इंटरनेटमानक Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public. “जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार” “प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ” “The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New” Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan Jawaharlal Nehru IS 1599 (2012): Metallic Materials - Bend Test [MTD 3: Mechanical Testing of Metals] “!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण” Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda “Invent a New India Using Knowledge” “!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता ह” है” ह Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam “Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen” . . INDIAN STANDARDS 9 BAHADUR SHAH NEW DELHI 110002 ZAFAR MARG .163.-- 18:1599-1985 (fbpsrscdi~~g IS:1692-1974.’ January 1986 .24 0 Copyright 1986 BUREAU MANAK Gr3 OF BHAVAN.IS:3260-1965 amdIS:4598-1968) Indian Standard ( Reaffirmed 2006 ) METHOD FOR BEND TEST (Second Revision) Third Reprint FEBRUARY 1997 UDC 669 : 620. N. SOBTI ( ~kI7kdr ) National Test House. R. KULKAEWI Soar J. G. Dastur ) ( Haryana ) & Co ( P ) Ltd. CHAKBABORTY SERI H. DE ( Altnncrtr ) Fuel Instruments & Engineas Pvt Ltd. D-AI. SHRI S. Amritrar Steel Authority of India Ltd ( Durgapur Plant ). S. S. BOXDE ( Altmatr ) SHRI SUJIT Kmraa BASU Sxxar S. IC. V. SBN GWTA ( Aftma& SHRI K. Calcutta SHIKI A. HORE SRRI S. SMDC 3 chakman R~~rrzmthg The Tata Iron & Steel Co Ltd. RAOHOTHAYA RAO ( AUrrnotr ) Blue Star Limited. F. Jamshedpur SHBI S. PRABHU ( Afttmu~ ) National Physical Laboratory ( CSIR ). GEHAXI \ SRBI G. SEEI V. GARO and Production ( Air ). MAJUMDAR ( AuIIMk ) The Tata Iron and Steel Co Ltd. SHRI M. MAHE~WARY ( Altern& ) Indian Aluminium Co Ltd. Bombay SEBI B. GHOSH SHBI D. IC. K. V. BISWAS Bharat Steel Tubes Ltd. KUXAX DurgaPur ( Cbntimud onpug BUREAU I OF INDIAN ) STANDARDS This publication is protected under the Indian cwiht Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisha shall be deemed to be an h&ingement of copyright under the said Act . New Delhi . CHAKRAVARTY Manbsrs SERI R. Jamshedpur SEBI P. Durgapur Steel SRBI T. HAQUE SERI A. WALXA ( Alimats ) Ministry of Railways SERI N. S. C. Calcutta SEBI K. Calcutta Quality Marking Centre. CEEEIAN SERI PAIVKAJ DE ( Affematr ) Indian Telephone Industries Ltd. Calcutta DR A. TEWARI ( Ahnatr ) Usha Martin Industries Ltd. G. K. S. ABBOL SEBI S. N. Bangalore DR R. Canaur M. DAS GUPTA Directorate General of Technical Development SEBI K. BEATIA 1 SHBI R. NqDelhi SEBI P. K. A.Indian Standard METHOD FOR BEND TEST ( Method8 of Second Rev&km) Physical Tests Sectional Committee. Ichalkarrnji SERI S. KULKABNI ( Altmatr ) Mining & Allied Machinery Corporation Ltd. V. BASU ( Altrmatr ) Directorate General of Civil Aviation. R. C. N. New Delhi Soar S. R. GOPALAKEISHNA ( Altemutu) Aeronautical Laboratory ( CSIR ). D. SHARYA Ministry of Defence ( R&D ) SEW K. S-1 YADH~IR SINWI !~RI SERI P. K-AR ( Altmuk ) SteelB?. LAK. Durgapur Steel Authority of India Ltd (Rourkela Steel SHRI M. Rourkela SHRI N.$rity of India Ltd ( Bokaro Steel Plant ). PADXA~ABH~IN ( CSIR ). National SHBI S. C. JAIH ( Al&mate) Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute SHRI R. SEABXA ( Alterm& ) The Indian Tube Co Ltd. PEASAD Plant ). K. N. SERI K. Laboratory National Metallurgical DR V. J. SARKAB Caicutta . NANDA Ltd.Jamshedpur DR D. Jamshedpur SHBI C. S. TANEJA SHRI S. N. K. SR~IVASAN ( Altmatr ) ( CSIR ). PANDEY ( Altarnuts ) Ministry of Defence ( Ordnance Factories Board ).5HYrk~AYAX $EBI R. Calcutta K. MAZUMDAR SRRI A. RA~EAVJWDRAX. K. RADEAKRISENAX Bangalore Da V. IS1 ( Ex-o&is SFI~I JAOYOHAX SINQE Deputy Director ( Metals ). TRIPATEY ( AfWnutr ) Director Director ( Stuc & Met ) General. Bombay SEW H. SWAIUIAPPAX Indian Register of Shipping.ISrlrn-1985 ( cG7atifIludfirm pug#1) R@resmlt~g MnnbrrS Avery India Ltd. New Delhi SHIU I?. IS1 / 2 iU& ) . LUXAWAT SRRI R. A. CHAKBOBOBTY ( Altarnotr ) Associated Instrument Manufacture-’ ( India ) Pvt SERI V. SHRI D. B. SAHA New Delhi SERI S. CEAKRAVARTI ( Alfemute ) and Disposals. RAO . SERI A. Directorate General of Supplies SARI R. N. RANA RAO ( Altmat~ ) Miiirtry of Defencc ( DGI ) SHRI $. after the draft finalized by the Methods of Physical Tests Sectional Committee had been approved by the Structural and Metals Division Council. if the final value. observed or calculated.1 This standard thus supersedes the following Tndian Standards: IS : 1692-1974 Method for simple bend testing of steel sheet and strip less than 3 mm thick IS : 3260-1965 Method for bend test for copper and copper alloys IS : 4598-1968 Method for single bend test for aluminium and aluminium alloy sheet and strip of thickness between 0’2 mm and 7 mm 6. *Rules for rounding off numerical values ( rrrrisrd).Rend test’ issued by the International Organization for Standardization.2 This standard was iirst published in 1960 and was revised in 1974.4 In reporting the results of test or analysis made in accordance with this standard. 0. it shall be done in accordance with IS : 2-1960*. the Sectional Committee responsible for this standard decided to revise this standard so as to have a single Indian Standard on Method for bend test amalgamating three other Indian Standards on the subject. 0. FOREWORD 0.IS:1599-1985 lndian Standard METHOD FOR BEND TEST ( Second Revision ) 0.2. 0.1 This Indian Standard ( Second Revision ) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 28 February 1985. While reviewing this standard in the light of the work done by ISO/TC 164 ‘Mechanical Testing of Metals’ at the international level. 3 .3 This standard is based on the International Standard IS0 7438-1985 ‘Metallic materials . is to be rounded off. for which other 2.IS I1599 .1 Symbols and designations used in the bend teat are shown in Fig. standards exist. specified DESIGNATIONS 3. SYMBOLS AND a plane the two material. depending on the requirements of the standard. piece of round. In the case of 130’ bend. It applies. 21 The bend test consists of submitting a test. without changing the direction of loading. SCOPE 1.2 This standard is not applicable to certain materials for example tubes in full section or welded joints.1 This standard specifies the method of conducting bend test for determining the ability of metallic materials to undergo plastic deformation in bending. rectangular. 1 and 2 and specified in Table 1. 2.2 The axes af the two legs of the test piece remain h perpendicular to the axis of bending. 3. lie flat against each other or may be parallel at a distance. or polygonal cross section to plastic deformation by bending. PRINCIPLE ’. and/or products. 1.19S5 1. lateral surfaces may. square. to the bend test of test pieces taken from metallic products as apecilied in the relevant product standard. an insert being used to control this distance. until a specsed angle of bend is reached. TABLE 1 SYMBOLS AND DESIGNATIONS 0 (asshownin Figurer ) UNIT D~~I~~~TxoN SYMBOLS Thickness or diameter of test piece ( or diameter of the inscribed circle for pieces of polygonal cross-section ) mm Width of test piece mm Length of test pice mm Distance between supports mm Diimeter mm of mandrel Angle of bend dew-- Internal radios of bend portion piece after bending 4 of test mm . and with a V-block 4 Bending in testing supports machines or presses and a mandrel as shown in and a mandrel device with a clamp as shown in Fig. 3. 1 SIMPLE BEND 5 Taa as shown in . 1 FIG. TEST EQWMENT 4. 1. device with two b) Bending device Fig.1 The bend test shall be carried out equipped with the following devices: 4 Bending Fig. 2.IS:1599-1985 4. supports shall be rounded to a radius between 1 and 10 times the thickness of the test piece and shall be sufficiently hard ( see Fig.2 Bending Device with Supports and a Mandrel 4.1 The length of the supports and the width of the mandrel shall The diameter be greater than the width or diameter of the test piece. 3 BEND TEST BY TSSEUSE OF V-BLOCK BEND TEST THROUGH AN ANGLE OVER A SPECIFIED RADIUS’ 4.2. 6 . The test piece of the mandrel is determined by the material standard. 1 ).IS:15!99-1985 Fro. 2 Fro. 4. 4. 2 ).a ( see Fig. iti acceptable provided the resultant bend is satisfactory. 5.3.3Bending Device with a V-Bl6ck 4.2 Unless otherwise specified. and b) When the width i) 20 & 5 mm ii) Between 20 greatei than 5. the edges of which have not been rounded. burrg.4 Bending Device with a Clamp . scratches or marks are formed which might adverse@ affect the tert result. and and 50 mm for products of thickness equal to or 3 mm.2 The edges of the V-block shall be rounded to a radius between 1 and 10 times the thickness of the test piece and shall be sufEciently hard. shall be taken as approximately: the distance between fhe supports. the unmachined side shall be the tension-side surface of the test piece.1 The thickness of the test piece from sheets. The munditig shall be made in such a way that no transverse. square. I 1=D+3a and shall not change during the bend test. TEST PIECE 5.4. testin@ e test piece. parts of whii have not been removed. of the Test Piece 5. when the width of the product is equal to or less than 20 mm.the test piece shall be as follows: a) The same.3 Unless otherwise specified in the relevant standard.Thedevice consists of a c@mp and a mandrel of sufficient hardness.4 Thickness of a product is more than 20 mm: for products of thickness less than 3 mm. If the thickness of the product is greater than 25 mm. 7 . However. it may be reduced by machining one surface to not less than 25 mm. testing a test pi-. During bending. 5. the width of.2. Any areas of the mpterial #%cted by shearing or flame cutting and similar operations during the +ting of tejt pie& SW a removed.1 Round. 5.4. However.1 The tapered surfaces 180” . the &ected. of the V-block sha’ll form an angle of 4.2 The edges of rectangular test pieces shall be rounded to a radiw not exceeding one-tenth of the thickness of test pieces. rectangular or polygonal cross section test pieces are used in the test. strips and sections shall be equal to the thickness of the product to be tested. it may be eq&pped with a lever for applying force to the test piece ( see Fig. 3 ).3. is acceptable protided the resultant bend is satisfactory. 4. section teat piece shall be submitted In case to the bend test in the cross section equal to that of the product. the dimensions of the test piece and sampling shall be as specified in the relevant standard or by agreement. of the test piece exceeda 50 mm. test pieces of a greater thickness and width than those specified in 5. 7 ).6 By agreement but not in cases of dispute. the diameter ( for a round cross section ) or the inscribed circle diameter ( for polygonal cross section ) does not exceed 50 mm.4 may be subjected to the bend test.1 In general. Tests carried out under controlled conditions shall be made at a temperature of 23 f 5°C.3 and 5. 6. Fro. castings and semifinished products. When the diameter or the inscribed circle diameter. of the test piece exceed 30 mm up to and including 50 mm. the test is carried out at ambient temperature between 10 and 35%.5. When the diameter or the inscribed circle diameter. 8.2 The bend test is carried out using specified in the relevant standard: one of the following methods 4 That a specified angle of bend is achieved under for the given conditions ( 8~ Fig. 6. 8 the force and . 55 6. 6 ). PROCRDURR 6. 4 h6ITION OF BEND TRST POLYcmaL PIECE IN ROUND OR SBCTIONS In the cam of forgings. and 4 That the legs of the piece are in direct contact while under the force ( see Fig. During bending. it shall be reduced to not less than 25_mm ( SM Fig.2 and 3 ).7 The length of a test piece depends on the thickness of the test piece and the test equipment used. the urmachined side shall be the tension-side surface of the test piece. 4 ).2 The round or polygonal cross. b) That the legs of the test piece are parallel to each other at a specified distance apart while under the force ( see Fig. 1. it may be reduced to not less than 25 mm. lay the test piece on the supports ( see Fig. by application of a continuously increasing force. 9 . to obtain direct contact between the legs of the test piece ( sueFig. as indicated in 6. complete the bend by pressing directly on the ends of the legs of the test piece ( $88Fig.IS:1599 -1985 6. Fro. test is that of bending over a mandrel 6. 5 ). 2 ) and bend it in the middle between the supports by the action of a continuously increasing force.1 If it is not possible to bend the test piece to the specified angle in the manner described in 6.4 ).S In the bend test to a specified angle of bend.3. is further bent between the parallel plates of the press. the test piece. 6 ) where it is further formed by application of a continuously increasing force to obtain parallelism of the legs.3 and then placed between the parallel plates of the press ( scc Fig. 5 BEND TEST THROUOHA SPECIFIEDANGLE 6. the test piece may be bent first. 6. after its preliminary bending. An alternate method of ( SC84.5 If specified. Apply the bending force slowly ao as to permit free pkutic flow of the material. The test may be carried out with or without the inrert. The thickness of the insert shall be defined in the relevant standards or by agreement.4 In the bend test to parallelism of the legs. 7 ). 1 ) or on the V-block ( se8Fig.3. FIG. ’ is always considered as a minimum.. . the material standards. INTERPRETATION BEND TEST TO FLAT CONDITION OF RESULTS 7.1 The interpretation of the bend test is carried out according to the requirements of. specified in material rtandards. it is considered as a maximum. 6 BENDTEST THROUGHAN ANKLEOF’180” OVER A SPECIFIEojR~n~~ Fm. test.2 The angle of bend. When these requirements are not specified. absence of cracks visible without the usebf magnifying aids is considered as the evidence that the test piece withstood the ‘bend . 7. If the internal radiusof ‘a bend is specified... 7 7. 10 . 1 The test report shall include the following information: 4 Reference to this standard. etc ). b) Identification of the test piece ( type of the material. direction of the test piece axis relative to a product. 4 Test method.1985 8. Cl Shape and dimensions of the test piece. TEST REPORTS 8.! ! IS : 1599 . and 4 Test result. 11 . cast number.