASE 2 & EMITTER U.J.T IS UNI POLAR TRANSISTOR SILICON CONTROLLED RACTIFIER S.C.R HAS THREE TERMINALS THESE TERMINAL KNOWN AS ANODE, CATHODE & GATE S.C.R IS UNI POLAR TRANSISTOR. WORKING OF TRANSISTOR PNP & NPN TRANSISTOR HAS TWO JUNCTION, EMITTER BASE JUNCTION & COLLECTOR BASE JUNCTION F.E.T,S.C.R,U.J.T HAS ONE JUNCTION CURRENT FLOW IN FROM ONE JUNCTION & DIRECTION APPLICATION OF TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIER SWITCH CONTROLLED PROCESS INTEFRATED CIRCUIT MAKE BY MICRO PROCESS USING CKT PHOTOGRAPH. IT IS A FULL CKT MAKE FOR CERTAIN FUNCTION. IT’S FUNCTION & PIN CONNECTION KNOWN BY I.C. NUMBER. I.C HAS THREE OR MORE TERMINALS. FOR FIRST PIN CALCULATION THERE IS MARKING ON I,.C. CONSTRUCTION OF I.C MANY TRANSISTOR, DIODE,REGISTOR & CAPACITOR INTEGRATE IN I.C. I.C MADE BY SEMI CONDUCTOR MATERIAL LIKE SILICON & GERMENIUM. MADE BY L.S.I,M.S.I,V.L.S.I. TECHNOLOGY TYPES OF I.C. LINEAR I.C. DIGITAL I.C. LINEAR I.C. USE FOR AMPLIFIER MODULATOR & VOLTAGE REGULATOR. IT IS BI POLAR MONOLITHYC OR UNI POLAR MONOLITHYC. DIGITAL I.C. USE FOR MEMORY,LOGIC, FREQUENCY DIVIDER, INVERTOR,COUNTER, DECODER, ADDER,GATE, DATA SELECTION, DISTRIBUTORS. TESTING & FAULT FINDING OF I.C. DIFFERENT I.C. NUMBER CHECKERS USE FOR I.C. CHECKING. APPLY BY VOLTAGE OR GIVING SIGNAL WE KNOW I.C’S FAULT. CAPACITOR CONSTRUCTION WORKING TYPES APPLICATION CONSTRUCTION CAPACITOR IS MADE UP BY PUTTING INSULATOR BETWEEN TWO CONDUCTOR PLATE . CAPACITOR MEASURE IN MICROFERADAY(M.F.D),NENOFERADAY (N.F.D.),PICCOFERADAY (P.F.D) UNIT. IT’S CAPACITY OF PRESSURE MEASURE IN VOLTAGE.IT’S KNOWN AS WORKING VOLTAGE (W.V) VALUE & W.V PRINT ON IT’S BODY. WORKING WHEN WE APPLY VOLTAGE TO CAPACITOR ITS STORE THE VOLATAGE IT MEANS CAPACITOR CHARGING AFTER SOME TIME THIS VOLAGE DROP DOWN IT MEANS CAPACITOR DISCHARGING. CAPACITOR MAIN FUNCTION IS TO STORE ELECTRICAL ENERGY. TYPES POLYESTER & PAPER CAPACITOR CERAMIC & MICA CAPACITOR ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR TRIMMER CAPACITOR GANG CAPACITOR APPLICATION AS FILTER AS COUPLING OR BLOCKING AS BAND PASS AS BY PASS AS TUNNING TRANSFORMER CONSTRUCTION WORKING TYPES APPLICATION CONSTRUCTION MAKE BYONE OR MORE COIL WINDING ON THE CORE. ONE COIL IS WINDING ON CORE KNOWN AS PRIMARY COIL OTHER IS WINDING ON CORE KWON AS SECONDARY COIL VOLTAGE & SIGNAL APPLY ON PRIMARY COIL VOLTAGE & SIGNAL GET ON SECONDARY COIL WORKING TRANSFORMER INDUCE AC VOLTAGE OR SIGNAL INTO SECONDARY COIL FROM PRIMARY COIL BY ITS CORE THIS PROCESS KNOWN AS MUTUAL INDCTANCE PRINCIPALE. TYPES AS PER CORE 3 TYPES OF TRANSFORMER AIR CORE TRANSFORMER IRON DUST CORE TRANSFORMER LAMINATION CORE TRANSFORMER AS PER FREQUENCY 3 TYPES OF TRANSFORMER POWER SUPPLY TRANSFORMER (50 C/S) AUDIO FREQ. TRANSFORMER (20C/S TO 20 KC/S) RADIO FREQ. TRANSFORMER (20KC/S TO ABOVE) APPLICATION USE FOR A.C. VOLTAGE UP & DOWN USE FOR D.C. VOLTAGE FILTER USE IN T.V/RADIO/TAPE ETC. USE IN INDUSTRIAL MACHINES. USE IN ELECTRICAL POWER STATION. SOLDERING CONSTRUCTION WORKING TYPES APPLICATION CONSTRUCTION SOLDERING IRON BIT BODY COIL HANDLE MAINSCORD SOLDERING WIRE MIXTURE OF TIN & LEAD ALLOYS MAKE BY RATIO OF 60:40,40:60,50:50 RATIO OF 60:40 IS BEST FOR SOLDERING. WORKING WHEN APPLY VOLTAGE TO SOLDERING IRON FIRST IT’S COIL HEAT. SECOND IT’S BODY HEAT. THIRD IT’S BIT HEAT. THIS PROCESS COMPLETE WITHIN 2 MINUTES. AFTER THIS YOUR SOLDER IRON IS READY TO SOLDERING PROCESS. TYPES SOLDERING IRON IT IS AVAILABLE IN DIFFERENT WATT CAPACITY. 5W,10W,15W,25W,35W,125W,250W ETC. 25-35W CAPACITY IS BEST FOR SOLDERING. APPLICATION SOLDERING FOR WIRES SOLDERING FOR WIRES JOINTS. SOLDERING FOR ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS ON P.C.B. DESOLDERING FOR DESOLDERING TWO METHODS USE BY DESOLDER PUMP BY DESOLDER WIRE WORKING TO REMOVE THE COMPONENTS & WIRES FROM P.C.B. ABOVE TWO METHODS USE. PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD (P.C.B) CONSTRUCTION WORKING TYPES APPLICATION CONSTRUCTION MAKE BY USE OF FIBRE ,GLASS & BACKELITE SHEET. THE PRINT OF CIRCUIT DESIGN ON THIS SHEET. THESE SHEETS HAS TWO SIDES. ONE IS COPPER SIDE & OTHER IS BLANK. THE CKT PRINT ON COPPER SIDE . WORKING TO CONNECT ELECTRONIC COMPONENT IN A PROPER WAY P.C.B.USE COMPLICATED CKT MAKE EASY BY USE OF P.C.B. TYPES ONE COPPER LAYER TWO COPPER LAYER THREE COPPER LAYER ETC. ONE SIDE PRINT TWO SIDE PRINT APPLICATION PRINT THE CIRCUIT AS PER DESIGN SOLDERING ELECTRONING COMPONENTS &WIRE IN A PROPER METHOD HIGH EFFICIENCY & LONG LIFE OF COMPONENTS & MC’S IN ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENTS & MACHINES. OHM’S LAW AT THE CONSTANT TEMPERATURE THE CURRENT FLOW FROM ANY CKT. IS EQUAL TO VOLTAGE & PROPTIONAL TO RESISTANCE. IN EQUATION I =V/R WHERE V=VOLTAGE, I=CURRENT, R=RESISTANCE. BY USE OF THIS LAW YOU CAN FIND VOLTAGE,CURRENT & RESISTANCE OF ANY CKT. RESISTOR SERIES CIRCUIT CONSTRUCTION WORKING APPLICATION CONSTRUCTION ONE OR MORE RESISTOR CONNECT IN SERIES CALL RESISTOR SERIES CIRCUIT. FIRST RESISTOR’S END CONNECT WITH SECOND RESISTOR START,SECOND RESISTOR’S END CONNECT WITH THIRD RESISTORS START….. WORKING IN SERIES RESI. CKT. TOTAL RESISTANCE IS EQUAL TO PLUS OF ALL RESISTORS RESISTANCE. RT = R1+R2+R3….. IN SERIES CKT RESISTANCE INCREASE. IN SERIES CKT SAME CURRENT FLOW FROM EACH RESISTOR. THE TOTAL CURRENT OF SERIES CKT. IS IT = I1=I2=I3…… IN SERIES CKT DIFFERENT VOLTAGE GET FROM EACH RESISTOR THE TOTAL VOLTAGE OF SERIES CKT IS VT= V1+V2+V3…. APPLICATION SERIES CKT USE FOR CURRENT CONTROLLING WHERE YOU WANT RESISTANCE HIGH & CURRENT LOW THIS CKT IS USE. RESISTOR PARALLAL CIRCUIT CONSTRUCTION WORKING APPLICATION CONSTRUCTION ONE OR MORE RESISTOR CONNECT IN PARALLAL CALL RESISTOR PARALLAL CIRCUIT. ALL RESISTORS START TERMINAL CONNECT TOGATHER & END TERMINAL CONNECT TOGATHER IN RESISTOR PARALLAL CIRCUIT. WORKING IN PARALLAL RESI. CKT. TOTAL RESISTANCE IS EQUAL TO PLUS OF ALL PURPOSNAL RESISTANCE. RT = 1/R1+1/R2+1/R3….. IN PARALLAL CKT RESISTANCE DECREASE. IN PARALLAL CKT DIFFERENT FLOW FROM EACH RESISTOR. THE TOTAL CURRENT OF PARALLAL CKT. IS IT = I1+I2+I3…… IN PARALLAL CKT SAME VOLTAGE GET FROM EACH RESISTOR THE TOTAL VOLTAGE OF PARALLAL CKT IS VT= V1=V2=V3…. APPLICATION PARALLAL CKT USE FOR CURRENT CONTROLLING WHERE YOU WANT RESISTANCE LOW & CURRENT HIGH THIS CKT IS USE MULTIMETER CONSTRUCTION TYPES WORKING APPLICATION CONSTRUCTION BATTERY - 9V D.C. PROBE – 02 NO. RED PROBE (+),& BLACK PROBE (-). ROTORY SWITCH ON/OFF SWITCH DISPLAY A.C./D.C. SELECTION SWITCH TYPES ANALOGE MULTIMETER DIGITAL MULTIMETER WORKING FIRST PUT RED PROBE(+) IN V/ /I TERMINAL. PUT BLACK PROBE (-) IN COMMON OR NEGATIVE TERMINAL. SHORT RED & BLACK PROBE AMD ADJUST ZERO. FOR MEASURE PUT ROTORY SWITCH INTO PROPER OHM RANGE. FOR MEASURE D.C VOLT OR D.C AMP PUT A.C/D.C SWITCH ON D.C. & ROTORY SWICH IN PROPER D.C. VOLTAGE OR AMPERE. FOR MEASURE A.C VOLT OR A.C. AMP PUT A.C/D.C SWITCH ON A.C & ROTORY SWICH IN PROPER A.C VOLTAGE OR AMPERE. APPLICATION MEASURE RESISTANCE IN MEASURE D.C. VOLTAGE & AMPERE. MEASURE A.C. VOLTAGE & AMPERE. TESTING OF DIODE ,TRANSISTORS , CAPACITORS. TESTING CONTINUTY OF WIRES & P.C.B. WIRES & CABLES CONSTRUCTION TYPES WORKING APPLICATION CONSTRUCTION COMBINATION OF CONDUCTOR & INSULATOR. CONDUCTOR IS MATERIAL FROM WHICH CURRENT CAN PASS LIKE COPPER,ALLUMINIUM,GOLD, SILVER,WATER,BRASS,IRON ETC. INSULATOR IS MATERIAL FROM WHICH CURRENT CAN NOT LIKE WOOD, RUBBER, PLASTIC,LEATHER ETC. TYPES WIRES 1/18 P.V.C COPPER/ALLU. WIRE 3/20 P.V.C COPPER/ALLU. WIRE 7/20 P.V.C COPPER/ALLU. WIRE. FLEXIBLE WIRE HOOK UP WIRE MAINS CORD WIRE SOLDER WIRE SEALDED WIRE ( NEXT PAGE ) CABLES LAW TENSION CABLE BELTED CABLE H TYPE CABLE SEPRATED LEAD CABLE HSL CABLE APPLICATION USE FOR WIRING USE FOR SIGNAL PASSING USE FOR MAIN SUPPLY USE FOR SOLDERING USE FOR LAW VOLTAGE SUPPLY USE FOR HIGH VOLTAGE SUPPLY COMPUTER FUNDAMENTAL WHAT IS COMPUTER ? CONSTRUCTION TYPES WORKING APPLICATION COMPUTER IT IS ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT WHICH PROCESS LARGE AND COMPLICATED ARETHEMATIC AND LOGIC FUNCTIONS WITHIN FRACTION OF SECOND LIKE MICRO SECOND OR NENO SECOND. CONSTRUCTION COMPUTER IS COMBINATION OF HARD WARE (PHYSICAL PARTS OF COMPUTER ) LIKE C.P.U. KEY BOARD MOUSE MONITOR PRINTER MODEM & SCANNER SPEAKER,MICROPHONE &CAMERA ( NEXT PAGE ) SOFT WARE (IT IS INTERFACE BETWEEN USER AND COMPUTER ) LIKE OPERATING SYSTEM (WIN 98/WIN XP/WIN 2000/WIN VISTA) LANGUAGE ( C, C++ , JAVA, VB , ORACLE ) APPLICATION PROGRAMME ( MS OFFICE, AUTO CAD, TALLY, PHOTO SHOP ) TYPES MICRO COMPUTER ( PC,PC/XT, PC/AT, SUPER AT ) MINI COMPUTER MAIN FRAME COMPUTER SUPER COMPUTER WORKING COMPUTER DISTRIBUTE IN FOUR PARTS INPUT (KEY BOARD, MOUSE, CAMERA, SCANNER ) C.P.U.( MOTHER BOARD, F.D.D, H.D.D,C.D.D ) MEMORY ( RAM, ROM ) OUT PUT ( MONITOR, PRINTER ) STORAGE UNIT OUTPUT UNIT CONTROL UNIT ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT PROGRAMME & DATA RESULT INPUT UNIT APPLICATION MINI COMPUTER USE IN UNIVERCITIES, RESEARCH ORG & GOVERN. SECTORS. MAIN FRAME COMPUTERS USE IN INDUSTORIES, BANKS, AIRLINES ETC. SUPER COMPUTERS USE IN RESEARCH AND PROGRESS, AERO DYNAMICS, MASSIVE DATA PROCESSING APPLICATION, SYSMOLOGY, NUCLEAR AND PLASMA PHYSICS & SPACE RESEARCH ORGANISATIONS.