FLS Report - Burj Dubai - 14 Sept 2005 - Final Rev - 091505

ROLF JENSEN & ASSOCIATES, INC.FIRE PROTECTION CONSULTANTS FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Prepared For: Emaar Properties PJSC P.O. Box 9440 Dubai, United Arab Emirates RJA Project No. C31601 14 September 2005 600 WEST FULTON STREET, SUITE 500, CHICAGO, IL 60661 USA, +1 312 879-7200, FAX +1 312 879-7210 www.rjainc.com A SUBSIDIARY OF THE RJA GROUP, INC. FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI, UAE Page i 14 September 2005 Revision Log of Changes to Burj Dubai FLS Report Date: 14 September 2005 RJA Project No: C31601 1. Added revision date of 14 September 2004 to title page and header. 2. Revised Drawing Index to include drawings FL154B and FL154C. 3. Revised Fire & Life Safety Enhancement key aspects as follows: a. Revised description of Elevator “Life Boat” evacuation capability. b. Revised description of Fire Resistance Ratings. c. Revised description of alternate egress paths. d. Revised Fire lift (BS2/F) access up through level 111. e. Included photo luminescent stripes to assist in egress. 4. Revised Section 2.2: General Building Construction as follows: a. Revised description of Table 2.2 regarding requirement for hazardous and special use area requirements. 5. Revised Section 4.1: Egress Considerations as follows: a. Revised description of designated elevators as an additional means of egress. b. Revised description of occupant loads. 6. Revised Section 5: Fire Suppression System as follows: a. Revised description of code requirement and proposed design for site water supply and exterior fire hydrant systems. 7. Revised Section 5.1: Site Water Supply and Exterior Fire Hydrant Systems as follows: a. Revised description of proposed design 8. Revised Section 5.4: Automatic Sprinkler Systems as follows: a. Revised Table 5.4.1 regarding residential dwelling unit design density. b. Included spire service spot description. FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI, UAE Page ii 14 September 2005 c. Revised Table 5.4.2 regarding proposed fire protection methods. 9. Revised Section 6.3: Fire Fighters Elevator Vestibule Pressurization as follows: a. Revised description of the tower is provided with two elevators. 10. Revised Table 7.3.1: Fire Alarm Initiating Device Location Matrix 11. Revised Section 7.4: Fire Command Center, Proposed Design description 12. Revised Appendix A, Section 4: Site-Wide Water Supply, ........................ 24 Section 4: Egress Considerations......................................... Fire Fighters Elevator Vestibule Pressurization 4............... Site Water Supply and Exterior Fire Hydrant Systems 2. 14 Section 2: General Building Construction .............. Hazardous and Special Use Areas 3....................... 32 Section 6: Smoke Management Systems ... 6 Fire & Life Safety Enhancements .................................... 13 Section 1: Occupancy Classification & Site Considerations....................................... Stair Pressurization System 2.... Automatic Sprinkler Systems 1.............................................. 26 1...... Fire Protection Water Supply 3.................................................... Exit Capacities and Arrangement 1............................................ Structural Fire Resistance 2...................................... Standpipe Systems (Inside Hydrants) 4....... Separation of Atrium Spaces 17 20 23 Section 3: Interior Finish .............................................................. 9 COMPARABLE HIGH RISE FACILITIES OVERVIEW OF FIRE SAFETY APPROACH DETAILS OF FIRE SAFETY FEATURES 11 13 14 Fire Safety Characteristics of High Rise Buildings...................................................................... Parking Garage Ventilation and Exhaust 26 32 33 34 36 40 41 42 43 44 Section 5: Fire Suppression Systems ...................... 5 Internationally Recognized Fire Safety Standards ................. 17 1...... UAE TABLE OF CONTENTS Page iii 14 September 2005 OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES OF THE FIRE PROTECTION DESIGN INTRODUCTION APPLICABLE CODES & DESIGN APPROACH 1 3 5 Building Description ........... Hotel Amenity Levels Smoke Exhaust Systems 3................FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI........................................... 3 Compliance with Dubai Municipal Building Regulations............................ 40 .................................. Corridor Smoke Exhaust System 5....................... Emergency Illumination 3....... Fire Command Center APPANDIX A – FIRE FIGHTING STRATEGY OVERVIEW APPENDIX B – EVACUATION STRATEGY OVERVIEW APPENDIX C – FIRE ALARM CAUSE AND EFFECT MATRIX APPENDIX D – OFFICE ENTRY PAVILION COLUMN FIRE RESISTANCE CALCULATION APPENDIX E – FIRE EXPOSURE CALCULATIONS FOR OFFICE ANNEX EXPOSURE TO THE DUBAI MALL CAR PARK 45 47 49 60 ......... Emergency Power Source 2.....FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI...... 45 1......................................... Fire Alarm System 4................ UAE Page iv 14 September 2005 Section 7: Electrical Systems... TENANT STORAGE FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM .HOTEL GUESTROOMS FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM . OFFICE ANNEX FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM .MECHANICAL SPACE. OFFICE ANNEX FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM . HEALTH CLUB / SPA.LEVEL 3 – EXECUTIVE CLUB.LEVEL 26 . LOADING DOCK.LEVEL 7 . OBSERVATORY ELEVATOR LOBBY.GROUND LEVEL – RESIDENTIAL LOBBY.33 (TIER 2) .LEVEL 2 – MECHANICAL SPACE. UAE FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY DRAWING INDEX (FLS Drawings will be issued separately) Page v 14 September 2005 FL 010 FL 0B2 FL 0B1 FL 00C FIRE & LIFE SAFETY . MEETING ROOMS.CONCOURSE LEVEL – BOUTIQUE OFFICE LOBBY.HOTEL RESIDENCES FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM – LEVEL 17 (TIER 0) .16 (TIER 0) .LEVEL 34 .LEVEL 6 . RESTAURANTS. NIGHT CLUB.UPPER MECHANICAL & TENANT STORAGE FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM – LEVEL 19 .8 (TIER 0) .LEVEL 38 (TIER 3) .LEVEL 39 (TIER 3) .HOTEL GUESTROOMS.LEVEL 1 – HOTEL LOBBY. BUSINESS CENTER.HOTEL SUITE GUESTROOMS FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM . RESTAURANT / LOUNGE AREA. OFFICE ANNEX FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM . POOL PAVILION OUTDOOR POOL.LEVEL 9 . OFFICE ANNEX LOBBY FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM . OFFICE ANNEX FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM . BALLROOM.HOTEL RESIDENCES FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM . FACILITIES STORAGE FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM . POOL PAVILION ENTRY.PARKING.SITE PLAN FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM . OFFICE ANNEX FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM .LEVEL B2 .HOTEL GUESTROOMS. PARKING FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM . RESTAURANTS.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. .HOTEL RESIDENCES FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM .37 (TIER 3) . PARKING FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM .HOTEL SUITE GUESTROOMS FL 0GR FL 0L1 FL 0L2 FL 0L3 FL 0L4 FL 0L5 FL 0L6 FL 124 FL 126 FL 127 FL 128 FL 130 FL 132 FL 133 FL 134 FL 135 .LOWER MECHANICAL & TENANT STORAGE FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM – LEVEL 18 (TIER 0) .LEVEL 5 . POOL PAVILION SPA. MECHANICAL SPACE. BALLROOM ENTRY.LEVEL 4 . MECHANICAL SPACE.LEVEL B1 – PARKING.HOTEL RESIDENCES FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM . HOTEL BACK OF HOUSE. HOTEL BACK OF HOUSE.25 (TIER 1) . MEP CENTRAL PLANT. LEVEL 53 (TIER 5) .52 (TIER 4) – RESIDENTIAL FL 143A FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM .LEVEL 109 (TIER 9) – LOWER MECHANICAL .LEVEL 73 (TIER 6) – LOWER MECHANICAL & WINDOW WASHING FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM . TENANT STORAGE & AREA OF REFUGE FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM – LEVEL 76 (TIER 7) .LEVEL 44 (TIER 4) – RESIDENTIAL & UPPER PART OF RESIDENTIAL AMENITY FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM . UAE FL 136 FL 137 FL 138 FL 140 FL 141 FL 142 FL 143 Page vi 14 September 2005 FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM .LEVEL 45 (TIER 4) – RESIDENTIAL FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM .LEVEL 88 .72 (TIER 6) – RESIDENTIAL FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM .LEVEL 77 (TIER 7) – UPPER SKY LOBBY & LUXURY RESIDENTIAL FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM .LEVEL40 (TIER 3) – LOWER MECHANICAL & WINDOW WASHING FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM .LEVEL 108 (TIER 9) .FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI.86 (TIER 7) .LEVEL 54 .LUXURY RESIDENTIAL FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM . AMENITIES & RESIDENTIAL FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM .LEVEL 75 (TIER 6) – UPPER MECHANICAL.LEVEL 42 (TIER 3) – UPPER MECHANICAL.LEVEL 87 (TIER 7) .LEVEL 65 .98 (TIER 8) .LEVEL 78 .LEVEL 64 (TIER 6) – RESIDENTIAL FL 145 FL 146 FL 147 FL 148 FL 150 FL 151 FL 152 FL 153 FL 153A FL 154 FL 154A FL 154B FL 154C FL 155A FL 156 FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM .LUXURY RESIDENTIAL FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM .LUXURY RESIDENTIAL FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM .LEVEL 43 (TIER 4) – RESIDENTIAL SKY LOBBY.RESIDENTIAL FL 144 FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM .LUXURY RESIDENTIAL FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM – LEVEL 100 – 103 & 106 (TIER 9) – LUXURY RESIDENTIAL FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM – LEVEL 104 – 105 & 107 (TIER 9) – LUXURY RESIDENTIAL FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM .LEVEL 41 (TIER 3) – ELEVATOR MACHINE ROOM FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM .LEVEL 99 (TIER 9) .LEVEL 46 .LUXURY RESIDENTIAL FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM .LUXURY RESIDENTIAL SKY LOBBY & AMENITIES FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM .80 (TIER 7) – LUXURY RESIDENTIAL FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM .LEVEL 81 . TENANT STORAGE. & AREA OF REFUGE FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM .63 (TIER 5) – RESIDENTIAL FL 144A FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM .LEVEL 74 (TIER 6) – ELEVATOR MACHINE ROOM FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM . MECHANICAL. ELECTRICAL & COMMUNICATIONS FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM – ROOF/SPIRE LEVEL1 – FINIAL TOP PLAN (TIER 19 & UP) FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM .LEVEL 140 .FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM .147 (TIER 12 . CLUBS & BOUTIQUE OFFICE FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM .121 (TIER 10) – BOUTIQUE OFFICE.LEVEL 122 .16) – BOUTIQUE OFFICE. MECHANICAL & AREA OF REFUGE FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM . UAE FL 157 FL 160 FL 161 FL 162 FL 163 FL 164 FL 165 FL 166 FL 167 FL 168 FL 200 FL 400 Page vii 14 September 2005 FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM .157 (TIER 15 .LEVEL 126 .LEVEL 158 .125 (TIER 10 .LEVEL 154 .13) – BOUTIQUE OFFICE FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM .15) – BOUTIQUE OFFICE FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM .111 (TIER 9) – ELEVATOR MACHINE ROOM.FIRE SPRINKLER RISER END OF DRAWINGS . SKY LOBBY. UPPER MECHANICAL & AREA OF REFUGE FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM .139 (TIER 11 .LEVEL 136 .135 (TIER 11) – BOUTIQUE OFFICE. MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM .18) – BOUTIQUE OFFICE.LEVEL 148 .BUILDING SECTION FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM .11) – OBSERVATORY.LEVEL 110 .153 (TIER 14 . MECHANICAL.LEVEL 112 .160 & 160 MEZZANINE (TIER 16 . ELECTRICAL & COMMUNICATIONS FIRE & LIFE SAFETY DIAGRAM .12) – BOUTIQUE OFFICE. Firefighter elevator and pressurized lobby for protected fire department access to upper floors. b. g. communications and fire fighting water supply. c. b. The fire safety design objective for the facility is to provide a level of fire and life safety consistent with internationally recognized fire safety standards and with other comparable high-rise structures. d. . Occupant Evacuation Management a. Two-way fire department telephone system for communication between the fire command centers and strategic rooms/areas. a. the following fire protection features are incorporated into the facility design of the project. Infrastructure to facilitate firefighting operations including transport. Fire alarm system for occupant notification and response. fire barriers. Control of Fire to a Single Fire Compartment or Floor. Remote annunciation panels for fire fighter use. The fire protection strategy that is employed in developing this report is based on the following defining design principles and objectives. 3. c. Control of fire and its effects Safe occupant evacuation Compartmentation Firefighting operations Based on these concepts. f. e. Pressurized exit stairs in the high-rise tower Protected. 4. Firefighting Features a. United Arab Emirates. b. Voice communication system to provide direction to building occupants. Fire resistant stair enclosures for high-rise tower and office annex buildings. partially conditioned and pressurized Areas of Refuge in the highrise tower. UAE Page 1 14 September 2005 OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES OF THE FIRE PROTECTION DESIGN This report describes the fire and life safety features for the Burj Dubai tower in Dubai. Building compartmentation by means of structural fire resistance. Selected shuttle elevators with emergency power to assist evacuation. 2. Automatic sprinkler protection throughout facility with adequate water supply. c. d. 1.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. 3. and fire resistant floor assemblies. 1. Fire command centers. 2. Code compliant exit location and capacity. . partially conditioned and pressurized stair enclosures and areas of refuge. e.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. Protected. Parking garage smoke exhaust systems. 1-hour fire rated enclosure of all hotel and residential units. c. UAE 4. Pressurized fire fighter elevator lobbies. b. Smoke exhaust system for residential and office corridors within the tower. Management of Smoke Spread Page 2 14 September 2005 a. d. Level 3 contains assembly spaces such as restaurants. pre-function and back –of-house areas. The facility has two levels below grade with an unoccupied interstitial space under the B2 level. residential dwelling units. B1) are designed primarily for enclosed parking. The Concourse level is at grade along the southeast face of the building and at the office annex. retail. G (Ground). which consists of building lobbies. Levels C (Concourse).335 square meters (165.000 square feet). parking. private dining areas as well as a business center and executive offices. hotel amenities and support spaces.695 square meters (3.257. central plant. high-rise structure. restaurants and specialty dining areas. The main fire command center is located near the residential lobby and is accessible through a fire rated corridor. The residential entry pavilion and lobby serve as the primary access point for fire department vehicle access to the building. The office annex provides an additional 15. as well as access to the fire fighters elevators. 1 and 3 form the building podium. The entrance lobby for the tower office floors is located at this level. The area of the concourse and 2 basement levels is approximately 92. UAE INTRODUCTION Page 3 14 September 2005 The Burj Dubai tower is a mixed use. Building Description The building design consists of a 160-story hotel / residential and office tower with a partially detached multi-story pool annex building and an office annex building. indoor pool. An observation level and multi level private club is provided near the top of the building with dedicated shuttle elevators. This level provides elevator access for permanent residents and guests of the private club on Level 122. Level 1 includes the main entrance pavilion and lobby for the hotel and hotel residences and also contains a spa. The two basement levels (B2. fitness center. fitness center. Level 1 is a secondary point of fire department vehicle access to the building. .000. ancillary retail spaces and indoor parking.937 square meters (1. Levels 2 and 4 are mezzanine levels containing mechanical and equipment spaces. assembly spaces. storage areas and parking for 605 cars. The main high-rise tower encompasses an approximate gross area of 302.000 square feet) of gross area to the facility. It is the objective of the Design Team to create a highly functional and efficient building while maintaining a level of fire and life safety consistent with the National Standards of Dubai and internationally recognized fire safety standards. The Concourse level contains loading docks. the hotel ballroom. A secondary fire command center for the hotel portion of the building is located at this level. and hotel nightclub areas as well as the elevator lobby for the Observatory (located on Level 124) and a pedestrian tunnel to an adjacent shopping mall. The Ground floor level contains the entry pavilion and lobby for the residential floors.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. incorporating hotel guest rooms.000 square feet). Private Residences Residential sky lobbies & amenities Tower Offices Observation Level Private Lounge Communications.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. 125 to 134 and 139 to 154 Level 124 Level 122 Levels 155 to 160M FLOOR AREA Varies – 43. The floor levels containing the different residential units and offices are identified in the accompanying table.494 m² (16. office lobby & public amenities.256 m² (13.302 m² to 465 m² (3.104 m² (21.673 ft² to 38. and window washing equipment. The spire and highest portion of the tower is unoccupied space containing lighting and a space reserved for a damper to control building movement if required.564 m² (28. 1. B1 Concourse.363 ft²) Varies – 1.465 m² to 1. UAE Page 4 14 September 2005 Most of the levels above Level 4 are used for transient and permanent residential purposes and offices.008 ft²) 302 m² (3. Levels 112 through 121.788 ft²) Approximately 1.515 ft²) Approximately 1. Mechanical and Window Wash Architectural Spire Office Annex Pool Annex FLOORS B2. The Office Annex Building contains office space with the lower levels housing the central plant.515 ft²) Varies . hotel lobby.509 m² to 2. Level 124 contains the observatory areas for the building. 125 through 134 and 139 through 154 are designated as Tower Office floors for high end luxury office space.610 m² to 49.862 ft² to 237. 3. A private club level is located on Levels 122.494 m² (20. A fire command center serving the office annex building is located adjacent to the office annex lobby. Hotel guest rooms & service apartments. communications.845 ft²) Varies .149 ft²) Varies – 2.008 ft² to 13.002 m² (10.845 ft²) Varies – 1. contain mechanical.256 m² (5.873 ft² to 26.792 ft²) Area included in Podium area Above Level 160M Levels B2 to 6 Levels B2 to 3 .241 ft² to 26.344 m² (469.250 ft²) Approximately 2. Ground. The remaining occupied levels. (Mezzanines on levels 2 & 4) Levels 5 to 42 Levels 43 to 108 Levels 43/44 and 76/77 Levels 112 to 121.939 m² to 2. Primary elements of facility design include: ELEMENT Basements . from 155 through 160M.936 ft²) Varies – 2.438 ft² to 531. The Tower Office sky lobby is located on level 123.664 m² 3. Residential sky lobbies and amenities are located at the 43rd and 76th floors.030 m² to 22.250 ft² to 5.582 m² (27.Parking Podium – residential lobby. To the extent feasible. U. or building meet the following requirements: 1 to 500 occupants – 2 exits 501 to 750 occupants – 3 exits Greater than 750 occupants – 4 exits The Burj Dubai tower design utilizes the following requirements from NFPA 101 regarding the number of exits from each floor level: 1 to 500 occupants – 2 exits 501 to 1000 occupants – 3 exits Greater than 1000 occupants – 4 exits . 3. The Dubai Municipal Building Regulations require that the minimum number of exits from a room. Fire & Life Safety Enhancements – form the basis for the fire protection design of the Burj Dubai tower. Compliance with Dubai Municipal Building Regulations The Burj Dubai tower has generally been designed to meet the applicable requirements of the Dubai Building Regulations. Life safety enhancements are design features that are above and beyond minimum code requirements and that are intended to provide an added level of fire & life safety to the building. based fire safety codes and standards applicable to a structure of this size as well as other internationally recognized fire safety standards appropriate to a building of this size. Together. 2. Code. space. The following Dubai code requirements will not be met by the design of the Burj Dubai building. In those cases where compliance with the code may not be apparent or where the situation is not formally addressed in the code.S. but will instead follow international standards for high-rise buildings: 1. a special approach has been taken to meet the project objectives. alternative features are provided to achieve the level of fire safety intended by the code. certain features of a facility of this type are not anticipated in the code. However. The design will follow U. these elements – Dubai Code. This approach is based on the following: 1. the project will comply with the applicable provisions of the Dubai Municipal Building Regulations. Supporting documentation and comparable installations are provided for the alternative features.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. The design will incorporate fire and life safety enhancements that have been utilized in other very tall structures worldwide.S. UAE APPLICABLE CODES & DESIGN APPROACH Page 5 14 September 2005 In view of the scale and complexity of the facility. The Dubai Building Regulations require that exit stair doors have a minimum width of 1000 mm (39. The exits are designed to meet the requirements of NFPA 101.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. The Dubai Building Regulations require that travel distances in crowded buildings not exceed 27 meters (90 feet). The building is designed to meet the travel distance requirements of NFPA 101. These standards include: . The Dubai Building Regulations require that exit stairs provide a minimum of 2440 mm (96 in) of headroom. 7. 3. These requirements are based on the occupancy classification of a room or area in the building and are discussed in Section 4 of this report. The Dubai Building Regulations require all buildings exceeding 20 floors to be equipped with a helicopter landing area. The exit stairs in the Burj Dubai project provide at least 2032 mm (80 in) of headroom in the exit stair enclosures in accordance with NFPA 101. This requirement is not incorporated into the Burj Dubai tower. the Burj Dubai tower will be designed to meet internationally recognized fire safety standards.4 in). 6. The exit stair doors for the Burj Dubai building are designed to meet the 813 mm (32 in) minimum width requirement of NFPA 101. UAE Page 6 14 September 2005 2. These facilities are also equipped with exit stair pressurization systems and protected areas of refuge which are designed to protect occupants as they exit from the higher floors of the building. Internationally Recognized Fire Safety Standards In addition to the requirements of the Dubai Municipal Building Code. The Dubai Building Regulations require that exit stairs meet the minimum width based on the occupancy classification as follows: Residential and Office: 1070 mm (42 in) Public Buildings: 1500 mm (59 in) The minimum width of the exit stairs for the Burj Dubai project is 1118 mm (44 in) in accordance with NFPA 101. The Dubai Building Regulations require that corridors meet the minimum width based on the occupancy classification as follows: Residential/Office (>232 m²): 1800 mm (72 in) Residential/Office (internal corridor): 900 mm (36 in) Commercial: 3000 mm (118 in) The minimum width of exit access corridors for the Burj Dubai facility is 1118 mm (44 in) in accordance with NFPA 101. 4. 5. NFPA 13. an international nonprofit organization advocating consensus-derived codes. The following NFPA Standards will be used for the design of the building: NFPA 10. and Southern Building Code Congress International (SBCCI). . The 2002 edition of NFPA 13. Installation of Private Fire Service Mains – 1995 edition NFPA 92A. UAE Page 7 14 September 2005 International Building Code (IBC) – The IBC is a product of the International Code Council. Life Safety Code (LSC) – The Life Safety Code is a product of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). The requirements of the latest edition of this code. which is the latest published edition. will be used. The International Building Code was developed in an effort to produce a single model building code for the United States. Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers – 1998 edition NFPA 14.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. and Large Areas British Standard (BS) 5266. British Standard (BS) 5445. will be employed in this design. which is the latest published edition. The National Fire Protection Association Standards are internationally recognized for the design of fire protection systems. Fire Detection and Alarm Systems for Buildings – BS5839 is the design standard for fire detection and alarm systems referenced by the Dubai Municipal Building Regulations. The 2003 edition of the Code. Components of Automatic Fire Detection Systems – BS5445 is the design standard for automatic fire detection systems referenced by the Dubai Municipal Building Regulations. Guide for Smoke Management Systems in Malls. Atria. British Standard (BS) 5839. Standard for the Installation of Automatic Sprinkler Systems – NFPA 13 is an internationally recognized standard for the design of automatic sprinkler system protection for buildings. Recommended Practice for Smoke Control Systems NFPA 92B. International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO). Emergency Lighting – BS 5266 is the design standard for emergency lighting systems referenced by the Dubai Municipal Building Regulations. the 2003 edition. Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection – 1999 edition NFPA 22. Standard for the Installation of Standpipe Systems – 2000 edition NFPA 20. Other NFPA Standards. a regulations group composed of the three former United States model building code authorities: Building Officials & Code Administrators International (BOCA). NFPA 101. Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection – 1998 edition NFPA 24. will be used. The provisions of the Life Safety Code will be used as the basis for the design of the egress systems for the project. the design approach for the fire detection and alarm system will be: • Use the International Building Code (IBC) as the primary code to determine where in the building smoke detectors. heat detectors. are required. components and installation methods. . etc. Use BS 5445 as the basis for specifying system materials. Use BS 5839 as a secondary code to determine additional fire detector locations needed to meet an L1 type fire alarm system. manual call points. UAE Page 8 14 September 2005 For this project.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. • • This approach is further described in Section 7 of this report. An example would be to provide Areas of Refuge to provide safe areas within the building. Additional Features are life safety systems or features that are not code required. An example would be providing an additional exit stair for additional exit capacity beyond code requirements. These enhancements include: 1. 2/F. Fire & life safety enhancements build on the requirements within the code and are incorporated into the design in the following way: 1. An example would be providing protected exit stairs as required by code. For these conditions. Life safety enhancements are design features that are above and beyond minimum code requirements and that are intended to provide an added level of fire & life safety to the building. Elevator “Life Boat” evacuation capability. Design Best Practices allow us to “design in” additional reliability or capacity in the design of systems or features that are required. and 3/F) are raised 25mm above the adjacent floor finish to protect the elevator hoistways from water ingress. UAE Fire & Life Safety Enhancements Page 9 14 September 2005 The design will incorporate fire and life safety enhancements that have been utilized in other tall structures. Some emergency scenarios. The thresholds to the fireman’s elevators (BS1/F. Elevators would be used under the control of building personnel or fire fighters and only as part of an established evacuation procedure to shuttle occupants from designated staging areas (sky lobbies) to the ground floor. These features are designed to improve life safety and fire fighting capabilities in the building. Super-tall buildings (buildings more than 300 meters in height) are commonly provided with additional life safety features to compensate for challenges that they present in occupant evacuation and fire fighting. pressurized vestibule is provided at each floor served by the fireman’s elevators. 2. Fire & life safety enhancements are incorporated into key aspects of the Burj Dubai tower design. but have been used elsewhere on similar structures. Under .FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. The primary means of building evacuation is through protected exit stairs. however. A fire rated. Code Requirements form the baseline for designing a safe structure. 3. certain elevators have been designed with a “lifeboat evacuation” mode that enables fire brigade personnel to operate designated elevators to facilitate evacuation of the tower. may require full evacuation of the building. Both the fireman’s elevator and the vestibule pressurization systems are connected to the building emergency electrical system to remain operational upon loss of normal power. this feature has been provided on other similar structures. Although not code required for this building. 2. Fireman’s Elevator and Protected Vestibule – The Tower is equipped with high speed fireman’s elevators which open onto each occupied above grade floor level for use by fire department personnel. landings and doors within exit stairways. 75. 111 and 138 of the Tower for use by exiting occupants. R4. Photo luminescent stripes define stairs. occupants can transfer to an alternate stair to continue evacuation. Floor Smoke Management – A smoke management system is provided in the Tower to assist in evacuating smoke from the corridor of the floor where a fire alarm originates (incident floor). UAE Page 10 14 September 2005 this arrangement. . Redundant Fire Protection Water Supply – The water supply for water-based fire protection systems including the automatic sprinkler and standpipe systems has redundancy measures. 7. Alternate Egress Paths.2) will be available as well as the fire fighters elevator and service elevator (BS1/F & BS2/F). residential unit entry doors. 5.3.5. Increased Fire Resistance Ratings. The fire resistance ratings of certain partitions – including enclosures around all electrical equipment rooms. 3.6. Each Area of Refuge floor has been designed so that individual areas of refuge are interconnected by fire rated corridors and provided with directional signage so that in the event that one of the exit stairs is blocked below an area of refuge. The water supply is provided by a combination of water tanks distributed vertically throughout the building and pumps that can move water between vertical zones. OB1. 6. The areas of refuge are constructed of fire rated construction to provide protection for occupants. all passenger shuttle elevators (R1. Directional signage will be manually controlled from the FCC or the security command center. These areas are directly accessible from the exit stair enclosures and are pressurized. Areas of Refuge – Areas of refuge are provided on Levels 42. Fire lift (BS2/F) provides access up through level 111. and separations between dwelling units – has been increased above code requirements.2. 8. 9.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. 4. . This building was selected because it incorporates many of the same occupancy characteristics of the Burj Dubai facility. and meeting rooms as well as retail spaces. Kuala Lumpur. China. Similar to the Burj Dubai design. The Jin Mao Building also includes a podium similar to the Burj Dubai building which contains assembly spaces such as a ballroom. The majority of high-rise buildings in the world. The Petronas Towers facility was selected for comparison because it includes twin 450-meter office towers with a large base of ancillary facilities and is located in an urban environment with difficult fire response considerations. The facilities selected as representative of current technologies and approaches being applied to high-rise building fire and life safety include: Jin Mao Building. including those identified above. This building was selected because of its 346meter tower. which includes residential occupancies located above office space. required specific evaluations of the fire and life safety features to gain code acceptance.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. the Jin Mao Building includes multiple levels of below grade parking as well as private club and observatory areas at the top of the building. Chicago. The Sears Tower contains a fire protection water supply arrangement similar to that proposed for the Burj Dubai tower. This building was selected because of its 442-meter office tower. Petronas Towers. convention areas. IL. The building also incorporates fire and smoke compartments as well as areas of refuge. Malaysia. Shanghai. The fire safety measures of several existing facilities were evaluated. IL. Chicago. The building heights and other characteristics considered in the fire safety design of these facilities are comparable to those found in the Burj Dubai tower. Sears Tower. The Jin Mao Building is a high-rise building with hotel units located above office floors in the 88-story tower. John Hancock Center. UAE Comparable High Rise Facilities Page 11 14 September 2005 The fire & life safety enhancements of the Burj Dubai tower are based on the features found in comparable high-rise buildings throughout the world. System 1 hour for sprinklers Yes 2 provided Pressurized ½ hour Yes 2 provided Pressurized stairs and vestibules Provided Primary and Remote Provided Provided Yes 1 provided Vestibule with naturally ventilated smoke shaft Provided Provided Yes 1 provided Vestibule with naturally ventilated smoke shaft Provided Provided Provided Primary and Secondary Provided Provided Provided Provided Provided Provided Provided .A.000 m² in office areas 2. Unknown Fire Water Supply Duration Fire Pumps Fireman’s Elevator Smoke Protected Exit Stairs Floor Smoke Control Fire Command Center Emergency P. 30. 58 to 85 (hotel levels) and Penthouse Level 2 Columns: 3 hr Floors: 2 hr 2. 111 and 138 Jin Mao Building Levels 15. 75. UAE High Rise Building Comparison Matrix Building Feature Refuge Areas Burj Dubai Levels 42.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. Two secondary water tanks on Levels 51 and Penthouse with pumps. 4 hours total Yes 1 provided to all floors Pressurized Basement tank connected to domestic water tank.000 m² in office areas No Columns: 3 hr Floors: 1½ hr 1 per floor Columns: 3 hr Floors: 3 hr 1 per floor 1 per floor 1 per floor 1 per floor Yes No No No Basement tank with secondary tanks distributed vertically throughout tower with pumps. Unknown Basement tanks connected to domestic water mains with fire pumps Dual source domestic water mains Dual source domestic water mains with water tanks and fire pumps distributed vertically in building.000 m² in office and parking areas 1 per floor Petronas Towers Levels 40-43 Page 12 14 September 2005 John Hancock Center Level 44 Sears Tower None Provided Fire Resistance Fire Compartment Size Smoke Compartment Size Quick Response Sprinklers Primary Fire Water Supply Columns: 3 hr Floors: 2 hr 1 per floor Columns: 3 hr Floors: 2 hr 2. 2 hours internal. 2. 3. Fire Safety Characteristics of High Rise Buildings From a fire safety standpoint. using exit stairs or elevators under fire department control. . if necessary.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. these characteristics dictate an approach to fire safety that controls fire growth and protect occupants in place with only selective evacuation to safe areas within the building. the primary means of vertical circulation during normal conditions is by means of elevators. Because of the distance involved in reaching upper floors. The building must accommodate communication of emergency instructions to building occupants and communications between fire service personnel. often times in locations extremely remote from fire service apparatus and ground support. This section identifies both general fire and life safety attributes incorporated into high-rise buildings and also specific features designed to address unique characteristics specific to this facility. UAE Page 13 14 September 2005 OVERVIEW OF FIRE SAFETY APPROACH The overall fire and life safety design approach for the Burj Dubai tower is based on these overall characteristics and the characteristics specific to this facility. For this reason. Occupants can be evacuated from areas of refuge. From a fire safety design standpoint. the following features characterize high-rise structures: 1. Many public utilities must be supplemented by building systems to provide adequate reliable services to the building. Occupants cannot all be evacuated to grade in a timely manner. Building occupants must be moved away from danger utilizing protected exit stairs leading to areas of refuge within the building. fire fighting support systems must be built into the building design. Large numbers of building occupants are located far above street level. Occupants of the building must be protected from the effects of a fire in the building primarily by controlling fire growth and limiting fire and smoke spread to a single fire-prevention zone. Fire fighting operations must be conducted primarily from inside the building. The fire safety design must consider the following: 1. 2. 4. 3. FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. the building construction type will be determined based on the most restrictive occupancy requirements. As a concession to this classification. the Burj Dubai building will be designed as a non-separated mixed-use building. The primary occupancy classification of the building will be residential. Proposed Design To accommodate the planned diversity of the building. Table 1. UAE DETAILS OF FIRE SAFETY FEATURES Page 14 14 September 2005 This section of the report describes in detail the individual fire safety features of the facility and the effect of these features on the overall fire and life safety aspect of the facility. Comparisons of the features with similar features in other high-rise buildings throughout the world are also provided. Other chapters of the code dealing with special building features. The section is organized to generally correspond to the chapters and major sections of the International Building Code. The building will also be subject to the most restrictive fire protection systems requirements of the occupancies found within the facility. The code mandates construction and other fire safety features based on the classification and use of the facility. This design permits the building to retain its different occupancies without segregating them from each other with fire resistance rated separation. Because the building has been designed to incorporate multiple occupancies within a single facility. as well as a brief discussion of the typical uses included in that occupancy. which covers both the transient (hotel) and permanent (apartments and condominiums) portions of the tower. The features are compared to the basic requirements of the Dubai Municipality Building Regulations as well as US and International Codes and Standards. Purpose The purpose of this chapter is to provide initial classification of the occupancy so that applicable requirements within the code can be identified. Section 1: Occupancy Classification & Site Considerations Code Requirements Chapter 3 of the International Building Code (IBC) and Chapter 6 of the Life Safety Code (LSC) classify this building as a mixed-use occupancy. the Burj Dubai facility will be composed of a number of occupancies. are also applicable.1 identifies the occupancies found in the facility. . including High Rise Buildings and separation between buildings. and utility rooms/closets. For the entire building. or service transactions. Business occupancies typically consist of rooms or spaces used for office or professional. This level is accessible to fire fighting personnel along the southeast face of the tower and at the office annex structure. Examples of transient residential spaces within the Burj Dubai building will include hotel guest rooms. conference/ meeting rooms. Primary Fire Department vehicle access is provided at the Ground and First levels. mechanical rooms. Storage occupancies are rooms or spaces used for the storage of items or goods inherent to the building. Permanent: Permanent Residential occupancies typically consist of rooms or spaces containing sleeping facilities for occupants who are primarily permanent or who use such facilities for an extended period of time. Examples of storage spaces within the Burj Dubai building will include the loading dock. restaurants and lounges. Parking Garages are generally classified as storage occupancies. Examples of transient residential spaces within the Burj Dubai building will include hotel residences and private residences. storage rooms. the ballroom.86 meters above the lowest level of fire department access. The high-rise classification applies to all buildings more than 22. the convention space. Assembly occupancies typically consist of rooms or spaces used for the purposes of gathering people together for social or civic events. UAE Table 1. Examples of assembly spaces within the Burj Dubai building will include the observatory. Residential. . Mechanical and utility rooms are also typically classified as storage occupancies. Access is provided for emergency vehicles to most of this side of the building.1: Occupancy Classifications Page 15 14 September 2005 Residential.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. Transient: Transient Residential occupancies typically consist of rooms or spaces containing sleeping facilities for transient occupants. Examples of business spaces within the Burj Dubai building will include office and other administrative areas including Hotel back of house and office areas. Assembly: Business: Storage: Parking Garage: The Burj Dubai tower is classified as a high-rise building requiring certain fire protection and fire fighting features. the lowest level of fire department access is taken as the Concourse level. but are also subject to specific requirements based on the specific use of such areas. and fitness areas. Each gatehouse is provided with a local means of detecting fire or smoke (smoke detection) and notifying gatehouse occupants. Where gatehouses control primary fire vehicle access routes to the building. Calculations of the fire exposure conditions under worst credible fire scenarios for both the office annex and parking garage are attached in Appendix D of this report. which in turn leads to the observation level shuttle elevator lobby. An escalator connects the tunnel level to the Ground floor level of the office annex. Egress from the tunnel is provided by way of an exit stair. UAE Page 16 14 September 2005 The office annex is located 5 meters from an adjacent open car park. . Gate houses are provided at all access points to the project site. The adjacent retail mall is connected to the Burj Dubai tower by means of a tunnel with a fire separation between the tunnel and building. This connection is treated as a lobby or circulation space.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. closer than permitted by code without rated exterior walls. The design teams for the Burj Dubai and The Dubai Mall have both evaluated the exposure hazard associated with this arrangement and have concluded that the proposed arrangement meets the intent of the code and that an undue fire exposure hazard is not present. a means is provided to notify gatehouse staff of a fire in the tower and to inform the staff which fire vehicle access point to direct fire fighting vehicles to. The additional height of the tower means that occupants are farther from the ground and must rely on a defend in place approach to fire safety. • • Proposed Design The structural frame of Burj Dubai building is designed of reinforced concrete from the lowest level to Level 153. The facility is required to be Type 1A construction. . The “roof” of the highest enclosed and occupied floor level (Level 160M) will be of 2-hour construction. both concrete and steel. Extent and protection of hazard –The presence of sprinkler systems in all buildings should be considered in relation to the fire resistance rating requirements. Comparable Buildings .The proposed design for the Burj Dubai project is comparable to other high-rise buildings throughout the world.1 below identifies the IBC requirements for Type 1A construction. Table 2. The structural elements from the lowest level through Level 160M. The structural fire resistance requirements for columns and floor assemblies in the Tower are identical to those found in the Jin Mao Building and the Petronas Towers. This is due to the unoccupied nature of the spire and the absence of any significant combustibles.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. will be constructed of unprotected structural steel. the structure changes from concrete to fire-protected structural steel. This approach requires the building structure to be able to withstand the effects of fire for a longer duration without losing load-bearing qualities. UAE Section 2: General Building Construction 2.1. Additional Factors Considered • Building Height . Purpose The intent of these requirements is to assure structural integrity and to resist the spread of fire to adjacent buildings and areas. From Levels 154 to 160M and up through the spire. are designed to meet the fire resistance rating requirements identified in Table 2. located above Level 160M. with structural fire resistance ratings as identified below. The architectural spire.1 Structural Fire Resistance Code Requirements Page 17 14 September 2005 Chapters 5 & 6 of the IBC stipulate minimum fire resistance ratings for building structural members and other building elements based on the overall construction classification of the facility. Exit stairs in the Pool Annex that connect 4 or more stories also meet these rating requirements. These columns support only a small floor area associated with the hotel above. At each location where PVC pipe passes through a shaft wall. well before the columns were heated to a point where they may lose their strength. The Metallic pipe continues within the adjacent occupied areas. Openings into these shafts have a 1½-hour fire resistance rating. Duct penetrations of fire rated construction will be provided with fire dampers or ducts will be constructed of 2-hour rated construction. The floor of the pavilion is the office entry lobby located on the B1 level. it is unlikely that a large fire will develop in this area that will compromise the columns. Exit access corridors serving non-residential floors are generally not fire rated. On this basis. An intermediate floor is located inside the pavilion at Level 1 and contains a hotel lounge space. Exit access corridors and all demising walls enclosing hotel and residential units have a 1-hour fire resistance rating. . UAE Page 18 14 September 2005 Exit stairs within the Tower and the Office Annex have a fire resistance rating of 2-hours with 1 ½ hour rated fire doors at each opening. Doors opening into these rated corridors have a fire resistance rating of 20 minutes and are capable of resisting the passage of smoke. These calculations indicate that the intent of the applicable codes is met and that neither building represents an undue exposure hazard to the adjacent structure. an approved fire-stopping collar suitable for use with plastic pipe is provided. The third pavilion serving as the Tower Office entry is a two story space. Appendix D contains fire exposure calculations for both buildings. the proposed arrangement should be acceptable. These enclosures incorporate a cable-net glazing system and an exposed structural steel support system. Elevator shafts (hoistways) are provided with automatic sprinklers at the top of the shafts and are not constructed with smoke venting in order to minimize adverse effects of stack effect within the building. Based on the specific application and proposed location of these columns in a lobby / circulation area. Vertical shafts for elevators and mechanical systems extending through the Tower and the Office Annex have a 2-hour fire resistance rating. as permitted by the building code. Three architectural glass pavilions are located at the base of the tower and incorporate building entrances and public amenities. The office annex is located 5 meters from the open parking structure associated with the adjacent retail mall. floor or fire rated partition. For plastic pipe that exceeds available fire stopping sizes (300mm) as at the base of the drain risers. The two pavilions serving as the Hotel and Residential Entries are single story spaces with the exposed steel structure supporting only the roof and walls of the pavilions.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. The exterior walls of the tower and office and pool annexes are non-rated curtain wall assemblies. the PVC pipe transitions to metallic pipe within the shaft. Occupants in this area would be expected to evacuate the space in less than 10 minutes. PVC plastic pipe is used for drain/waste/vent systems in the tower. Exit stairs connecting less than 4 stories have a 1-hour fire resistance rating with 1-hour fire doors. the structural integrity of the composite column will be compromised. 1 ½ hr. Table 2. it is unlikely. 1 ½ hr.Residential Exit Access Corridors . doors Noncombustible – 2 hours. This capacity is enhanced by filling the columns with concrete. doors Noncombustible – 1 hour. UAE Page 19 14 September 2005 Considering the limited combustibles associated with the entry lobby circulation space. 1 ½ hr. The columns have a high heat absorbing capacity to dissipate the heat of a fire. doors Noncombustible – 0 hour Noncombustible – 2 hour. doors Noncombustible – 2 hours. . These sprinklers would activate well before critical temperatures are reached to further cool the columns and control fire growth.Construction Requirements COMPONENT Structural Frame Bearing Wall Nonbearing wall Fire wall Floor Construction Roof Construction Exit Stair Enclosures Areas of Refuge Fire Fighter’s Elevator Vestibules Elevator & Mechanical Vertical Shafts Exit Access Corridors . doors Noncombustible – 2 hours. 1 ½ hr.1 . Sprinklers are provided under the floor to protect the office lobby area.5 hours* Noncombustible – 2 hours.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. 45 min. doors * Fire protection of structural members is not required where every part of the roof construction is 20 feet or more above any floor immediately below.Other Residential Unit Separation RATING Noncombustible – 3 hours Noncombustible – 3 hours Noncombustible – 0 hour Noncombustible – 3 hours Noncombustible – 2 hours Noncombustible – 1. 1 ½ hr. that under realistic fire conditions. The IBC does not require compliance with NFPA 82 for the chute design. Extent and protection of hazard . The smoke detector will also initiate a fire alarm within the area.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. UAE 2. Additional Factors Considered • Building Height . Chutes are protected internally by automatic sprinklers.The hazardous areas of the building will be protected with appropriate fire safety systems to minimize the hazard to building occupants. Comparable buildings .2 identifies specific rooms or areas that represent areas of higher combustible fuel loads or ignition sources or are integral to the fire and life safety operations of the building and therefore require a higher level of protection.The purpose of this section is to protect occupants from hazards. . The Tower contains linen and trash chutes for use by the residential tenants. Therefore. Linen and trash chutes are enclosed in 2-hour fire rated shafts with 1 ½ hour fire rated chute doors at each level and at chute termination rooms. chutes are not vented to the exterior of the building as this would cause stack effect problems within the building. The additional height of the building increases the importance of protecting building occupants who are further from the ground and more difficult to evacuate. • • Proposed Design Table 2. Appropriately rated fire doors are provided for openings within the fire resistance rated enclosures.2 are enclosed with fire resistance rated assemblies in accordance with the requirements outlined in the table. Purpose The purpose of this section is to isolate hazardous and other special areas to minimize hazard to occupants of the building.The hazardous areas identified in this section are common to most high-rise buildings and are usually mitigated by both protection and isolation measures. Chute doors at chute termination rooms are normally held open by an approved hold-open device. Rooms identified in Table 2. This increased protection is provided through separation of the spaces from adjacent areas by fire resistance rated assemblies.2 Hazardous and Special Use Areas Code Requirements Page 20 14 September 2005 This section of the code stipulates the location and separation requirements for hazardous areas and other special occupancy areas within a building. A smoke detector will be provided to release the hold-open and automatically close the chute door when smoke is detected in the room. FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. ¾ hr. Parking levels are interconnected by vehicle ramps and by mechanical exhaust system risers. 1 ½ hr. doors 2 hour shaft enclosure. doors 2 hour separation. doors 2 hour separation. chute doors. Level B1 for trash). 1 ½ hr. Switchgear and other electrical Rooms containing 11kV equipment. Shutters will be activated by fusible link elements located at each shutter and tied to the fire alarm system to close automatically upon detection of a fire on any of the parking levels. Automatic sprinklers protect chute access and termination rooms. Table 2. A key switch is provided at each shutter for manual operation. doors 2 hour separation. 1 ½ hr. doors 2 hour separation. 1 ½ hr. doors 2 hour separation. Mechanical supply and exhaust system risers will be provided with motorized fire and smoke dampers to control fire and smoke movement between floors. doors 3 hour separation. doors 2 hour separation. 1 ½ hr. doors 2 hour separation. doors. 2 hour separation. If provided. 1 ½ hr. 1 ½ hr. A 2-hour rated chute termination room is provided at the bottom (collection point) of each chute (Level G for linen.2: Hazardous and Special Use Area Requirements ROOM OR SPACE Parking Garages & loading dock REQUIREMENTS 2-hour separation. These dampers will be tied to the fire alarm system to close on non-fire floors when a fire is detected. Maintenance shops Emergency Generator Rooms Fuel Day Tank Rooms for Emergency Generators Fire Command Center Fire Pump Rooms Emergency Pressurization & Smoke Exhaust Fan Rooms DEWA Transformer Rooms DEWA RMU Rooms Owner Transformer. DEWA 11 kV Riser Trash Chute/Linen Chute Trash Chute/Linen Chute Access Rooms 1 hour separation. 1 ½ hr. The ramps will be provided with fire rated shutters at each level to maintain the required fire separation between parking levels. doors . 1 ½ hr. 1 ½ hr. 3 hr. enclosed private garages within the parking areas are not separated from adjacent public parking. UAE Page 21 14 September 2005 Linen and trash chute access rooms at each level are provided with 2-hour fire rated construction with 1 1/2 hour rated fire doors. 1 ½ hr. doors 2 hour shaft enclosure. doors 0 hour (sprinklered) . 1 ½ hr. 45 min. Security & IT . including: Electrical Closet Emergency Electrical Closet IT Closet Security Closet Building Automation Closet Other MEP rooms with electrical risers connecting less than 3 stories. 45 min. doors 1 hour separation. doors 1 hour separation. doors 2 hour separation. 1 ½ hr. 1 ½ hr. 1 ½ hr. doors 2 hour separation. including: Electrical Closet Emergency Electrical Closet IT Closet Security Closet Building Automation Closet Other Page 22 14 September 2005 2 hour separation.unoccupied critical equipment rooms without sprinkler protection. doors 2 hour separation. 45 min. doors 2 hour separation. doors 2 hour separation. doors 2 hour separation. MEP rooms with electrical risers connecting 3 stories or more. 1 ½ hr. 1 ½ hr. UAE Trash Chute/Linen Chute Termination Rooms Storage Rooms MDF Rooms BMS.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. 45 min. 1 ½ hr. doors 1 hour separation. doors 1 hour separation. doors 2 Hour separation. 45 min. doors 1 hour separation. 1 ½ hr. 1 ½ hr. doors 0 hour (sprinklered) 2 hour separation. cooling it in a fire. UAE 2. These floor openings are designed with appropriate fire rated separations so that no more than two levels are open to each other. In other locations.3 Separation of Atrium Spaces Code Requirements Page 23 14 September 2005 The IBC code identifies atriums as floor openings that connect 2 or more floors without providing the fire separation enclosure required for shafts. a UL tested glass wall assembly protected with specially designed sprinklers will be used to provide a 2-hour separation. Fire shutters are utilized in several locations to protect floor openings. including level 3 at the center core area and at the restaurant stair and glass elevator enclosure.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI.2 of this report. relying instead on passive barriers to control smoke movement between levels. Smoke exhaust is provided as an enhancement in large public assembly spaces associated with the hotel as described in Section 6. Glass panels are limited to 3. Proposed Design The Tower design includes multiple floor openings connecting building entrances and amenities on levels Concourse through 3. Atriums connecting 3 or more floors are required to have atrium smoke exhaust systems. The assembly consists of tempered or laminated glass panels with specially designed sprinklers designed to wet the glass.9 meters in height and are not allowed to have intermediate horizontal mullions that interrupt the flow of water on the glass. Purpose To minimize the potential for a smoke generated by a fire within the atrium to spread to adjacent areas and also to assist the atrium smoke control system by containing the smoke to the atrium space. This strategy allows these areas to be constructed without active smoke management systems. . All interconnected levels are protected with automatic sprinklers. By limiting the types of materials used in typically occupied spaces. Hotel function spaces located within the architectural glass elements are limited to Class A finishes to control combustibles within these spaces. Interior wall and ceiling finish materials are grouped into classifications based upon their flame spread and smoke development indexes. The following is how the classifications are defined: Class A: Flame Spread 0-25.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. The following is how the classifications are defined: Class I: 0. This section pertains to both wall and floor finish materials. the fire protection systems installed are able to suppress fire scenarios more quickly. Purpose The intent of these requirements is to protect occupants from rapid fire spread due to the presence of highly combustible materials in the event of a fire scenario. These classifications are made in accordance with NFPA 253. These indexes are based upon the ASTM E84 test for interior finish materials. Class II materials in these buildings are allowed to reduce to passing the DOC FF-1 “pill test”.1 identifies the minimum interior finish requirements by occupancy.22 watts/cm2 or greater Materials in buildings protected throughout with automatic sprinkler protection are allowed to reduce from Class I to Class II. . UAE Section 3: Interior Finish Code Requirement Page 24 14 September 2005 This section of the code stipulates the minimum classifications for materials to be used as finishes within the building. Table 3. Smoke Developed 0-450 Class B: Flame Spread 26-75. Proposed Design The interior wall. Smoke Developed 0-450 Interior floor finish materials are also classified into groups.45 watts/cm2 or greater Class II: 0. ceiling and floor finishes for the Tower and Office Annex are specified to meet the requirements of the IBC and test standards listed above. Smoke Developed 0-450 Class C: Flame Spread 76-200. UAE Table 3. .FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI.1 – Interior Finish Requirements Page 25 14 September 2005 Occupancy Vertical Exits and Exit Passageways Class B Class B Exit Access Corridors and Other Exitways Class B Class C Rooms and Enclosed Spaces Class C Class C Floor Finish and Floor Coverings DOC FF-1 DOC FF-1 Assembly Business and Transient Residential Permanent Residential Storage Atriums Class C Class C NA Class C Class C NA Class C Class C Class B DOC FF-1 DOC FF-1 NA NA – denotes areas where requirements are not applicable to the room or space. allowing evacuation of occupants. 4.2. Sprinklers will keep the fire localized to a portion of the facility and serve to reduce smoke and heat development.3. • Proposed Design Exiting from the Tower and Office Annex is designed in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 101 as documented in Tables 4. occupants await further instruction from fire fighters or trained building personnel. the exiting strategy for the Burj Dubai tower is based on evacuating only building occupants on floors close to a fire rather than evacuation the whole building. Tables 4. and arrangement of exits from the facility. The fire protection approach must include measures for control of fire growth and smoke spread to maintain tenability of exits and area of refuge. and 4.2. . If necessary.1. 4. and 4.1 Exit Capacities and Arrangement Code Requirements Page 26 14 September 2005 This section of the code prescribes requirements for the size.3 identify the exiting requirements to which the building will be designed. Appropriate protective measures are in place to minimize the need to evacuate the entire building due to a fire. Because of the towers height. Occupants exit to protected safe areas in the building. they can continue evacuation down the tower via exit stairs.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. This coverage will help maintain tenable conditions for longer periods of time.1. occupants of the fire floor and one floor above and below evacuate using the stairs to the next area of refuge below their floor. In the event of a fire. Once in the area of refuge. Purpose These code provisions are designed to evacuate building occupants to a safe area (area of refuge) remote from the effects of a fire. The primary means of occupant evacuation is by way of protected exit stairs leading to areas of refuge within the building. Automatic Sprinklers – Complete automatic sprinkler coverage is being provided throughout the entire building. Life Safety Code. Additional Factors Considered • Building Height – The additional building height is a factor in evacuating building occupants in that they are further from the grade level. This facility has been designed to meet the exiting requirements indicated in NFPA 101. location. UAE Section 4: Egress Considerations 4. Corridors on other levels are not fire rated.) per occupant. except stairs at level 138 due to size limitations. Stairs that are normally locked to prevent unauthorized entry to residential or office floors will automatically unlock upon activation of the fire alarm system and can be manually unlocked from the Fire Command Centers. Access to the areas of refuge is limited to exit stairs and exit passageways. these levels will be used to calculate the required area of refuge. the stairs utilize a “scissors Stair” designed to limit the floor area taken up by the stairs. In the tower. . Exiting from all levels above grade is through 2-hour fire rated exit stairs.24 square meters (3 s. At the top of the tower the area of each floor is small. Areas of refuge are enclosed in the same way as exit stairs with 2-hour fire rated construction. The third stair discharges on Level 1 with access through a protected corridor to the exterior. The stairs are designed to meet all code requirements. 111 and 138. Two of the tower exit stairs lead to the exterior of the building through protected exit passageways at the Ground Level. 75.14 meters (30 feet) below the Concourse Level (The Concourse level is the lowest level of fire department access to the building) are designed as pressurized stairs with mechanical pressurization of the stair shaft to inhibit smoke migration into the stairs.8 meters (75 feet) above or 9. 3. Non-metallic pipe is separated by 2-hour construction. Therefore. Areas of Refuge are designed to allow evacuating occupants to go to a safe area to wait until further evacuation instructions are received. 2. Within the unoccupied spire space. Ducts passing through the areas of refuge that serve other areas are separated by 2-hour construction – either 2-hour rated duct construction or 2-hour shaft construction enclosing the ducts. Each area of refuge is designed to accommodate the population evacuation from any three adjacent floors within the zone above the area of refuge based on an area of . The areas of refuge are enclosed with 2-hour fire rated construction and provided with mechanical pressurization to minimize the potential for smoke to migrate into these areas. A third exit stair is provided from Level 75 to grade.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. UAE Page 27 14 September 2005 Evacuation from each residential floor is through 1-hour rated exit access corridors. Areas of refuge also subdivide the stair shafts vertically to reduce the potential for smoke spread through the stairs due to the buildings stack effect. Mechanical rooms and storage rooms do not open into areas of refuge. For zones containing public assembly occupancies. two exit stairs are provided from Level 161 down to Level 76. The following additional features are incorporated into the design: 1. Tower exit stairs lead to areas of refuge located on levels 42. a single ship’s ladder is used to provide access to equipment in the spire. All exit stairs that serve floors 22.f. Each stair is provided with a separate area of refuge. elevator controls allow fire brigade personnel or trained security personnel to operate designated elevators. OB1. Designated elevators are designed with a “lifeboat evacuation” mode that allows them to be used as an additional means of evacuating building occupants under certain emergency scenarios.2) will be available as well as the two fire fighters elevators (BS1/F up to level 138.3. Under both normal power and emergency power conditions. Once in the area of refuge. BS2/F up to level 108). The number of occupants allowed to use the observation level (124) and the private lounge level (122) is limited to 292 occupants on each level based on the capacity of the exit stairs at these levels (1120mm wide stair / 7. and exit capacity of the various exit components is designed in accordance with Table 4.62mm/occupant x 2 stairs = 292 occupants). The occupant load of the building is determined by dividing the floor area assigned to a specific use by the occupant load factors set forth in the building code for that use. The number. R4. 76. Once building management has established that it is safe to begin this evacuation procedure.3. Appropriate protective measures are in place to minimize the need to evacuate the entire building due to a fire. Hotel function spaces on the Concourse through Level 3 are designed based on occupant loads required in the code.6.2. occupants can be directed to an alternate stair. Both stairs are pressurized as required for high-rise buildings. occupants await further instruction from fire fighters or trained building personnel. These occupant limits will be posted on each of these floors. The primary means of evacuation from the areas of refuge is for occupants to continue evacuation down the tower via protected exit stairs. elevators under the control of trained operators can be used to effect a total building evacuation. The egress design is based on using both exit stairs and horizontal exits to provide adequate egress for all occupants of this level. Occupant loads for each occupancy is calculated in accordance with the load factors in Table 4. Directional signage is provided to facilitate occupant notification and direct occupants to alternate stairs. One of the stair enclosures will discharge .FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. shuttling occupants from designated staging areas (sky lobbies on levels 43. all passenger shuttle elevators (R1. The office annex is provided with two 2-hour fire rated exit stairs. 123/124) to the primary return floor . Elevators would be used only as part of an established evacuation procedure. minimum dimensions. Areas of refuge at each level are interconnected by fire rated corridors so that in the event that a stair is blocked below an area of refuge. occupants of the fire floor and one floor above and below evacuate using the stairs to the next area of refuge below their floor. however. Exit stairs utilize a double helix design that allows us to double the capacity of the exits by designing two stairs within each shaft. Level 3 is used primarily for public assembly functions including restaurants and meeting rooms. Both stairs are accessible from every above grade level of the office building.1.5. Other emergency scenarios. Under this arrangement. may require full evacuation of the building. UAE Page 28 14 September 2005 In the event of a fire. 7 of NFPA 101 requires two exits if the unit exceeds 185 square meters (2. All rooms and spaces having more than 50 occupants are designed to have at least two exits.000 occupants have at least four exits.813 m (32 in) of clear width Exit Width Minimum Exit Width Note 1 For hotel guest rooms and service apartments . and common paths of travel identified in the table are not exceeded. Spaces or floors with more than 1. At least two exits are accessible from every floor. the exit discharge of these stairs are designed to accommodate the largest single floor occupant load from an above grade floor plus the load from a below grade floor.12 m (44 in) Doors: 0.1 – General Exit Requirements EXIT ELEMENT Number of Exits CODE REQUIREMENT Minimum of two exits from every room or space with an occupant load greater than 50.12 m (44 in) Stairs: 1. dead ends.6 mm (0. Corridor and door: 5.0 mm (0. UAE Page 29 14 September 2005 directly to the exterior of the building through a protected exit passageway. Where two or more exits are required from a floor or room.2. In some cases.3 in) per occupant Corridors: 1.5. Exits are arranged such that the maximum travel distances. these exit stairs correspond to the exit stairs serving the above grade levels. In these instances where convergence of occupants from above and below is possible. Access to exit stairs from each upper and lower level is arranged in accordance with the code requirements identified in Table 4.000 square feet) in area.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI.2 in) per occupant Stairs: 7.1. at least two exits will be separated in accordance with code requirements (exits are no closer to each other than 1/3 of the largest dimension of the area that they serve) so that a fire near one exit will not render both exits inaccessible to occupants. The second exit stair discharges into the main entrance lobby. Occupant load between 500 and 1000: minimum of 3 exits Occupant load of >1000: minimum of 4 exits. Exiting from all levels below grade is also through 2-hour fire rated exit stairs.Section 28. allowing occupants to exit through the main doors. Spaces or floors having occupant loads greater than 500 have three exits.2 for each specific occupancy. . Table 4. See Note 1 for requirements within hotel and residential units. 4 m (300 ft) 15.5 m (100 ft) 61 m (200 ft) 15.Section 30.2 m (50 ft) 15.Exiting Requirements by Occupancy Classification OCCUPANCY Assembly Travel Distance Maximum Dead End Corridor Common Path of Travel Business Travel Distance Maximum Dead End Corridor Common Path of Travel Transient Residential Travel Distance Maximum Dead End Corridor Common Path of Travel Permanent Residential Travel Distance Maximum Dead End Corridor Common Path of Travel Storage & Mechanical Travel Distance Maximum Dead End Corridor Common Path of Travel Parking Travel Distance Maximum Dead End Corridor Common Path of Travel CODE REQUIREMENT 76.5 m (100 ft) 30.2 m (250 ft) 6.2.2 m (50 ft) 30.2 m (50 ft) within corridor to nearest exit 61 m (200 ft) 30. Table 4. Unit size is not limited as long as the travel distance requirement within the unit is met.2 m (50 ft) within corridor to nearest exit 38.1 m (20 ft) 91.2 m (50 ft) 15.1 m (125 ft) within dwelling unit 61 m (200 ft) within corridor to nearest exit 15.2 .1 m (125 ft) within dwelling unit 61 m (200 ft) within corridor to nearest exit 15.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI.2 m (50 ft) .5 of NFPA 101 requires two exits where the travel distance from the most remote point within the unit to the unit door exceeds 38.1 meters (125 feet).1.2 m (50 ft) 15.5 m (100 ft) 38. UAE Page 30 14 September 2005 For residential units .1 m (20 ft) 6. 3 m² (100 ft²) gross per occupant 9.4 m² (15 ft²) net per occupant 1.6 m² (50 ft²) gross per occupant 4. .1.4 m² (15 ft²) net per occupant 1. Convention Center Observatory Lobbies and Lounges Restaurants Meeting and Break Rooms Exercise Rooms without Equipment Exercise Rooms with Equipment Swimming Pools Swimming Pool Decks Circulation Kitchen Offices Transient & Permanent Residential Areas Storage areas including Parking Retail – at Hotel Lobby Level Retail – other levels Utility (mechanical.6 m² (50 ft²) gross per occupant 2.9 m² (300 ft²) gross per occupant 2.8 m² (30 ft²) gross per occupant 5.4 m² (15 ft²) gross per occupant 4.6 m² (60 ft²) gross per occupant 27.8 m² (30 ft²) gross per occupant 9. UAE Page 31 14 September 2005 Table 4.6 m² (200 ft²) gross per occupant 27.Occupant Load Factors OCCUPANCY Queues Ballroom.4 m² (15 ft²) net per occupant 1. central plant) LOAD FACTOR 0.3 m² (100 ft²) gross per occupant 9. electrical.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI.4 m² (15 ft²) net per occupant 1.65 m² (7 ft²) net per occupant 1.3 m² (100 ft²) gross per occupant 18.9 m² (300 ft²) gross per occupant The means of egress are further detailed on the FLS Drawings.3 .4 m² (15 ft²) net per occupant 1. 893 L/min (500 gpm) at 6 bar from each hydrant with two hydrants operating simultaneously. Fire department vehicle access is provided from Burj Dubai Boulevard to the site. Refer to the Fire & Life Safety Site Plan. .000 liter water storage tank is provided to store additional fire fighting water. The fire department is able to access both the southwest (residential lobby) and north (hotel lobby) sides of the building with fire apparatus from the main access road to the building. Water from the tank is pumped to supply outside hydrants. To serve outside hydrants around the building.000 liter water tank within the building for sprinklers and inside hydrants. The system is designed to provide 1.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. Purpose The purpose of this section is to facilitate external fire fighting operations. for fire department access routes and building access points. The design includes at least two hydrants on each side of the building located near fire department vehicle access points and Siamese connections to the building. It is anticipated that most fire fighting operations will occur from inside the building. but fire fighter access directly not the building FCC is not provided along this side at the Concourse Level. Hydrants are located at least 40 feet from the building. Hydrants are located so that no point of the buildings exterior is more than 600 feet from a hydrant. an additional 2. Fire department vehicle access is also available along the southeast side of the building.1 Site Water Supply and Exterior Fire Hydrant Systems Code Requirements Page 32 14 September 2005 Water supplies for both exterior fire hydrant systems and internal fire suppression systems are required to be capable of providing the water pressure and flow characteristics required by the systems being served. Proposed Design Water supply to the building site is provided by gray water mains located along the perimeter of the site. The proposed arrangement should be adequate as the two vehicle accessible sides provide adequate staging areas and access into the building is available on all three sides. Buildings protected throughout by automatic sprinkler systems are required by the International Fire Code to have exterior fire hydrants within 183 m (600 feet) of the site along fire department access roads. Outside hydrants are located on each side of the building as required by the local Dubai Civil Defense Authority. To supplement the public water system. the on-site fire fighting water supply will be provided by 425. Sheet FL010.311. UAE Section 5: Fire Suppression Systems 5. FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI.2 Fire Protection Water Supply Code Requirements Page 33 14 September 2005 This section of the code stipulates requirements for sizing and design of water supplies and fire pumps for interior fire suppression system demands. including the automatic sprinkler and standpipe systems. Comparable Buildings – Comparable high-rise buildings such as the Petronas Towers and the Sears Tower rely on a combination of municipal water supplies and water storage tanks distributed throughout the building to provide a reliable water supply to all area of the building. Additional Factors Considered • Building Height – A reliable water supply is critical to control fire growth in a high-rise building. . within the building is provided by fire suppression system water tanks located at the base of the building. The pumps are connected to the emergency power system for the tower so that they may continue to operate upon loss of normal power to the building. UAE 5. water is delivered to standpipes or sprinklers by gravity and does not need to rely on electric or diesel fire pumps to operate. By providing water tanks above each fire protection zone. The water supply serving interior fire suppression systems is capable of providing the required water pressure and flow for a prescribed duration. This tank is connected to the inside fire protection water supply system and sized to supply the fire protection water demand for a minimum of 2 hours. A series of pumps is used to fill the water storage tanks. The high elevations to which water must be supplied for interior standpipe and suppression systems makes a properly sized and reliable water supply a necessity to provide adequate water pressure and flow to all systems. The primary water tank is located in the B2 parking garage level. Purpose The purpose of these provisions is to provide an adequate water supply for automatic and manual fire fighting purposes within the building. The pumps operate automatically upon depletion of water in a tank. Fire pumps are provided on level 139 to supply adequate water pressure to supply levels 130 to the top of the building. • Proposed Design The water supply for fire protection systems. These tanks are sized to meet fire protection water demand for 30 minutes. at Level 139 and at several intermediate levels of the building. This arrangement was selected because of its simplicity and reliability. Secondary water tanks are provided at intermediate levels of the building and provide water to vertical zones within the building. 3 Standpipe Systems (Inside Hydrants) Code Requirement Page 34 14 September 2005 This section of the code outlines the requirements for sizing and location of standpipe outlets for fire fighting purposes based on IBC & NFPA 14.7 bar (300 psi). • Proposed Design The Tower contains a wet standpipe system consisting of water supply tanks. Codes permit standpipe design to take into account the presence of an automatic sprinkler system. The office annex is also equipped with a standpipe system including standpipe cabinets with hose outlets and occupant hose outside each exit stair at every level and as needed to cover all areas.5 bar (65 psi) and 20. For lower levels of the tower having larger floor areas. additional standpipes are provided so that a fire hose connected to the standpipe outlet can reach all areas of each floor. All standpipes in a vertical zone are interconnected at the point of supply for the zone. vertical risers in each stair and standpipe cabinets with fire fighting hose outlets and 30 mm occupant use hose reels located outside each exit stairway on all levels and at horizontal exit doors.3. and fittings for each zone are specified for the maximum design pressure of the system.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. Comparable Buildings – All modern high-rise buildings are equipped with automatic standpipe systems and automatic sprinkler systems as part of their protection strategy.S. serving both standpipe outlets and the Annex sprinkler system. Two standpipes serving each floor in the Tower also serve as the sprinkler system risers. Standpipes in the tower are zoned vertically to regulate operating pressures at each level between 4. The standpipes are connected to the fire protection water supply system discussed in the previous section of this report.1 below outlines specific requirements. Piping. Table 5. Additional Factors Considered • • Suppression Systems – The presence of automatic sprinkler systems should be considered when identifying passive suppression system requirements. Purpose The purpose of these provisions is to provide an adequate and reliable interior fire fighting system for use by fire service personnel. Codes and other international standards require standpipe systems in large area buildings where distance from fire department access is excessive. . Other Codes – U. UAE 5. One of the standpipes is a combination riser. valves. As necessary such that all portions of each floor are within 200 feet of an outlet. All standpipes shall be interconnected at the point where the water supply for the zone is located.1 m (30 feet) below fire department vehicle access. Automatic wet standpipe system. When the standpipe system is combined with the building automatic sprinkler system.000 gpm) total for the standpipe system. the standpipe water demand is permitted to also serve the sprinkler system. 1. Minimum residual pressure of 4.785 L/min (1.5 bar pending city approval (65 psi) required at hydraulically most remote standpipe hose outlet. Shall be provided for the lower sprinkler and standpipe zone in the building because each vertical zone is interconnected.1 m (30 ft) above fire department vehicle access or the lowest floor level is more than 9.893 L/min (500 gpm) for the most remote standpipe with an additional 946 L/min (250 gpm) for each additional standpipe to a maximum of 3. Type of System Water Demand Water Pressure Interconnection of Supply Combined Automatic Sprinkler and Standpipe Demand Standpipe Riser Standpipe Outlets Location of Standpipe Outlets Fire Department Connections . On each side of a horizontal exit. whereby the water supply provides water to the system immediately. UAE Page 35 14 September 2005 Table 5. Minimum 152 mm (6 in) in diameter Per local requirements.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI.3. fire department valve and occupant use hose reel Outside every exit stairway at each level.1 – Standpipe System Requirements STANDPIPE SYSTEM ELEMENT Standpipe System CODE REQUIREMENT Required where the height of the highest floor level of a building is more than 9. ” . exit access corridors. and an inspector’s test connection connected to a drain riser in the stair. Quick response sprinklers are specified in all residential areas of the building. Each tower floor is considered a single zone to be annunciated separately at the fire command center.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. The supply relies on gravity to maintain the required water pressure and flow to feed sprinkler systems. valves. and design areas are based on the 2002 edition of NFPA 13. • Proposed Design The water storage tanks provide the primary water supply for the automatic sprinkler systems. a water flow switch. The sprinklers in the tower are fed from two sprinkler and standpipe risers. Hazard classifications of the occupancies. and Sears Tower. including the Jin Mao Building. Sprinkler systems are zoned vertically in the same manner as the standpipe systems. A sprinkler control station is provided at each floor where each system connects to the sprinkler riser. NFPA 13 prescribes sprinkler system design details. design densities. reducing fire growth and smoke development. making control of a fire incident essential. A reliable sprinkler system is a key element in fire and life safety. The larger floor areas of the podium and parking levels have multiple zones on each floor so that no sprinkler zone exceeds 4.7 bar (300 psi). Comparable Buildings – The sprinkler system for the Burj Dubai project is similar to the systems provided in other high-rise buildings. assembly spaces without a significant combustible fuel load. and fittings for each zone are rated for the maximum design pressure of the system.1.4 Automatic Sprinkler Systems Code Requirements Page 36 14 September 2005 High-rise buildings are required by the IBC to be protected throughout by an automatic sprinkler system. The vertical zones are designed to maintain operating system pressures at each level 20. Petronas Towers. and other areas identified as “light hazard. Purpose The purpose of automatic sprinkler protection for high-rise buildings is to control the growth and spread of fire to provide increased protection to occupants and the building structure.” Quick response sprinklers are intended to activate sooner than ordinary sprinklers in the event of a fire. office spaces.4. The control station includes an indicating control valve.000 ft²). “Standard for the Design of Automatic Sprinkler Systems. Piping. Additional Factors Considered • Building Height – The height of the Burj Dubai tower means that many occupants of the building are not able to exit the building quickly. UAE 5. Sprinkler design densities and areas are identified for the different occupancy areas within the building in Table 5.831 m² (52. 11 6. fire alarm call points and speaker/strobes for maintenance staff working on equipment in the spire space. Both the IBC and the associated ANSI Standard related to elevators require automatic sprinklers at the top of elevator hoistways for elevator shafts that are not provided with smoke venting.1 – Sprinkler System Design Criteria Occupancy Residential Dwelling Units Exit Access Corridors Lobbies Offices Restaurant/Club Seating Observatory Restaurant Seating Restaurant Service Areas Ball Room Retail Meeting Rooms Commercial Kitchen Storage Parking Garage Design Density (mm/min) 4.10 4.10 4.10 (see Note 1) 4.15 Design Area (m²) 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 Note 1: Residential dwelling units are provided with residential fast response sprinklers.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. UAE Page 37 14 September 2005 Table 5.10 4. The architectural spire located above level 161 is an unoccupied space. hydraulic design is based on 4 sprinklers.11 8. Service spots are provided periodically in the spire with fire extinguishers. This area of the design is still being refined. A man lift and open access stair is provided to equipment levels. The second area where sprinklers are not anticipated is the architectural glass enclosures located at the residential and hotel entries.4.3.10 6. Per NFPA 13 – Sec. but is not occupied except for periodic maintenance to equipment and lights. There are a few isolated low hazard areas that are not protected with sprinklers because they do not contain significant quantities of combustibles.5.10 4. Smoke venting of the hoistways is not provided for this building because of the adverse effects that this venting would have on . These spaces contain minimal combustibles and are high enough that sprinklers are not needed.11 6.11 6. The space is enclosed by the structural framing and curtain wall enclosure at the top of the building. 11.11 6.15 8.2.10 4. sprinklers are provided in lieu of venting. Linen Chute. Hotel Boiler Room. Hotel Laundry. Trash Chute. In this application. 400V Switchgear Rooms – Concourse and Tower . Exhibit Space. Kitchens. Storage Rooms.4. 2-hour fire resistance rated enclosure and system smoke detectors Wet pipe automatic sprinkler system. Hotel Lobby. 2hour fire resistance rated enclosure and system smoke detectors Owner 11kV Transformer Rooms – Concourse & Tower. Corridor/Elevator Lobbies. Business Center.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. Health Club/Fitness Areas. 11kV Riser Closets. PROPOSED PROTECTION METHOD Wet-pipe automatic sprinkler system. Retail.2 below identifies the proposed fire protection methods for the different areas of the building. UAE Page 38 14 September 2005 stack effect within the building. System heat detectors for pre-action initiation and elevator power cut-off 2-hour fire resistance rated enclosure and system smoke detectors.2: Proposed Fire Protection Methods ROOM/SPACE Mechanical Rooms. Where rooms also contain 11kV equipment. Loading Dock. Elevator Machine Rooms & hoistways. Hotel Service Apartments. and smoke system detectors / smoke alarms DEWA RMU/Transformer Room – Concourse Level Pre-action automatic sprinkler system. Residential Apartments. Ballroom. Trash Compactor. Parking Garage Areas. Table 5. Food Services. Mail Room. System smoke detectors for elevator recall. Areas of Refuge. Observation Levels and all other occupied areas. Table 5.4. Laundry. Office. Hotel Guest Rooms. Restaurants/Bars. Several areas of the building are protected by special suppression systems or automatic smoke detection because of the presence of specialized electrical or other equipment. Washrooms. FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI, UAE ROOM/SPACE BMS, Security & IT – 24 hour occupied critical control and equipment rooms. Page 39 14 September 2005 PROPOSED PROTECTION METHOD VESDA type smoke detection, heat detectors & Pre-action automatic sprinkler system VESDA type smoke detection, heat detectors & Novec 1230 gaseous fire suppression system. Pre-action automatic sprinkler system and heat detectors Wet-pipe automatic sprinkler system and heat detectors Wet-pipe automatic sprinkler system and heat detectors Wet-pipe automatic sprinkler system and heat detectors Wet-pipe automatic sprinkler system and heat detectors Wet pipe automatic sprinkler system and heat detectors Wet pipe automatic sprinkler system and heat detectors Wet pipe automatic sprinkler system and heat detectors Wet pipe automatic sprinkler system and heat detectors BMS, Security & IT - unoccupied critical equipment rooms. Emergency Generator Room Typical Floor Electrical Rooms Typical Floor Emergency Electrical Closets Typical Floor IT Rooms Telecom - Incoming IT room Gas meter room Cooling heat exchanger rooms – residential & hotel Gas water heater rooms – residential & hotel Pump room Commercial cooking equipment will be protected approved grease removal systems including approved UV-C hoods, exhaust fans, filters and odor treatment where required. Kitchen commercial cooking equipment protection is specified to meet UL300 requirements or equivalent. The B2 interstitial space will be unoccupied and will not be protected with automatic sprinklers nor system smoke detectors. FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI, UAE Section 6: Smoke Management Systems 6.1 Stair Pressurization System Code Requirements Page 40 14 September 2005 The code requires exit stair enclosures in buildings with floor levels greater than 22.9 m (75 ft) above grade or greater than 9.1 m (30 ft) below grade to be equipped with stair pressurization smoke systems. The stair enclosures are required to be pressurized to a minimum of 37 Pa (0.15 in of H20) and a maximum of 87 Pa (0.35 in of H20) with respect to other areas of the building. Grade is defined as the lowest level of fire department access. For this project, grade is taken to be the Concourse Level. Purpose To maintain the exit stairways free of smoke and other products of combustion to provide a tenable environment in which occupants may safely exit the building. Additional Factors Considered • • Other Codes – NFPA 92A, “Guide for Smoke Control Systems”; ASHRAE, “Principles of Smoke Management” Comparable Buildings – The Petronas Towers provides pressurization for the exit stair enclosures. Proposed Design For the entire building, the lowest level of fire department access is taken as the Concourse level. This level is accessible to fire fighting personnel on two sides. All exit stairs serving the 4th floor or above pressurized stairs in accordance with the code. All pressurized stairs are pressurized to a minimum of 37 Pa (0.15 in of H20) and a maximum of 87 Pa (0.35 in of H20). This design criteria is based on maintain these pressures with three stair doors open. Because of the extended height of the exit stairs in the Tower, the stairs are vertically zoned so that one pressurization fan does not serve more than 20 stories of stair enclosure. Each pressurization zone has fans located in a mechanical equipment room and supplying a vertical shaft located adjacent to the exit stair enclosure with openings into the stair located every three stories. The zoned pressurization system is activated by smoke detectors located outside each pressurized stair at each level, area smoke detectors, sprinkler waterflow switches, or other automatic detection devices within the areas served by the stair. FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI, UAE 6.2 Hotel Amenity Levels Smoke Exhaust Systems Code Requirements Page 41 14 September 2005 The code requires that atriums that connect three or more levels be provided with a smoke management system capable of maintaining the smoke layer from a fire at least 3.05 m (10 ft) above the highest walking surface open to the atrium environment. Atriums that connect only two levels are not required to have smoke exhaust. There is no code requirement for separate smoke exhaust of these areas. Purpose Where multiple levels are interconnected, to provide a tenable environment for building occupants by maintaining the atrium areas relatively free of smoke and other products of combustion until all occupants have been evacuated and to facilitate fire fighting operations be venting hot gases from the atrium space. Additional Factors Considered • Other Codes – NFPA 92B, “Guide for Smoke Management Systems in Malls, Atria, and Large Areas”; ASHRAE, “Principles of Smoke Management” Proposed Design At this time, all atriums are designed connecting only two levels. Therefore, the current design is not required to have atrium smoke exhaust. The design of the hotel amenity floors has been refined to incorporate 2-hour fire rated sprinkler protected glass or with 2 hour fire rated shutters limiting unenclosed floor connections in all cases to two floors. This strategy eliminates the code requirement to provide smoke exhaust for these areas because the fire rated barriers effectively limit smoke spread. Smoke exhaust is provided as an enhancement for large public assembly spaces – ballroom and meeting rooms – associated with the hotel. Although not a code requirement, many large hotel chains include smoke exhaust for major public assembly spaces as part of their design standards. These systems are included to accommodate future hotel operator requirements. These smoke exhaust fans are activated by automatic sprinklers in these areas. ASHRAE. Petronas Towers. UAE 6. the use of an elevator by the fire department will be necessary for fire events in the higher levels of the building.15 in of H20). All elevators used for fire fighter access are provided with 2hour fire rated vestibules on each level. Other Codes – NFPA 92A. This is being provided as an enhancement feature of the building Purpose To provide a protected means for fire department personnel to reach the higher elevations of the building in the event of a fire. The pressurized vestibule provides a protected area for fire department operations. “Principles of Smoke Management” Comparable Buildings – The Jin Mao Building. Additional Factors Considered • Building Height – Due to the height of the building. “Guide for Smoke Control Systems”. .FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. Refer to the Fire & Life Safety drawings for the location of the fire fighter’s elevators. The fire fighters elevator vestibules are pressurized mechanically to impede smoke migration into the vestibule & elevator. The system is activated by sprinkler waterflow alarms in the areas served and by smoke detectors within each vestibule. • • Proposed Design The tower is provided with two elevators dedicated for fire department use serving the concourse Level up to Level 111 in the building. One continues up to level 138 where a protected transfer lobby is provided and a third fire department elevator provides access to levels 139 through 160. The system is designed to automatically pressurize the elevator vestibules on three floors – the floor of fire alarm and a single floor above and below the alarm floor. John Hancock Center. Two additional elevators provide fire department access to levels B1 & B2. and Sears Tower all incorporate at least one fire fighter’s elevator into the life safety design for the building.3 Fire Fighters Elevator Vestibule Pressurization Code Requirements Page 42 14 September 2005 Pressurization of the fire fighter’s elevator and elevator lobby is not required by code. The pressurized vestibule creates an area relatively free of smoke and products of combustion within which firefighters can assemble once they exit the elevator. The system maintains a positive pressure in the vestibules of 37 Pa (0. “Principles of Smoke Management” Comparable Buildings – The Jin Mao Building. The corridor smoke exhaust system operates automatically upon activation of a smoke detector in a residential unit (second sensitivity setting only.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. tower office and residential floors of the building. for 1 hour. Petronas Towers. The corridor smoke exhaust system is also equipped with manual controls at the building fire command center for fire department use. Smoke exhaust fans are rated for 300º C. ASHRAE. subsection 3 of this report). The floor smoke exhaust system will be provided as an enhancement to the building design to provide additional protection to building occupants and to responding firefighters. See Section 7. The system exhausts smoke from the fire floor at a rate of approximately 10 air changes per hour. Additional Factors Considered • Building Height – Due to the height of the building. and Sears Tower all have provisions for smoke control on the floor of fire incident. . or a sprinkler waterflow switch on the floor. “Guide for Smoke Control Systems”. • • Proposed Design The Burj Dubai tower incorporates a corridor smoke exhaust system for all hotel. Other Codes – NFPA 92A. John Hancock Center. UAE 6. The corridor exhaust is intended to limit smoke movement beyond the floor of origination. Corridor exhaust fans are temperature rated to withstand the anticipated smoke temperature from a fire in the corridor. smoke detectors in the corridor only. The corridor exhaust system and the stair pressurization systems provide pressure differentials between the corridors and the exit stairs to reduce the movement of smoke into the stairs. Purpose The purpose of the smoke exhaust system is to reduce smoke propagation from the floor on which the fire originates to other floors. This provides increased protection to occupants exiting nearby floors as well as creating an environment in which emergency response personnel can operate effectively.4 Corridor Smoke Exhaust System Code Requirements Page 43 14 September 2005 The code does not require smoke exhaust for floors of a high-rise building. a system for exhausting the smoke and products of combustion from the fire floor may be useful to maintaining tenable conditions on that floor and adjacent floor. This exhaust system can also assist the fire department during fire fighting procedures by reducing the smoke effects on the fire floor. FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. UAE 6. If provided. supplementary fans will be provided at the ceiling of the garage level to assist in moving the air from potential dead air spaces. The ventilation system is not required to operate continuously when the system is designed to operate automatically upon detection of a carbon monoxide concentration of 25 parts per million (ppm). Proposed Design The garage ventilation system provides 27. either mechanically with local exhaust fans or naturally with ventilation openings into the adjacent public garage space. Purpose To maintain a tenable environment in the parking garage levels for occupants of the space. with fresh air being supplied to the garage along certain sides of the garage perimeter and exhausted at opposite sides of the perimeter. Parking garage exhaust fans are temperature rated for 300º C. The garage levels may include several private. A supplementary “fan jet” system designed to control air movement within the garage is currently being reviewed. for 1 hour to withstand the anticipated smoke temperature from a fire in the garage. each of these will be ventilated. The ventilation system is based on the principal of a sweep system. as required by the code. The ventilation and exhaust system will serve to remove smoke from the garage levels to promote safe egress as well as assist fire department personnel in fire fighting procedures. In areas where this air flow may be interrupted by walls or other obstructions. enclosed garages.4 M3/Hr/M2 . The system will promote tenability from both carbon monoxide and from smoke generated from a fire in the space. The intent is to create a continuous airflow through the garage from the supply areas to the exhaust areas. .5 Parking Garage Ventilation and Exhaust Code Requirements Page 44 14 September 2005 The code requires enclosed parking garages to be equipped with a mechanical ventilation system capable of a minimum of 10 air changes per hour. The parking garage exhaust system is activated by carbon monoxide detectors and by sprinkler waterflow switches within the parking levels. UAE Section 7: Electrical Systems 7. The building is designed with a secondary source of power using emergency diesel generators to serve all emergency. These secondary sources take many forms including batteries and emergency generators. alarm and voice communication systems fire alarm control center. Systems connected to the emergency generator systems will include: • • • • • • • • • fire detection. fire protection. The total capacity of fuel tanks within the main generator room is not limited when the room is provided with 3-hour enclosure and with spill containment. Purpose These provisions are intended to provide an adequate backup power supply source for the facility fire and life safety systems in order for the building occupants to evacuate the facility and provide the necessary firefighter rescue operations. including command center lighting. The diesel fuel supply for the generators is capable of providing power to all connected systems for a period of at least 8 hours. power and cooling security systems. Additional Factors Considered • Comparable Buildings – High-rise buildings incorporate methods for providing reliable sources of secondary power for fire and life safety systems. Proposed Design Normal electrical systems for the Burj Dubai project are fed from multiple 11kV feeds from a single DEWA public utility substation. fire command center and fire fighter’s elevator vestibules Elevator cab lighting fire pumps fireman’s elevators smoke control systems . and life safety systems.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. Fire and life safety systems have dedicated circuits via fire rated cable that are physically separated from normal building power circuits. power and cooling Central battery system for egress lighting Standby lighting for selected critical areas including stairs. including lighting.1 Emergency Power Source Code Requirements Page 45 14 September 2005 This section of the code stipulates an independent power supply be provided for critical fire and life safety systems in a fire emergency. Day tanks for each emergency generator are limited to 2500-liter capacity. areas of refuge. security and telephone systems are provided with individual battery backup.emergency retrieval Sewage ejector pumps Jockey pumps Sump pumps Other critical systems and loads In addition to emergency generators.) select elevator machine room cooling the parking garage ventilation system BMS DDC Panels Aircraft obstruction lighting Window washing equipment . .FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. UAE • • • • • • • • • • Page 46 14 September 2005 one passenger elevator per elevator bank (generator is sized for operation of one elevator at a time. voice communications. supervised battery powered electrical systems for egress lighting sized to provide power to all systems for a period of at least 3 hours following loss of primary power and emergency/standby power. Emergency power can be switched to any individual elevator. Fire alarm. Upon failure of a single lighting unit – 2. fire control rooms. Proposed Design Maintained type emergency lighting and exit signs are designed in accordance with British Standard (BS) 5266. restaurant dining. Non-maintained type emergency lighting is provided in accordance with BS 5266 for the physical plant rooms and other spaces as required by code. fire pump rooms. kitchens. The main entrance/exit doors leading to the outside from the buildings lobbies are not provided with exit signs as these doors are readily obvious as exits to the outside. Exit signs are required to be located at emergency exits and exit access doors. For non-emergency illumination of exit stair and corridors: 108 lux in exit stairs. 10. Emergency exits are provided with emergency lighting and directional exit signs. and exit stairways and passageways. Directional exit signs are located above designated exit doors throughout the building. automatic power generator rooms. mechanical equipment rooms. Egress and emergency lights operating on normal power provide minimum light levels required by the IBC.2 lux min. Standby power for the emergency lighting and exit signs is provided by batteries capable of providing continuous power for duration of at least 3 hours. . UAE 7. meeting rooms. Additional Factors Considered • Comparable Buildings – The proposed design will be comparable to similar systems found in other high-rise buildings. Standby power for emergency lighting and evacuation signs is required to provide continuous power for at least 90 minutes. Exit signs are also required to be located such that no point in an exit access corridor is more than 30.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. Emergency lighting is provided in the following areas: fire control room. exit access corridors and elevators. Purpose These requirements are intended to provide sufficient illumination of public areas so that safe occupant evacuation of the facility and firefighting operations may occur.2 Emergency Illumination Code Requirements Page 47 14 September 2005 This section of the code stipulates that emergency lighting be provided in the following locations: enclosed staircases. circulation corridors and lobbies. entry/exit vestibules.5 meters (100 feet) from the nearest visible sign.8 lux in exit corridors & lobbies. corridors and other critical areas.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. and doors. These strips will be adequately charged by the stairway lighting under normal power conditions.5 lux for 1 meter on either side of the centerline. areas of refuge. fire command center and fire fighter’s elevator vestibules. photo luminescent strips will define stairs. UAE Page 48 14 September 2005 A standby power source is provided by means of the buildings generators to maintain these lighting levels in select critical areas including exit stairs. . Within exit stairways.0 lux at the centerline of the egress path 0. landings. a maintained central battery system provides emergency lighting for exit stairs. Lighting levels provided by this system are in accordance with BS 5266 as follows: 1. In addition to the standby power provided by the generators for illumination. components and installation methods. • Purpose These provisions are intended to provide early notification to building occupants of a fire scenario and inform building occupants to evacuate the area accordingly. and a two-way fire department communication system. is used as the basis for specifying all fire alarm system materials. The IBC is the primary code document for the project. Fire department communications system . IBC high-rise provisions (403) and other provisions outline the fire detection and alarm systems required and the overall operating characteristics of these systems. Fire Detection and Alarm Systems for Buildings. In addition to the IBC.prerecorded and live voice zone by floor or fire area. . These provisions will be followed for the following: Automatic fire detection .overall operating characteristics & where specific types of fire detection devices are required including smoke detectors. a one-way voice communication system. is used to as the basis for locating additional fire detectors (smoke & heat detectors) throughout all areas as required to meet an L1 system designation.3 Fire Alarm System Code Requirements Page 49 14 September 2005 The IBC code requires high-rise buildings to be equipped with a fire alarm system that includes fire detection.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI.areas to be covered and overall operating characteristics . Emergency voice/alarm communication . British Standard (BS) 5445.location of communication devices and overall operating characteristics. UAE 7. The Dubai Civil Defense Authority has requested that the fire alarm system be designed to meet British Standards as follows: • British Standard (BS) 5839. heat detectors & pull stations (call points). The two-way fire department communication system is provided to facilitate fire department personnel communication between the fire command center and other strategic areas of the building. Components of Automatic Fire Detection Systems.fire and life safety systems monitored and controlled. Fire Command Center . components and installation methods. components and installation methods. The following British Standards are used as the basis for specifying additional fire detection devices. is used as the basis of design for additional fire detection devices needed to meet an L1 fire alarm system designation. Comparable Buildings – The Jin Mao Building and the Petronas Towers have fire detection and alarm systems and voice communication systems similar to that proposed for the Burj Dubai Building.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI.areas to be covered and overall operating characteristics .fire and life safety systems monitored and controlled. including annunciation of devices and the one and two way voice communication system master controls. The Office Annex is designed with a separate fire command center at the lobby. The main fire alarm control panel. is located in the fire command center on the Ground Level adjacent to the residential lobby. IBC highrise provisions (403) and other provisions outline the fire detection and alarm systems required and the overall operating characteristics of these systems. Emergency voice/alarm communication . • British Standard (BS) 5839.overall operating characteristics & where specific types of fire detection devices are required including smoke detectors. Fire Detection and Alarm Systems for Buildings.prerecorded and live voice zone by floor or fire area. A secondary fire command center is provided on Level 1 near the hotel entrance lobby for fire department use. • Proposed Design The International Building Code is the primary code document for the project. Fire Command Center . These provisions are used for the following: Automatic fire detection . Components of Automatic Fire Detection Systems. system materials. .location of communication devices and overall operating characteristics. British Standard (BS) 5445. UAE Additional Factors Considered • Page 50 14 September 2005 Building Height – The height of the building creates a longer duration for occupants to egress the higher floors. is used as the basis for fire alarm system materials. • The fire alarm system is a fully addressable system with automatic transmission of alarm events to the responding Dubai fire department personnel. heat detectors & call points. A voice communication system will be installed to provide building occupants with notification of an emergency event and to assist in providing information to occupants. Fire department communications system . Activation of the first sensitivity setting initiates a local alarm within the dwelling unit and sends a supervisory signal to the fire command center. The system also includes a manually operated two-way voice communication system for fire department use. Activation of the second sensitivity setting initiates the building fire alarm system and the building alarm notification procedure. Smoke detectors provided in the residential dwelling units are connected to the fire alarm system. UAE Page 51 14 September 2005 The system includes smoke detection in areas required by code including residential dwelling units (hotel. Elevators and exit stairs will be zoned separately so that additional messages can be transmitted to these locations. Visual alarm devices are provided and synchronized on every floor. and private residences). the top of exit stair enclosures and other vertical shafts. The system has manual controls at the fire command center so that live voice messages can be transmitted to the building occupants on a selective basis by floor or over all speakers in the building.3. atriums. The purpose of this procedure within the dwelling units is to minimize the activation of the building fire alarm and notification system from a false alarm in a unit.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. service apartment. Table 7. The system provides the fire department a means of communicating between the master handset in the fire command center and other . electrical rooms) Fire protection water supply system The one-way voice communication system includes audible (speakers) and visual (strobes) alarm notification appliances in all areas of the building. An additional message is automatically transmitted to other floors identifying that an event is occurring in the building along with instructions. at exit doors to the exterior of the building and so that maximum travel distance to a call point is 30 meters based on local requirements. Receipt of an alarm from a detection device or sprinkler waterflow on one of the upper floors automatically activates a digitized voice message through the speakers to the floor in alarm as well as the floor above and below the alarm floor.1 identifies the anticipated locations of the various fire alarm initiating devices. elevator lobbies. These detectors are analog addressable devices capable of providing at least two sensitivity settings. Manual call points are provided outside each door to all exit stairs. The system is designed to monitor and/or control the following fire protection and life safety systems: • • • • • • • • Sprinkler system waterflow and tamper switches Residential smoke detection system Elevator recall system Atrium smoke control system Vestibule pressurization system Stair pressurization system Other fire suppression systems (kitchen hood systems. 3. This system is not part of the fire alarm or voice communication system. Lobby Storage Room Mechanical Room Telephone Closet Linen and Trash Chute Access and Termination Rms. See Note 2. UAE Page 52 14 September 2005 handsets at strategic locations throughout the building. Where exit stairs are normally locked. in each elevator lobby on every floor and in each elevator.1 – Fire Alarm Initiating Device Location Matrix ROOM/AREA AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS SYSTEM SMOKE DETECTOR See Note 1.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. a telephone or other two-way communication system connected to the security office is required every fifth floor inside the stair. See Note 1. PRE-ACTION SMOKE DETECTOR MANUAL CALL POINT (See Note 4) Hotel Room Hotel Residence Private Residence Residential Corridor See Note 3. Elevator Lobby Sky Lobby Service Elevator Lobby Fire Fighter’s Elev. Areas of Refuge Locker Rooms In Termination Rooms . Other Corridor See Note 3. Table 7. Telephone jacks are provided on every floor inside all exit stairway enclosures. FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. UAE ROOM/AREA AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS SYSTEM SMOKE DETECTOR Page 53 14 September 2005 PRE-ACTION SMOKE DETECTOR MANUAL CALL POINT (See Note 4) Exercise Rooms Observatory Restaurant Private Clubs Commercial Kitchens Heat Detector Elevator Machine Room Pre-action Initiate elevator recall Heat detector to initiate preaction system and power cutoff Electrical Closet DEWA Transformer Room DEWA RMU Room Owner 11 kV Transformer Rooms and 11kV Rise Closets 400 V Switchgear Rooms Emergency Generator Room Pre-action Heat detector where open to outside Vesda System Main IT Room & Telecom/incoming IT Room Floor IT Rooms Fire Alarm Panel Rooms . See “Smoke Detector Requirements for Permanent Residential Units” below Note 3.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. . UAE ROOM/AREA AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS SYSTEM SMOKE DETECTOR Page 54 14 September 2005 PRE-ACTION SMOKE DETECTOR MANUAL CALL POINT (See Note 4) BMS/Security Rooms – occupied & unoccupied Linen Chute Trash Chute Top of Elevator Shafts Top of Exit Stairway Entrance to Exit Stairways VESDA System Initiate stair pressurization Exterior Exit Doors Fire Command Center Fire Pump Room Parking Garage CO Detectors Ballroom Loading Dock Heat Detector Retail Spaces Office Spaces Air Handling Systems As required by IMC Note 1. Note 4. See “Smoke Detector Requirements for Transient Residential Units” below Note 2. Additional call points to be located as needed to meet maximum travel distance requirement of 30 m. Smoke detectors to be located at each level outside all pressurized stairs. . UAE Page 55 14 September 2005 Note 5.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. Note 6. Each gatehouse is provided with a local means of detecting fire or smoke (smoke detection) and notifying gatehouse occupants. The interstitial space below level B2 is an unoccupied space and will not be provided with protection. Gate houses are provided at all access points to the project site. . Activation of the first sensitivity setting initiates a local alarm sounding all smoke alarm devices within the residential unit and sends a supervisory signal to the fire command center. Smoke Detector Requirements for Transient Residential Units: Transient residential dwelling units (i. Note 2. UAE Page 56 14 September 2005 Note 1. apartments) are required to have system type smoke detectors installed in the following areas: • • • In each room used for sleeping On the ceiling or wall outside of each separate sleeping area in the immediate vicinity of bedrooms In each story of multi-story dwelling units. Smoke detectors in hotel units are connected to the fire alarm system.. Activation of the second sensitivity setting initiates the building fire alarm system and the building alarm notification procedure. The purpose of this procedure within the dwelling units is to minimize the activation of the building fire alarm and notification system from a false alarm in a unit. These detectors are analog addressable devices capable of providing at least two sensitivity settings. .FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. hotel rooms) are required to have system type smoke detectors in the following areas: • • • In each room used for sleeping In every room in the path of the means of egress from the sleeping area to the corridor door In each story of multi-story dwelling units. In units having split levels with no intervening door between levels.e. Smoke detectors in residential units are connected to the fire alarm system. These detectors are analog addressable devices capable of providing at least two sensitivity settings. Activation of the second sensitivity setting initiates the building fire alarm system and the building alarm notification procedure. Smoke Detector Requirements for Permanent Residential Units: Permanent residential dwelling units (i. a smoke detector is only required on the upper level provided that the lower level is less than one full story below the upper level.e. Activation of the first sensitivity setting initiates a local alarm sounding all smoke alarm devices within the hotel unit and sends a supervisory signal to the fire command center. a smoke detector is only required on the upper level provided that the lower level is less than one full story below the upper level. The purpose of this procedure within the dwelling units is to minimize the activation of the building fire alarm and notification system from a false alarm in a unit. In units having split levels with no intervening door between levels. FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI.3.2 – Fire Alarm Notification Appliance Location Matrix ROOM/AREA SPEAKER (See Note 3) Hotel Room Hotel Residence Private Residence Corridors Elevator Lobby Sky Lobby Service Elevator Lobby Firefighter Elevator Lobby Storage Room Mechanical Room Telephone Closet Linen Chute Access Room Areas of Refuge Locker Rooms Exercise Rooms Observatory Restaurant Private Clubs Commercial Kitchens Elevator Machine Rm STROBE (See Note 3) FIREFIGHTER TELEPHONE See Note 1 See Note 1 See Note 2 . UAE Page 57 14 September 2005 Table 7. UAE ROOM/AREA SPEAKER (See Note 3) Page 58 14 September 2005 STROBE (See Note 3) FIREFIGHTER TELEPHONE Elevator Cabs Electrical Closet DEWA Transformer Room DEWA RMU Room Owner 11 kV Transformer Rooms & 11 kV Riser Closets 400 V Switchgear Emergency Generator Main IT Room Floor IT Rooms BMS/Security Room Linen Chute Trash Chute Top of Vertical Shafts Exit Stairways (every third floor) Fire Pump Room Fire Command Center Parking Garage Ballroom Loading Dock Retail .FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. Visual alarm units are not required in residences. .FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. Audible and visual alarm devices will be provided to alert maintenance staff that may occasionally enter the space to service equipment. UAE ROOM/AREA SPEAKER (See Note 3) Office Washrooms Page 59 14 September 2005 STROBE (See Note 3) FIREFIGHTER TELEPHONE Note 1. Visual alarm units are required in designated handicapped accessible rooms only (approximately 5% of total). Note 4. The interstitial space below level B2 is unoccupied. but each suite must be "capable of supporting visual alarm units" for future installation if required by the unit owner. Note 3. Audible and visual alarms may be needed in spaces not designated in the matrix with audible alarm devices in order to meet minimum audibility requirements of the code. Note 2. Fire-pump status indicators. Schematic building plans indicating the typical floor plan and detailing the building core. means of egress. Status indicators for special fire suppression systems Purpose The fire command center is designed to facilitate interior fire fighting operations. Fire department communications unit. Sprinkler valve and water-flow detector display panels. Annunciator unit visually indicating the location of the elevators and whether or not they are operational. Work table.4 Fire Command Center Code Requirements Page 60 14 September 2005 This section of the code requires high-rise buildings to provide a fire command center for fire department operations. The main fire command center room must be at minimum 27. Additional Factors Considered • Comparable Buildings – the Petronas Towers and the John Hancock building both incorporate a fire command center into the facility design. Status indicators and controls for air-handling systems. A telephone for fire department use with controlled access to the public telephone system.9 square meters (300 square feet) in size with a minimum dimension of 2. Emergency and standby power status indicators.44 m (8 ft). Fire fighter’s control panel for smoke control systems installed in the building. manual start and transfer features. fire-fighting equipment and fire department access. UAE 7. . The fire command center must contain the following items: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • The emergency voice/alarm communication system. The fire command center is required to be separated from the rest of the building by not less than a 2-hour fire resistance rated enclosure. fire protection systems.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. Emergency generator supervision devices. Controls for unlocking all locked stairway doors simultaneously. Fire detection and alarm system annunciator unit. The fire alarm is also linked to the Civil Defense Authority main fire alarm dispatch office. This command center is located adjacent to the hotel entrance lobby and not directly accessible from the exterior of the building. Because the Tower is accessible by the public and the fire department on both the Ground Level and Level 1. such controls will be over-ridden by control functions in the primary fire command center. The Office Annex includes a separate fire command center at the main entrance to the building for fire department personnel use. The room is enclosed in 2-hour fire rated construction with direct access from the outside through a protected passageway. Where gatehouses control primary fire vehicle access routes to the building. The secondary command center is enclosed with 2-hour fire rated construction. Gate houses are provided at all access points to the project site. The fire alarm system in the Office Annex is monitored by the main tower fire command center. Remote annunciation of all fire alarm signals is provided in the Security Center. The location of the primary and secondary and office annex fire command centers are identified on the Fire & Life Safety drawings. UAE Proposed Design Page 61 14 September 2005 A main fire command center is provided at the Ground Level adjacent to the residential lobby and accessible to the fire fighters elevator. . such controls will be over-ridden by control functions in the primary fire command center. Panels in this secondary command center provide status of the various fire and life safety systems in the hotel controlled portions of the building to assist fire department personnel in identifying the location of the activated alarm(s). While panels in this room will have control features. a means is provided to notify gatehouse staff of a fire in the tower and to inform the staff which fire vehicle access point to direct fire fighting vehicles to. While panels in this room will have control features. the building is also equipped with a secondary fire command center on Level 1.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. APPENDIX A FIRE FIGHTING STRATEGY OVERVIEW . This strategy is consistent with the design approach used for other high rise buildings constructed elsewhere in the world and with internationally recognized standards and best practices for high rise design. Fire & Life Safety Report and SOM’s Fire and Life Safety Diagrams both dated 14 September 2005. These enhancements are designed to improve the building’s performance in a severe fire and improve the reliability of the building’s fire safety systems. Means of egress to move occupants in the immediate fire area to safe areas within the building. UAE FIRE FIGHTING STRATEGY BURJ DUBAI TOWER Page A . Active fire protection systems to control fire spread to a single room or suite of rooms and significant smoke movement to a single floor. Building power. . Structural fire resistance to maintain structural integrity during a fire emergency. fire detection and alarm system construction and battery powered emergency lighting are design to British Standards. sprinkler and smoke control system features. enclosed and pressurized fire fighters elevator lobbies to facilitate fire fighting operations and enhanced fire alarm.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. Basis of Design: The Burj Dubai tower is designed based on U. Means of Egress and Fire Protection Systems are designed to meet NFPA Standards. A more detailed description of the building features is contained in Rolf Jensen & Associates. 3. The primary building standard for the design is the 2003 edition of the International Building Code.S. 2. based building codes and standards. The building is designed using a “defend in place” strategy for protection of building occupants in the building without total evacuation. These features include areas of refuge to protect evacuating occupants.1 14 September 2005 Purpose: The purpose of this document is to outline the overall fire fighting strategy for the Burj Dubai tower with an emphasis on the fire protection features designed into the building to support Civil Defense response and on-site fire fighting and evacuation operations. Inc. This strategy utilizes the following building features: 1. The building also incorporates several life safety enhancements that are common to other buildings of comparable height. one floor above and below to evacuate down to the nearest area of refuge floor and await further instructions. 2. notification and control system. Upon detection of a fire anywhere in the building. Hotel lobby) and to the Office Annex lobby. Access routes for emergency vehicles are provided for all elements of the development.2 14 September 2005 1. Building management can arrange for communication with responding fire service vehicles enroute if necessary. The primary vehicle access to the building site is from Burj Dubai Boulevard. The Burj Dubai tower is provided with a highly sophisticated microprocessor based fire detection. ii. An alarm is sent to a 24-hour staffed security center within the building to initiate emergency response by building security personnel. An audible pre-recorded voice alarm and visual alarm is activated. b. The signal distinguishes between alarms in the Residential tower.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. Building security personnel are organized to respond to critical locations during an emergency and to meet responding Civil Defense vehicles and direct them as needed. b. iii. Each location includes outside hydrants connected to the site-wide water supply and fire department Siamese connections to fill inside fire . Hotel and Office Annex so that responding fire vehicles are directed to the appropriate building entrance to initiate fire fighting operations. Fire Department Vehicle Access a. the fire alarm system initiates an automatic response sequence as follows: i. directing occupants of the fire floor. Each exit stair and area of refuge (AOR) is designed as a separate voice alarm zone so that emergency personnel can direct evacuees in the stairs or areas of refuge throughout the emergency. The roadway is designed to accommodate Civil Defense apparatus and includes turnarounds to facilitate vehicle movement to and away from the building. A signal is sent to the Civil Defense dispatch office to initiate Civil Defense response. UAE Detail of Fire Fighting Strategy: Page A . Notification of a fire or other emergency a. The location and type of device in alarm is annunciated at the security center so that security personnel can be dispatched to the appropriate location. The main building entrance road is the primary means of vehicle access for the Tower. Vehicle access is provided leading directly to the Tower’s two primary entrances (residential lobby. The building is designed so that all Civil Defense operations within the building can be controlled from the building’s Main Fire Command Center (MFCC). suppression system alarms. The entrance leads directly to the Main Fire Command Center and to fire fighter’s elevators. status & control panels for elevators. The MFCC is located near fire fighters elevators leading to the tower and below grade levels. A secondary Civil Defense vehicle response point is to the Hotel entrance lobby located on Level 1. A second Fire Command Center for the Hotel (HFCC) controlled portions of the building is located adjacent to the Hotel lobby on Level 1.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. 3. supervisory and trouble alarm signals. d. This response is to be used when a fire or other emergency occurs in the office annex portion of the building.3 14 September 2005 protection water tanks. UAE Page A . d. The primary Civil Defense vehicle response point is to the Residential entrance lobby located on the Ground Level. c. This entrance will generally have less vehicular traffic than the hotel entrance. The Main Fire Command Center is located adjacent to the Residential lobby on Ground Level and can be reached directly from the outside by a protected corridor system. air handling systems. Command & Control a. The Main Fire Command Center contains the following critical fire equipment for all areas of the building: i. fire alarm annunciation panels to annunciate all fire detection devices. e. smoke exhaust systems. Each access point provides access to fire command centers and fire fighters elevators. This response point allows the fire service direct access to the hotel fire command center and facilitates assistance by hotel staff when an event occurs within the hotel controlled areas of the building. ii. 2-way fire fighters communication system controls iv. The . c. emergency power and egress door unlocking b. public address system controls for pre-recorded or live voice messages to selected building areas iii. The MFCC is located within a two hour fire rated room and is provided with substantial floor area for command & control personnel to direct operations from within the room. A third Civil Defense vehicle response point is the Office annex lobby located on Level 1. and is therefore better suited for emergency response into the building. the fire fighting water supply utilizes on-site storage of water. 4. Tanks are located above the levels served and provide the required fire flow and pressure by gravity. Two sides of the Tower and two sides of the Office Annex are accessible to vehicles. e. All sides of the building are accessible for exterior fire fighting. UAE Page A .FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. c. The third side of the Tower and Office Annex are accessible to hand lines. 5. . Outside hydrants are supplied by a network of piping fed by fire pumps from an on-site water reservoir. As a result. but only for the Hotel portions of the building. External Fire fighting a. Upper levels of the building are served by fire pumps. Inside hydrants & sprinkler systems are supplied by a series of fire protection water tanks located on mechanical levels throughout the building. but only for the Office Annex portions of the building. Site-wide Water Supply a. At least two outside hydrants are provided on each building façade. The Office Annex has a separate Office Fire Command Center (OFCC) for the Office Annex portion of the building located adjacent to the office lobby on Level 1. The HFCC is designed as a slave to the MFCC so that signals from the MFCC have priority over those from the HFCC. b. Outside hydrants are located around the building for fire department outside hose streams and to supply water into the building for internal fire fighting purposes.000 liters in inside water storage tanks and on-site storage reservoirs.750. The OFCC is designed as a slave to the MFCC so that signals from the MFCC have priority over those from the OFCC. The OFCC replicates all of the alarm and control functions of the Main Fire Command Center. The total available fire fighting water supply on-site is 2.4 14 September 2005 HFCC replicates all of the alarm and control functions of the Main Fire Command Center. Fire department Siamese connections to manually fill inside fire protection water storage tanks will be integrated into the exterior wall of the building and located adjacent to each of the three emergency response points leading to each FCC. It has been determined that the public water utility does not provide a sufficiently reliable water supply for fire fighting purposes. d. e. For the tower.5 14 September 2005 with limited access for vehicles adjacent to the water feature.785 L/min. an occupant use hose reel with occupant hose and a multi-purpose fire extinguisher. . floor above & below). For Levels B1 & B2. limiting smoke from entering these areas. Corridor exhaust on the Hotel floors and Hotel assembly space exhaust can also be controlled from the Hotel Fire Command Center. The Office Annex Fire Command Center also controls all pressurization and exhaust systems in the Office Annex area. Civil Defense suppression operations are facilitated by inside hydrant stations located outside of each exit stair. the fire fighters elevator serves all levels from Concourse through Level 152. These systems start automatically upon receipt of a fire alarm signal and can be controlled manually from the Main Fire Command Center. Each station includes an inside hydrant system valve for connection of Civil Defense fire fighting hoses. available for exterior fire fighting. The fire fighter’s elevators open to a 2-hour protected vestibule on every floor. The water supply to the hydrant stations is fed by gravity from water storage tanks above. serves all levels up through Level 162. Smoke exhaust is also provided for large public assembly spaces associated with the hotel and for below grade parking areas. The system is designed to deliver a total of 3. a corridor exhaust system is provided to exhaust smoke from the corridor on the fire floor.5 bar.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. UAE Page A . a second fire fighter’s elevator. Outside hydrants are provided on all sides. The Burj Dubai tower is a fully sprinklered building and it is expected that sprinklers will be effective in controlling a fire within a single room or suite of rooms. Fire fighter’s communication system phone jacks are provided in each fire fighter’s elevator vestibule and in all stairs for Civil Defense communications between the fire area and the fire command center. two parking garage elevators serve as fire fighter’s elevators. directly accessible from the first through a 2-hour fire rated corridor. Mechanical systems are provided to pressurize exit stairs and the fire fighters vestibules (fire floor. On all residential floors. 6. at a pressure of at least 4. c. b. A separate fire fighter’s elevator serves the Office Annex. e. These vestibules are pressurized to limit smoke from entering the vestibule or elevator shaft. d. Internal Fire fighting a. All fire fighters’ elevators are provided with emergency power via the building generators. Fire fighter’s elevators are provided to transport fire fighting personnel to the fire floor. At Level 152. Space above Level 162 is unoccupied and accessible by means of a stair and a lift. elevator bank. UAE 7. The system is designed to operate automatically. Redundant sources of power are used to service critical fire protection systems. e. The emergency voice communication system can be used by the fire department from the fire command centers to direct building occupants. it is anticipated that in certain emergencies.6 14 September 2005 a. Emergency backup power is provided by a bank of emergency generators with sufficient fuel for 8 hours of operation. using pre-recorded voice messages to direct occupants of the fire floor and one floor above and below to evacuate to an area of refuge floor. The system is selectable by floor. Reliability of Fire Protection Systems a. 8. d. Exit stairs may also be used by fire fighters for suppression activities and for rescue operations. Several features have been incorporated into the design to improve the reliability of the fire protection systems. b. Exit stairs lead to areas of refuge located strategically in the building. Occupants will be escorted from the Area of Refuge using exit stairs to the closest sky lobby and transported to grade using available elevators. The areas of refuge are safe areas designed to the same 2-hour construction standards as the exit stairs. Although passenger elevators are not designed specifically for use in a fire emergency. The Burj Dubai tower is design based on internationally recognized highrise standards. Dubai’s public utility.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. Evacuation & Rescue Page A . b. Occupants evacuate the fire area by means of 2-hour protected exit stairs leading to area of refuge floors. they will be used under supervision of building management or fire service to evacuate occupants from areas of refuge to grade. c. Primary power is supplied via multiple feeds from DEWA. A one way emergency voice communication system is provided throughout the building. Lighting . Areas of refuge are pressurized and provided with voice communication speakers and two-way voice communication so that fire fighters can direct AOR occupants from the FCC. stair and area of refuge so that fire fighters can give specific direction to selected areas of the building. Stair landings which serve as areas of refuge for the disabled and designated area of refuge (AOR) floors are also provided with two-way voice communication. 7 14 September 2005 in stairways and public areas also incorporates battery powered lighting units. d. emergency power and fire detection and alarm systems are located within the building’s concrete core elements to protect them from both fire and from impacts that could physically damage them. In most cases. . Critical vertical risers for fire protection water.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. UAE Page A . system risers are redundant so that failure of a single riser will not degrade operation of the system. On-site stored fire fighting water supply for inside and outside hydrants and sprinkler systems is provided in sufficient quantity for 4 hours of fire fighting operations. The system is design to operate by gravity so that it does not rely on fire pumps starting to provide water to sprinklers & inside hydrants. c. APPENDIX B EVACUATION STRATEGY OVERVIEW . Basis of Design: The Burj Dubai is designed based on internationally recognized high-rise standards and best practices. Passive fire protection features – structural fire resistance and fire barriers to maintain structural integrity during a fire and to limit fire and smoke spread. UAE Page B . The systems can be operated manually from the Fire Command Centers by trained building management personnel and Civil Defense responders. Active fire protection systems – Sprinklers to control fire spread to a single room or suite of rooms and mechanical systems to limit smoke movement to a single floor and to keep egress paths clear. Communication systems to direct occupant evacuation and response. 2. A more detailed description of the building’s fire safety features is contained in Rolf Jensen & Associates. The document emphasizes the fire protection features designed into the building to facilitate occupant evacuation and building management response during a fire emergency. The building is designed using a “defend in place” strategy for protection of building occupants. This strategy is based on the fact that full evacuation of any high-rise will require a substantial amount of time and therefore. The strategy is implemented utilizing the following fire safety features: 1. The building also incorporates several life safety enhancements that are common to other buildings of comparable height. Fire & Life Safety Report and SOM’s Fire and Life Safety Diagrams both dated 14 September 2005. 3. 4. Inc.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. to direct and facilitate occupant evacuation and to assist responding Civil Defense fire fighters. The fire protection systems and features are designed to operate automatically in response to a fire emergency. The primary building standard for the design is the 2003 International Building Code.1 14 September 2005 EVACUATION STRATEGY AND BUILDING MANAGEMENT EMERGENCY RESPONSE BURJ DUBAI TOWER Purpose: The purpose of this document is to outline the overall evacuation strategy and provide a framework for development of a detailed building management response plan for the Burj Dubai Tower. Means of egress features to move occupants in the immediate fire area to safe areas within the building. The primary functions of Building Management Emergency Response are to monitor fire protection systems to assure proper function. These . occupants must be protected “in place” from a fire and it’s effects. 2. notification and control system. To assist with evacuation from the fire area. If a fire is encountered. when needed. to meet evacuees reaching areas of refuge and to direct them with further evacuation instructions as necessary (Evacuation from areas of refuge. Upon receipt of a fire alarm signal. directing occupants of the fire floor. security personnel are dispatched to assist with the following: i.2 14 September 2005 enhancements are designed to improve the building’s performance in a severe fire and improve the reliability of the building’s fire safety systems. the fire alarm system initiates an automatic response sequence within the building as follows: i. To recall fire fighter’s elevators and other elevators as needed so that they are available for fire department use upon arrival. If staff must leave the area. a.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. iii. one floor above and below to evacuate down to the nearest area of refuge floor and await further . Notification of a fire or other emergency a. ii. they will endeavor to close all doors to contain fire and smoke as much as possible. If possible and staff is trained to do so. To staff the Fire Command Centers to monitor alarms and systems and to communicate with occupants and security staff. Detail of Evacuation Strategy and Building Management Emergency Response: 1. staff will first facilitate evacuation of the immediate area and confirm that all occupants have safely left the area. UAE Page B . Upon detection of a fire anywhere in the building. v. To investigate the fire location and report findings to the fire command center. The Burj Dubai tower is provided with a highly sophisticated microprocessor based fire detection. Staff will also be in contact with responding Civil Defense fire fighters. An audible pre-recorded voice alarm and visual alarm is activated. could be via stairs or elevators under management or fire service control. Building management and security personnel are organized for emergency response prior to Civil Defense arrival and to assist the Civil Defense responders with their fire response operations. they may initiate fire suppression activities using portable extinguishers and occupant use hose lines. To meet responding fire service vehicles to assist them as needed by reporting on alarm status and directing them to the FCC and fire fighter’s elevators. iv. to evacuate additional floors. to meet evacuees reaching areas of refuge and to direct them with further evacuation instructions as necessary. Evacuation a. A one way emergency voice communication system is provided throughout the building. using pre-recorded voice messages to direct occupants of the fire floor and one floor above and below to evacuate to an area of refuge floor. An alarm is sent to a 24-hour staffed security center and to Fire Command Centers within the building. d. A signal is sent to the central Civil Defense dispatch office in order to initiate Civil Defense response. UAE Page B . The emergency voice communication system can be used by building personnel from the fire command centers to direct building occupants. Security personnel will be dispatched to assist with evacuation from the fire area. elevator bank. Exit stairs lead to areas of refuge located strategically in the building. stair and area of refuge so that fire fighters can give specific direction to selected areas of the building. The areas of refuge are safe areas designed to the same 2-hour construction standards as the exit stairs. c. Occupants evacuate the fire area by means of 2-hour protected exit stairs leading to area of refuge floors. office Annex and Residential tower so that responding fire vehicles are directed to the appropriate building entrance to initiate fire fighting operations. Each exit stair and area of refuge (AOR) is designed as a separate voice alarm zone so that emergency personnel can direct evacuees in the stairs or areas of refuge throughout the emergency. The emergency voice alarm system can be used to direct occupants in other areas to remain in place and wait for further instructions or if necessary. The system is selectable by floor. b. Building management will maintain information regarding mobility impaired building occupants that may need assistance with evacuation and dispatch security personnel for assistance.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. 3. ii. Stair landings which serve as areas of refuge for the disabled and designated area of refuge (AOR) floors are also provided with two-way voice communication. The system is designed to operate automatically. The location and type of device in alarm is annunciated in each location so that security personnel can be dispatched to the appropriate locations. iii.3 14 September 2005 instructions. Areas of refuge are pressurized and provided with voice communication speakers . It is anticipated that only three floors will need to be evacuated. The system distinguishes between alarms in the Hotel. The Office Annex FCC is located adjacent to the Annex lobby. e. The MFCC is located near fire fighters elevators leading to the tower and below grade levels. Although passenger elevators are not designed specifically for use in a fire emergency. smoke exhaust systems. Communications a. A second Fire Command Center for the Hotel (HFCC) controlled portions of the building is located adjacent to the Hotel lobby on Level 1. but only for the Hotel portions of the building. All fire alarms are annunciated at the 24-hour staffed security center. 4. The building is designed so that all emergency response operations within the building can be controlled from the building’s Main Fire Command Center (MFCC). The MFCC is located within a two hour fire rated room and is provided with substantial floor area for command & control personnel to direct operations from within the room. The Main Fire Command Center is located adjacent to the Residential lobby on Ground Level and can be reached directly from the outside by a protected corridor system. emergency power and egress door unlocking b.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. 2-way fire fighters communication system controls iv. it is anticipated that in certain emergencies. The Main Fire Command Center contains the following critical fire equipment for all areas of the building: i. f. public address system controls for pre-recorded or live voice messages to selected building areas iii. suppression system alarms. e. building personnel are dispatched to the . status & control panels for elevators. they will be used under supervision of building management or fire service to evacuate occupants from areas of refuge to grade. supervisory and trouble alarm signals. The HFCC is designed as a slave to the MFCC so that signals from the MFCC have priority over those from the HFCC.4 14 September 2005 and two-way voice communication so that building personnel can direct AOR occupants remotely from the FCC. Upon receipt of an alarm. A third Fire Command Center is provided for the Office Annex building. ii. Building staff will be trained to capture and control elevators to facilitate their use in evacuation. air handling systems. d. fire alarm annunciation panels to annunciate all fire detection devices. The HFCC replicates all of the alarm and control functions of the Main Fire Command Center. UAE Page B . c. All fire protection systems will be tested and maintained in accordance with recognized standards to be sure that they are in proper operating condition at all times.5 14 September 2005 appropriate FCC to coordinate emergency operations and communication until Civil Defense responders arrive. fire detection and alarm system. c. emergency generators. Building engineering staff will be trained and organized so that in an emergency. This would include the water fill pumps for fire fighting water supply. Several features have been incorporated into the design to improve the reliability of the fire protection systems. air handling systems and other building systems when directed by the Civil Defense authority. they will take over emergency operations in the Fire Command Centers and building personnel will assist as directed by them. b.FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. 5. UAE Page B . Once the Civil Defense arrives on scene. and smoke exhaust and pressurization fans. g. The Burj Dubai tower is design based on internationally recognized highrise standards. Operation of Fire Protection Systems a. they will monitor all critical fire protection equipment to see that it is operating properly throughout the emergency situation. They will be able to control building power. . APPENDIX C FIRE ALARM SYSTEM CAUSE AND EFFECT MATRIX . FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI.1 14 September 2005 . UAE Page C . FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI.2 14 September 2005 . UAE Page C . 3 14 September 2005 .FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. UAE Page C . APPENDIX D OFFICE ENTRY PAVILION STEEL COLUMN FIRE RESISTANCE CALCULATION . 1 14 September 2005 . UAE Page D .FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. UAE Page D .FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI.2 14 September 2005 . 3 14 September 2005 . UAE Page D .FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. 4 14 September 2005 .FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. UAE Page D . 5 14 September 2005 .FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. UAE Page D . UAE Page D .FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI.6 14 September 2005 . APPENDIX E FIRE EXPOSURE CALCULATIONS FOR OFFICE ANNEX AND DUBAI MALL CAR PARK . 1 14 September 2005 .FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. UAE Page E . FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI.2 14 September 2005 . UAE Page E . 3 14 September 2005 .FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. UAE Page E . UAE Page E .FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI.4 14 September 2005 . 5 14 September 2005 . UAE Page E .FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. UAE Page E .6 14 September 2005 .FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. 7 14 September 2005 . UAE Page E .FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. UAE Page E .8 14 September 2005 .FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI, UAE Page E - 9 14 September 2005 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI, UAE Page E - 10 14 September 2005 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI, UAE Page E - 11 14 September 2005 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI. UAE Page E .12 14 September 2005 . 13 14 September 2005 . UAE (Insert Arup Calculations) Page E .FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REPORT BURJ DUBAI TOWER DUBAI.