A presentation on…..FACTS FACTS DEVICES?? BENEFITS OF FACTS MAINTENANCE OF FACTS OPERATION OF FACTS IDENTIFICATION OF FACTS FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System FACTS as they are generally known. . are new devices that improve transmission systems. Static VAR Compensators (SVC’s) 2. Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) . Thyristor controlled series compensators (TCSCs) 3. STATCOM 4.1. Benefits of utilizing FACTS devices : UPFC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM Better utilization of existing transmission system assets Increased transmission system reliability and availability Increased dynamic and transient grid stability and reduction of loop flows Increased quality of supply for sensitive industries Environmental benefits . TECHNICAL BENEFITS OF MAIN FACT DEVICE . series capacitor Prevent Overload Series Reactor. Line and\or STATCOM shunt capacitor Switch Shunt SVC.STATCOM following power capacitor.STATCOM capacitor. Shunt Reactor Add shunt SVC. heavy loads Power Series STATCOM Capacitor High voltage at Remove light load Reactive Power supply Absorb Reactive Power High voltage Absorb following Reactive outage Power Protect Equipment Switch EHV SVC.STATCOM reactor Add arrestor SVC Low Voltage Supply reactive Switch Shunt SVC. TCSC.TCSC PAR . TCSC. Outage reactor. SVC.Voltage Limits Low Voltage at Supply Reactive Shunt capacitor. TCPAR. UPFC.Thermal Limits Line or Reduce Transformer Overload Overload Add line or TCSC.SVC. UPFC.TCP network or Capacitor/ AR use Reactor “Thermal Limit” actions Phase PAR TCPAR. circuit (line) capacitor Loop flows Parallel line Adjust series Add series UPFC.UPFC Flow Direction Adjust . Series TCSC. TCSC Parallel loading reactor.UPFC Rearrange PAR. TCPAR transformer Add series SVC. TCSC reactor Tripping of Limit Circuit Add series UPFC. TCSC load sharing reactance capacitor/reac tor Adjust phase Add PAR angle Post-fault sharing TCPAR. resonance Potential Turbine Mitigate Oscillations Series Compensation .Short Circuit Levels Excessive breaker Limit Short-circuit Add series Reactor. new fault currents currents circuit breaker Change breaker Circuit Add new circuit Breaker Rearrange network Split Bus Sub Sync. .Investment costs of FACTS devices a) The devices’ equipment costs. and (b) The necessary infrastructure costs 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 100 200 300 400 500 STATCOM 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 100 200 300 400 500 UPFC T CSC SVC FSC. Additional sales 2. Avoiding or delaying of investments .FINANCIAL BENEFITS: 1. Additional wheeling charges 3. reactors and transformers The amount of maintenance ranges from 150 to 250 man-hours per year Operation of FACTS devices operated automatically can be done locally and remotely .Maintenance of FACTS devices is minimal and similar to that required for shunt capacitors. Steps for the Identification of FACTS Projects: Performance Verification . the optimized utilization of the transmission lines could be investigated an economical study can be performed to compare costs of FACTS devices or conventional solutions with the achievable benefits. .Projects to conduct a detailed network study to investigate the critical conditions of a grid For a stable grid. Performance Verification The design of all FACTS devices should be tested in a transient network analyzer (TNA) The results of the TNA tests should be consistent with the results of the network study . . . Wadhawa.com .abb. Electrical power systems by C.L.Bibliography: .com www.siemens. new age publishers www.