GEOLOGY 11: Principles of GeologyCourse Outline Instructor: Gabriel Theophilus Valera Faculty Room: NIGS 217-A Research Laboratory: NIGS 110 (Rushurgent Working Group) Consultation Hours: T-Th 10-4:00 PM E-mail: [email protected] Any form of cheating in examinations or any act of dishonesty in relation to studies, such as plagiarism, shall be subject to disciplinary action. Course Goals: After the end of the course, the student should be able to understand the processes, structure, composition, and history of the earth. The student should also have a better understanding of Philippine Geology, its practical applications in the fields of engineering, the social and physical sciences, and its importance to the environment and community. 1. INTRODUCTION (Week 1) 1.1. What is geology? 1.2. Geology as a discipline 1.3. Main branches of geology 1.4. Uniformitarianism and Catastrophism 1.5. Geology and its relevance to daily life 2. THE PLANET EARTH (Week 2) 2.1. A cosmological model on the early development of the Universe: Big Bang 2.2. A hypothesis on the formation of the Solar System and the Earth: The Nebular Hypothesis 2.3. Earth’s basic facts 2.4. Earth’s large-scale features 2.5. Earth’s internal structure and composition 2.6. Isostasy: Pratt’s and Airy’s theories of isostasy 8.3. Common sedimentary structures 8.4. Resources from sedimentary rocks 9. SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS (Week 10) 9.1. Terrestrial environments (Alluvial Fan, Fluvial, Lacustrine, Aeolian) 9.2. Transitional environment (Delta, Lagoon, Beach) 9.3. Marine environment (Shallow Marine, Deep Marine) 10. GROUNDWATER (Week 11) 10.1. Distribution of underground water 10.2. Porosity and permeability 10.3. Groundwater terminologies: Aquifers, springs and artesian wells 10.4. Geologic work of groundwater: Karst topography 10.5. Problems associated with groundwater 3. PLATE TECTONICS (Week 3) 3.1. Continental drift 3.2. Seafloor spreading 3.3. Plate tectonics 3.4. Types of plate boundaries 3.5. Mechanisms for plate motions 3.6. Philippine tectonics 11. MASS WASTING (Week 12) 11.1. What is mass wasting? 11.2. Factors promoting mass wasting 11.3. Classification of mass wasting processes 11.4. Hazards and some mitigation measures 4. MINERALS (Week 4) 4.1. What is a mineral? 4.2. Properties of minerals 4.3. Classification of minerals: Silicate and non-silicate groups 4.4. Common rock-forming minerals 4.5. Minerals as non-renewable resources 12. METAMORPHIC ROCKS (Week 13) 12.1. What is metamorphism? 12.2. Agents of metamorphism 12.3. Types of metamorphism 12.4. Classification of metamorphic rocks 12.5. Resources from metamorphic rocks 5. ROCK CYCLE (Week 5) 5.1. What is a rock? 5.2. Processes involved in the rock cycle 5.3. Introduction to the 3 main rock types 13. ROCK DEFORMATION (Week 14) 13.1. Types of rock deformation 13.2. Stress and strain 13.3. Structures due to ductile deformation 13.4. Structures due to brittle deformation 13.5. Active faults in the Philippines 6. MAGMA and IGNEOUS PROCESSES (Week 5-6) 6.1. What is magma? 6.2. Types of magma 6.3. Origin and formation of magma 6.4. Magmatic differentiation 6.5. What is a volcano? 6.6. Types of volcanoes 6.7. Types of volcanic eruptions 6.8. Monitoring volcanic activity 6.9. Volcanic hazards 6.10. Philippine volcanoes SECOND LONG EXAM (Week 13) 14. EARTHQUAKES (Week 15) 14.1. What is an earthquake? 14.2. Elastic Rebound Theory 14.3. Focus and epicenter 14.4. Types of seismic waves 14.5. Seismic waves and the interior of the earth 14.6. Magnitude and Intensity 14.7. Earthquake hazards 14.8. Predicting earthquakes 7. IGNEOUS ROCKS (Week 7) 7.1. Formation of igneous rocks 7.2. Igneous structures 7.3. Bowens Reaction Series 7.4. Classification of igneous rocks 7.5. Resources from igneous rocks 15. HISTORICAL GEOLOGY (Week 16) 15.1. Estimates of the age of the earth and the universe 15.2. Fossils and fossilization 15.3. Absolute dating (Radioactive isotopes and half-life) 15.4. Relative dating (Steno’s Laws and unconformities) 15.5. The geologic time scale FIRST LONG EXAM (Week 8) 16. SPECIAL TOPICS *Optional (Week 16) 8. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS (Week 9) 8.1. Sedimentary Processes: Weathering, erosion, deposition, lithification/diagenesis 8.2. Classification of sedimentary rocks THIRD LONG EXAM (Week 16) 99 3.0 78. Lecture notes will be given before every exam.J.00-59. F.25 91. 5. To be exempted from taking the Final Exam..00-73. Schedule of quizzes will not be announced. he/she is required to take the Final Exam. Earth Science.25 73. D.49 2.0 <55 . Taking pictures of PowerPoint slides is not allowed.0 56.99 5.49 1. 6. 2. F. 7.K.50-86.5 87.49 2.99 2.K.00-64.J.75 82.00-91. 3” x 5” index card with 1”x1” photo. 4. Use of any electronic device is not allowed during class hours..0 96-100 1.50-68. 11th ed. Please include the following details: NAME: Last Name.50-77. Late projects will not be accepted. 2012.99 2. More than six (6) absences (both excused ad unexcused) will earn you a grade of 5. MI STUDENT NO: COURSE: MOBILE NO: EMAIL ADDRESS: PRESENT ADDRESS: PERMANENT ADDRESS: PERSON TO CONTACT IN CASE OF EMERGENCY and CONTACT DETAILS: GRADING SYSTEM: Pre-Final Exam Grade: 3 Long Exams (75%) Quizzes (10%) Project (10%) Class performance (5%) Final Exam: 2. REFERENCES: Tarbuck. Tarbuck. Eating and drinking is allowed but avoid littering. and Lutgens. Lutgens. If a student fails/misses one of the long exams. and Tasa. the student must pass all 3 long exams.50-95.0 60. 2000. 1 Bluebook for quizzes CLASS POLICIES: 1. Pre-final Exam Grade: 70% Final Exam Grade: 30% GRADE EQUIVALENTS 1. Classes will start on time and attendance will be checked 15 min after.CLASS REQUIREMENTS: 1. 9th ed. Essentials of Geology. Three (3) lates is equivalent to one (1) unexcused absence. E.5 69. 3.49 4.99 1.75 64.0 (failing grade) for the course. E.00-82. First Name.