Scheme and Syllabus MASTER OF ENGINEERING IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING (POWER SYSTEMS) UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY PANJAB UNIVERSITY, CHANDIGARH (2012-13) MASTER OF ENGINEERING (ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING) POWER SYSTEMS SPECIALIZATION W.E.F. 2012-13 Scheme for Examination FIRST SEMESTER Course No. EE-8101 EE-8102 EE-8103 EE-8104 EE-8105 EE-8151 Title Teaching Schedule Hrs/week System 4 4 4 4 4 3 23 Examination(Marks) Internal External 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 300 50 50 50 50 250 Total 100 100 100 100 100 50 550 Credits Advanced Power Analysis Power System Operation And Control Optimization Techniques Digital Control Systems Power Quality Simulation Lab-I Total 4 4 4 4 4 2 22 SECOND SEMESTER Course No. EE-8201 EE-8202 EE-8203 Title Teaching Schedule Hrs/week Power Systems Dynamics 4 and Stability EHVAC Transmission 4 Advanced Neural Networks 4 and Fuzzy Logic 4 Elective I EE-8204 Advanced Power Electronic and Drives EE-8205 Advanced Electrical Machines EE-8206 Applied Instrumentation 4 Elective II EE-8207Advanced Power System Protection EE-8208Fast Transients in Power Systems Simulation Lab-II Research Seminar Total 3 2 25 Examination(Marks) Internal 50 50 50 50 External 50 50 50 50 Total 100 100 100 100 Credits 4 4 4 4 50 50 100 4 EE-8251 EE-8252 50 50 350 250 50 50 600 2 2 24 THIRD SEMESTER Course No. Title Teaching Schedule Hrs/week 4 Examination(Marks) Internal 50 External 50 Total 100 Credits Elective III EE-8301 Power System Deregulation EE-8302 Power System Reliability Elective IV EE-8303 HVDC Transmission EE8304 Flexible AC transmission Systems (FACTS) EE-8351 Dissertation Preliminary Seminar-I on Dissertation Preliminary Total 4 4 50 50 100 4 18 100 --100 ----100 100 --200 12 --20 26 FOURTH SEMESTER Course No. EE-8451 Title Teaching Schedule Hrs/week 20 -20 Examination(Marks) Internal ----External ----Total ----Credits Dissertation Seminar-II on Dissertation Total 14 --14 Note: 1. Duration of end semester examination in each theory course is three hours. 2. The examination in the subject of Dissertation is to be conducted jointly by two examiners, one of which will be the dissertation supervisor, and the other, an external examiner. EE-8101 Advanced Power System Analysis LTP 400 External: 50 Sessional: 50 Credits: 4 Note: Examiner shall set eight questions covering entire syllabus. Candidate will be required to attempt any five questions. Load Flow - Network modeling – Conditioning of Y Matrix – Load flow-Newton Raphson methodDecoupled – Fast decoupled Load flow -three-phase load flow. DC power flow –Single phase and three phase -AC-DC load flow - DC system model – Sequential Solution Techniques – Extension to Multiple and Multi-terminal DC systems – DC convergence tolerance – Test System and results. Fault Studies -Analysis of balanced and unbalanced three phase faults – fault calculations – Short circuit faults – open circuit faults. System optimization - strategy for two generator systems – generalized strategies – effect of transmission losses - Sensitivity of the objective function- Formulation of optimal power flowsolution by Gradient method-Newton’s method. State Estimation – method of least squares – statistics – errors – estimates – test for bad data – structure and formation of Hessian matrix – power system state estimation. Recommended Books: 1. Grainger, J.J. and Stevenson, W.D.,“Power System Analysis”, Tata McGraw hill, New Delhi, 2003. 2. Arrillaga, J and Arnold, C.P., “Computer analysis of power systems” John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1997. 3. Pai, M.A., “Computer Techniques in Power System Analysis”, Tata McGraw hill, New Delhi, 2006. EE-8102 Power System Operation and Control LTP 400 External: 50 Sessional: 50 Credits: 4 Note: Examiner shall set eight questions covering entire syllabus. Candidate will be required to attempt any five questions. Economic operation- Load forecasting - Unit commitment – Economic dispatch problem of thermal units – Gradient method- Newton’s method –Base point and participation factor method. Hydro-thermal co-ordination-Hydroelectric plant models –short term hydrothermal scheduling problem - gradient approach – Hydro units in series - pumped storage hydro plants-hydro-scheduling using Dynamic programming and linear programming. Automatic generation control -Review of LFC and Economic Dispatch control (EDC) using the three modes of control viz. Flat frequency – tie-line control and tie-line bias control – AGC implementation – AGC features - static and dynamic response of controlled two area system MVAR control - Application of voltage regulator – synchronous condenser – transformer taps – static VAR compensators Power system security-Contingency analysis – linear sensitivity factors – AC power flow methods – contingency selection – concentric relaxation – bounding-security constrained optimal power flowInterior point algorithm-Bus incremental costs. Recommended Books: 1. Allen J.Wood and Wollenberg B.F., “Power Generation Operation and control”, John Wiley & Sons, Second Edition,1996. 2. Kirchmayer L.K., “Economic Control of Interconnected Systems”, John Wiley & Sons, 1959. 3. Nagrath, I.J. and Kothari D.P., “Modern Power System Analysis”, TMH, New Delhi, 2006. EE-8103 Optimization Techniques LTP 400 External: 50 Sessional: 50 Credits: 4 Note: Examiner shall set eight questions covering entire syllabus. Candidate will be required to attempt any five questions. 1. Introduction to Optimization: Statement of an optimization problem, Classification of optimization problems, Optimization techniques, Engg. applications of optimization. 2. Classical Optimization Techniques: Single variable optimization, Multivariable optimization with no constraints, Multivariable optimization with equality constraints, Multivariable optimization with in equality constraints. 3. Linear Programming : Standard form of linear programming ,Graphical solution, Simplex method, Twophase simplex method, Computer implementation of the simplex method, Duality theory. 4. Transportation Problem: North-West Corner rule, Least cost method, Vogel approximation method, testing for optimality. 5. Non-Linear Programming: One–dimensional minimization methods: Unimodal function, Dichotomous search, Fibonacci search, Quadratic interpolation method, Cubic interpolation method . 6. Non-Linear Programming-Unconstrained Optimization Techniques: Random search method, Steepest descent method, Conjugate gradient method, Variable metric method. 7. Non-Linear Programming - Constrained Optimization Techniques: Interior Penalty function method, Exterior penalty function method. 8. Further Topics in Optimization: Critical path method (CPM), Program evaluation and review technique (PERT). Recommended Books: 1. S.S. Rao,Optimization : Theory and applications, Wiley Eastern Ltd. 2. G.V. Reklaitis, Engg. optimization Methods & applications, Wiley. EE-8104 Digital Control Systems LTP 400 External: 50 Sessional: 50 Credits: 4 Note: Examiner shall set eight questions covering entire syllabus. Candidate will be required to attempt any five questions. 1. Signal Processing in Digital Control Digital control, Configuration of the basic Digital control scheme, Principles of signal conversion, Basic Discrete-Time signals, Time-Domain Models for Discrete – Time Systems, Transfer function Model, Stability in the Z-Plane & Jury stability criterion, Sampling as impulse modulation, Sampled spectra & Aliasing, Filtering, Practical aspects of the choice of sampling rate, Principles of Discretization, The Routh stability Criterion on the r – Plane. 2. Models of Digital Control Devices & Systems Z – Domain, Description of Sampled continuous – Time Plants, Z- Domain Description of Systems with Dead Time, Implementation of Digital Controllers, Digital temperature Control System, Digital Position Control System, Stepper motors & their control. 3. Design of Digital Control Algorithms Z-Plane specifications of control system design, Digital Compensator Design using frequency response plots, Digital Compensator design using root locus plots, z – Plane Synthesis. 4. Control System Analysis using state Variable Methods State Variable representation, Conversion of state Variable models to Transfer functions, Conversion of Transfer functions to Canonical state Variable models, Eigen values & Eigen Vectors, Solution of state equations, Concepts of Controllability & Observability, Equivalence between transfer function & State Variable Representation, Multivariable systems. 5. State Variable Analysis of Digital Control Systems:- State descriptions of Digitals Processors, State description of Sampled continuous – Time Plants, State description of Systems with dead Time, Solution of state differential equations, Controllability & Observability, Multivariable Systems. Recommended Books a) Raven F.H., Automatic Control Engg. , McGraw Hill Book Company. b) Shinners S.M. Modern Control System Theory & Design, John Wiley & Sons. c) Kuo B.C., Automatic Control System, Prentice Hall. d) Ogata K., Modern Control Engineering, Prentice Hall. e) Nagrath I.J., & M. Gopal, Control Systems Engg. John Wiley & Sons. f) Ogata K., Dicrete Time Control Systems, Prentice Hall. g) Related IEEE/IEE Publication. EE-8105 Power Quality LTP 400 External: 50 Sessional: 50 Credits: 4 Note: Examiner shall set eight questions covering entire syllabus. Candidate will be required to attempt any five questions. Electric power quality phenomena- IEC and IEEE definitions – power quality disturbancesvoltage fluctuations-transients-unbalance-waveform distortion-power frequency variations.Voltage variations, Voltage sags and short interruptions – flicker-longer duration variations – sources – range and impact on sensitive circuits-standards – solutions and mitigations – equipment and techniques. Transients – origin and classifications – capacitor switching transient – lightning-load switching – impact on users – protection – mitigation. Harmonics – sources – definitions & standards – impacts – calculation and simulation – harmonic power flow – mitigation and control techniques – filtering – passive and active. Power Quality conditioners – shunt and series compensators-Dstatcom-Dynamic voltage restorer-unified power quality conditioners-case studies. Recommended Books: 1 Heydt, G.T., “Electric Power Quality”, Stars in a Circle Publications, Indiana,2 nd edition 1994. 2 Bollen, M.H.J., “Understanding Power Quality Problems: Voltage sags and interruptions”, IEEE Press, New York, 2000. 3 Arrillaga, J, Watson, N.R., Chen, S., “Power System Quality Assessment”, Wiley, New York, 2000. EE-8151 SIMULATION LAB-I LTP 003 Marks: 50 Credits: 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Economic Load Dispatch with thermal power plants. Economic Load Dispatch with Hydro thermal power plants. Simulation of FACT controllers Simulation of single -area and Two -area Systems. Load forecasting and unit commitment. EE-8201 Power Systems Dynamics and Stability LTP 400 External: 50 Sessional: 50 Credits: 4 Note: Examiner shall set eight questions covering entire syllabus. Candidate will be required to attempt any five questions. 1. Power system stability considerations – definitions-classification of stability-rotor angle and voltage stability-synchronous machine representation –classical model-load modeling concepts-modeling of excitation systems-modeling of prime movers. Transient stability-swing equation-equal area criterion-solution of swing equationNumerical methods -Euler method-Runge-Kutte method-critical clearing time and angle-effect of excitation system and governors-Multimachine stability –extended equal area criterion-transient energy function approach. Small signal stability – state space representation – eigen values- modal matricessmall signal stability of single machine infinite bus system – synchronous machine classical model representation-effect of field circuit dynamics-effect of excitation system-small signal stability of multimachine system. Voltage stability – generation aspects - transmission system aspects – load aspects – PV curve – QV curve – PQ curve – analysis with static loads – loadability limit sensitivity analysis-continuation power flow analysis - instability mechanismsexamples. 2. 3. 4. Recommended Books: 1 Kundur P., “Power System Stability and Control”, McGraw-Hill International Editions, 1994. 2. Anderson P.M. and Fouad A.A., “Power System Control and Stability”, Galgotia Publications, New Delhi, 2003. EE-8202 EHV AC Transmission LTP 400 External: 50 Sessional: 50 Credits: 4 Note: Examiner shall set eight questions covering entire syllabus. Candidate will be required to attempt any five questions. 1. Introduction: Role of EHV AC Transmission, standard transmission voltages, average value of line parameters, power handling capacity. Line parameters Properties of bundled conductors, resistance, induction and capacitance of bundled conductor lines, temperature rise of conductors and current carrying capacity. Voltage gradients on conductors: Charge potential relations for multi-conductor lines, surface voltage gradient on conductors, distribution of voltage gradient on sub conductors of bundle. Corona Effects: Corona loss, attenuation of traveling waves, audible noise, limits for audible noise, AN measurement and meters, Day night equivalent noise level, limits for radio interference fields, RI excitation function, measurements of RI, RIV, Excitation function. Switching Over voltages: Origin of over voltages and their types, over voltages due to interruption of low inductive current and interruption of capacitive currents, Reduction of switching surges on EHV systems. Power frequency over voltages: Problems at power frequency, no-load voltage conditions and charging current, voltage control using synchronous condensers, sub synchronous resonance in series-capacitor compensated lines, state reactive compensating schemes. Operational aspects of Power flow: Line loadability, effects of over load, reactive power limitations and over voltage problem. 2. 3. 4. 5. Recommended Books: 1. 2. 3. Begamudre, “EHV AC Transmission engineering”, Wiley Easter Ltd. 2 nd Ed. Edison Electric Institute, “EHV transmission reference book”, GE Corp. Rudenberg, “Transient performance of electric power systems”, Tata McGraw Hill, Latest edition. EE-8203 Advanced Neural Networks & Fuzzy Logics LTP 400 External: 50 Sessional: 50 Credits: 4 Note: Examiner shall set eight questions covering entire syllabus. Candidate will be required to attempt any five questions. 1. Neural networks characteristics, History of development in neural networks principles, artificial neural net terminology , Model of a neuron, Topology, Learning, types of learning, Supervised, Unsupervised, Re-enforcement learning. Knowledge representation and acquisition. 2. Basic Hopfield model, Basic learning laws, Unsupervised learning, Competitive learning, K-means clustering algorithm, Kohonen’s feature maps. 3. Radial basis function neural networks, Basic learning laws in RBF nets, Recurrent back propagation, Introduction to counter propagation networks, CMAC network and ART networks. 4. Application of neural nets such as pattern recognition, load forecasting, Optimization, Associative memories, speech and decision-making. 5. Fuzzy Logic: Basic concepts of fuzzy logic, Fuzzy vs. Crisp set, Linguistic variable, Membership functions, Operations of fuzzy sets, Fuzzy IF-THEN rules, Various inference techniques, De-Fuzzification, Basic fuzzy inference system, Fuzzy system design, Industrial applications. 6. ANFIS (Adaptive neuro Fuzzy system): Introduction, architecture, neuro-fuzzy applications. Recommended Books: 1. Neural Networks-by Simon Haykin 2. Fuzzy logic with engineering application-by Ross J.T(Wiley) 3. Principles of Soft Computing, S.N. Sivanandam and S.N. Deepa Wiley-India. 4. Introduction to artificial neural systems-by J.M. Zurada.(Jaico Pub) 5. Fuzzy Neural Control-by Junhong NIE& Derek Linkers(PHI) 6. Related IEEE/IEE Publications. EE-8204 Advanced Power Electronics and Drives LTP 400 External: 50 Sessional: 50 Credits: 4 Note: Examiner shall set eight questions covering entire syllabus. Candidate will be required to attempt any five questions. 1. Power Semiconductor Diodes: Diode V -I Characteristics, Reverse Recovery Characteristics, Power Diodes Types, Forward and Reverse Recovery Time. Series & Parallel Connected Diodes. 2. Thyristor: V -I Characteristics, Turn ON & Turn OFF Characteristics, di/dt and dv/dt protection, Series and Parallel Operation of Thyristors, Thyristor firing circuits, UJT and PUJT, Thyristor commutation Techniques. 3. Power Transistors: Bipolar Junction Transistors, their steady State & Switching Characteristics, Power MOSFET'S and their steady state & switching characteristics, Gate drive SIT’s & IGBTS's, Series & Parallel Operation, di/dt and dv/dt limitations, 4. Controlled Rectifiers: Single Phase & Three Phase full Converters with R-L load, Single phase & three phase dual converters, Power factor improvement technique. 5.A.C. Voltage Controllers: Principle of phase control, Single phase and three phase full controllers, Cycloconvertor, A.C. voltage Controllers with PWM Control, Effects of source & Load Inductances. 6. D.C. Choppers: Chopper Classification, Thyristor Chopper Circuits, Chopper Circuit Design. 7. PWM Inverters: Principle of Operation, Performance parameters, single phase bridge invertors and their voltage Control, Harmonic Reduction, Inverter Circuit Design. Recommended Books:1. M.H. Rashid , Power Electronics Circuits Devices Application, PHI, 1994. 2. P. C. Sen, Power Electronics, TMH 1987. 3. P S . Bimbhra, Power Electronics, Khanna Publishers 1993. 4. Cyril W Lander ,Power Electronics, MHL , 1993. 5. M.D. Singh & K.B. Khanchandani, Power Electronics, TMH, 1998. 6. Related IEEE/IEE Publication. EE-8205 Modeling and Analysis of Electrical Machines LTP 400 External: 50 Sessional: 50 Credits: 4 Note: Examiner shall set eight questions covering entire syllabus. Candidate will be required to attempt any five questions. Principles of Electromagnetic Energy Conversion, General expression of stored magnetic energy, co-energy and force/torque, example using single and doubly excited system. Basic Concepts of Rotating Machines-Calculation of air gap mmf and per phase machine inductance using physical machine data; Voltage and torque equation of dc machine. Three phase symmetrical induction machine and salient pole synchronous machines in phase variable form; Application of reference frame theory to three phase symmetrical induction and synchronous machines, dynamic direct and quadrature axis model in arbitrarily rotating reference frames Determination of Synchronous Machine Dynamic Equivalent Circuit Parameters, Analysis and dynamic modeling of two phase asymmetrical induction machine and single phase induction machine. Special Machines - Permanent magnet synchronous machine: Surface permanent magnet (square and sinusoidal back emf type) and interior permanent magnet machines. Construction and operating principle, dynamic modeling and self controlled operation; Analysis of Switch Reluctance Motors. Recommended Books 1. Charles Kingsley,Jr., A.E. Fitzgerald, Stephen D.Umans, “Electric Machinery”, Tata Mcgraw Hill,6th Edition, 2003. 2. R. Krishnan, “Electric Motor & Drives: Modeling, Analysis and Control”, Prentice Hall of India, 2001. 3. Miller, T.J.E. “Brushless permanent magnet and reluctance motor drives”, Clarendon EE-8206 Applied Instrumentation LTP 400 External: 50 Sessional: 50 Credits: 4 Note: Examiner shall set eight questions covering entire syllabus. Candidate will be required to attempt any five questions. 1. Transducers, Classification of Transducers, including analog and digital transducers, Selection of Transducers Static and Dynamic response of transducer System. 2. Measurement of length & thickness, linear Displacement, Angular displacement, force, weight, torque, Moisture, Level, Flow, pH & Thermal Conductivity, Measurement of Frequency Proportional, Geiger muller & Scintillation Counters. 3. Telemetry: Basic Principles, Proximity & remote Action Telemetry systems, Multiplexing, Time Division and frequency division. 4. Various types of Display Device, Digital Voltmeters, Dual Slope DVMS, Digital encoders, Analog and Digital encoders, Analog and Digital Data Acquisition System, A/D Converter. 5. Fibre Optic Technology for data transmission, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Systems (SCADA), Q-meter. 6. Electrical noise in control signals, its remedial measures. Recommended Books 1. W.D. Coopper & A.D. Helfrick, Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques, PHI. 2. B.C. Nakra and K.K. Choudhary, Instrumentation Measurement Analysis, Tata McGrawHill. 3. Instrument Transducers by Hermann, K.P. Neubert. 4. Electrical Transducers for Industrial Measurement by pH Mansfield. 5. Instrumentation systems by Mani Sharma, Rangan. 6. Principles & Methods of Telemetry by Borden & & Thagnel. 7. Telemetry Method by Foster. 8. Related IEEE/IEE Publications. EE-8207 Advanced Power System Protection LTP 400 External: 50 Sessional: 50 Credits: 4 Note: Examiner shall set eight questions covering entire syllabus. Candidate will be required to attempt any five questions. Fundamentals: Types of relays, their classifications and theory Phase and amplitude comparators. Static Comparators Computer Applications to protective relaying. Transmission Line Protection: Carrier Current Protection. Applications of microwave Channels for protective relaying, Selection of suitable static relaying, scheme for transmission line protection. Performance specifications of distance relays, effect of fault resistance and effects of power swings on operation of relays. Distance relay settings. Requirement of Characteristic for different zeros. Selection of suitable static relaying schemes for transmission lines. Generators and Transformers Protection: CT's and PTs burden and accuracy and their connections. Protection of rotor winding. miscellaneous protection schemes for generators and transformers, Overfluxing protection of transformers. Differential Relays: Operating Characteristics, Restraining Characteristics, Analysis of Electromagnetic and differential Static relays schemes. Bus zone Protection: Types of bus bar faults, Protection requirements, protection schemes and modern trend in bus-bar protection. Circuit Breakers: Physical stress in circuit breakers, Vacuum circuit breakers, SF6 Circuit breakers Direct current C.B's, Short circuit testing of circuit breakers. Comparison of different types of circuit breakers. Recommended Books: 1. T.S. Madhava Rao, Power System Protection (Static Relays), Tata McGraw-Hill, 1989. 2. A.R. Van C. Warrington, Protective Relays, Chapman and Hall London, 1968. 3. S.K. Basu and S. Chaudhary, Power System Protection, Raju Primlan Oxford and IBH Press 1983. 4. Ravindra Nath M. Chander, Power System Protection and Switch Gear, John Wiley Eastern 1989. 5. Sunil S. Rao, Power System Protection and Switch Gear, Khanna Publishers 1989. 6. Related IEEE/IEE Publications. EE-8208 Fast Transients in Power Systems LTP 400 External: 50 Sessional: 50 Credits: 4 Note: Examiner shall set eight questions covering entire syllabus. Candidate will be required to attempt any five questions. 1. Origin and nature of power system Transients, Traveling waves on transmission system. The line equation. The shape attenuation and distortion of waves, reflection of traveling waves, Successive reflections, Traveling waves on multi-conductor systems, Transition points on multi conductor circuits. 2. Lightning : Change formation, Mechanism of lighting stroke, Mathematical model of lightning stroke. 3. Theory of Ground Wires : Direct Stoke to a tower, Effect of reflection up and down the tower, The counterpoise. 4. Switching Surges : Normal frequency effects, High charging currents, cancellation waves, Recovery voltage, Restricting phenomena. 5. Protection of transmission systems against surge. 6. High frequency oscillations and terminal transients of transformer. 7. Insulation co-ordination. References: 1. L.V. Bewley, “Traveling waves on transmission systems”, Power Publication Inc, New York, 1963. 2. R. Rudenterg, “Electric Stroke waves in Power Systems”, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1968. 3. Allan GreenWood, “Electrical Transients in Power Systems”, Wiley Interscience, 1971. 4. Surge Protection in Power Systems. IEEE Publication, 79 EHD 144-46 PWR. 5. Regaller K., “Surges in High Voltage Networks”, Plenum Press, 1980. 6. Related IEEE/IEE Publications. EE-8251 Simulation Lab-II LTP 003 Marks: 50 Credits: 2 1. Introduction to MATLAB Programming. 2. Simulink Modeling using PowerSIM. 3. Case studies using Neural Network/ Fuzzy Logic/GA/PSO toolboxes 4. Simulation of Power Electronics controllers. 5. Optimization studies using GAMS/EUROSTAG 6. Case Studies using power system software EE-8301 Power System Deregulation LTP 400 External: 50 Sessional: 50 Credits: 4 Note: Examiner shall set eight questions covering entire syllabus. Candidate will be required to attempt any five questions. Introduction to Power System Deregulation Market Models Pool & Bilateral International Experiences. Role of ISO, Market Power, Bidding and Auction Mechanisms. Transmission Open Access. Transmission Pricing. Impact of Congestion and Congestion Management. ATC and Factor affecting ATC. Determination of ATC. Ancillary Services and their management. Electricity Bill 2003 and its impact on ESI in India. Electricity price volatility electricity price indexes – challenges to electricity pricing – construction of forward price curves – short-time price forecasting- power system operation in competitive environment- introduction – operational planning activities of ISO- the ISO in pool markets – the ISO in bilateral markets – operational planning activities of a GENCOancillary services management- introduction – reactive power as an ancillary service – a review – synchronous generators as ancillary service providers. Recommended Books: 1. Kankar Bhattacharya, Math H.J. Boller, Jaap E.Daalder, ‘Operation of Restructured Power System’ Klumer Academic Publisher – 2001 2. Mohammad Shahidehpour, and Muwaffaq alomoush, - “Restructured Electrical Power Systems” Marcel Dekker, Inc. 2001 3. Loi Lei Lai; “Power System Restructuring and Deregulation”, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., England. EE-8302 Power System Reliability LTP 400 External: 50 Sessional: 50 Credits: 4 Note: Examiner shall set eight questions covering entire syllabus. Candidate will be required to attempt any five questions. 1. Basic Reliability Concepts: The General reliability function, Hazard rate, MTTF, Markov processes. 2. Static Generating Capacity Reliability Evaluation: Capacity outage probability tables, loss of load probability method, Frequency and duration approach. 3. Spinning Generation Capacity Reliability Evaluation: Spinning capacity evaluation, Load forecast uncertainty, Derated capacity levels. 4. Transmission System Reliability Evaluation: Average interruption rate method, Frequency and duration method, Stormy and normal weather effects , The Markov process approach . 5. Composite System Reliability Evaluation Conditional probability approach, two –plant single load system. Recommended Books: 1. R. Billinton & R.N. Allan, “Reliability evaluation of Engineering Systems, Concepts and techniques ” Pittnan Books 1983. 2. R. Billinton & R.N. Allan, “Reliability evaluation of Power Systems, Pittman Books 1984. 3. C. Singh & R. Billinton, System Reliability Modelling and Evaluations, Hutchison of London 1977. 4. J. Endrenyi, Reliability Modelling in Electric Power Systems, John Wiley & Sons, NY. 1979. EE-8303 H. V. D. C. Transmission LTP 400 External: 50 Sessional: 50 Credits: 4 Note: Examiner shall set eight questions covering entire syllabus. Candidate will be required to attempt any five questions. 1. H.V.D.C. Power Flow : Merits and Demerits of H.V.D.C. over EE.H.V.A.C., Types of H.V.D.C. links. Control of H.V.D.C. links, Analysis of 3-phase bridge converter with grid control overlap angle U= 60˚ Derivation of equivalent circuit of H.V.D.C. link. Basic means of control of HVDC link, CCA, CC & CEA, Control Characteristic, combined characteristics of a converter. 2. Harmonics in H.V.D.C. operation, types of filters used for harmonic elimination. 3. Protection aspects of H.V.D.C. link. 4. Parallel operation of A.C. and D.C. systems. 5. Corona and R.I. Characteristics of H.V.D.C. link. 6. Stability aspects of synchronous and asynchronous link. Recommended Books: 1. K.R. Padiyar, HVDC Power Transmission System, Wiley Eastern Ltd., 1990 2. EE.W. Kimbark, Direct Current Transmission Vol: 1 Wiley Interscience, 1971. 3. J. Arrillage, H.V.D.C Transmission, Peter Peregrines, 1983. 4. J. Arrillage, HVDC et. Al, Computer Modelling of Electrical Power System. John Wiley 1993. 5. S. Rao, EHV-AC and transmission Engineering practice, Khanna publishers, 1990. 6. Related IEEE/IEE publications. EE- 8304 Flexible AC transmission Systems (FACTS) LTP 400 External: 50 Sessional: 50 Credits: 4 Note: Examiner shall set eight questions covering entire syllabus. Candidate will be required to attempt any five questions. Reactive Power Control in Electric Transmission Systems, Loading Capability and Stability Considerations. Introduction to FACTS, related concepts and system requirements. Principles of operation, control schemes and the characteristics of shunt compensation, FACTS devices like statcom, SMES; series compensators like CSE, TCSC, SSSC, combined compensators (UPFC) and phase shifters devices such as SPS, TCPAR. Application considerations of FACT devices. Recommended Books: 1. 2. 3. 4. Understanding FACTS: N.G Hingorani, J Gyugi (JEEE Press). Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS), Y.H.Song (JEEE Series). Thyristor Based FACTS Controller for Electric Transmission Systems-R Mathur & P.K Verma, IEEE Press (Wiley) Reactive Power Control in Power Systems, TSE Miller