CAA & DOSETABS & SAP Lecture No: 01 ETABS stands for “Extended 3D Analysis of building systems” In this software we have to follow the scheme as given below: 1. 2. 3. 4. Modeling Properties Assigning (like dimensions of beams & columns and type of foundation etc) Loading Design Notes: • • • • • • • • • “Wetting” means to cross check the work one’s person. The one who cross checks is called ‘Wetter’. PBC stands for ‘Pakistan Building Codes’ ETAB is quite goog for the concrete structures. Generation of results is very convinent in ETAB ETAB, SAP & STAAD results for the slab case are not satisfactory. While SAFE gives relative better results for Slab design. Wood, Aluminium, concrete etc all materials based buildings can be design on STAAD. STAAD gives more conservative results, as the factor of safties used in STAAD are greater. In ETAB at any stage units can be changed. Results of ETAB for steel Trusses are also satisfactory. INSERT WINDOW HAVING DIFFERENT VIEWS Click Options – Windows Compiled By: Syed Saqib Mehboob (06-CE-50) CAA & DOS ETABS & SAP These arrows buttons are the Move up/down list. These keys will active when the plan view is active. We can shift the boarder line using there arrows, inorder to get the required one image (either Plan view or Elevation) of any floor or side. Notes: • • • In order to deselect the slection, Esc will not work. Use the button in the side vertical tool bar. Use button to shift the mode on ‘Snap to Grid intersection & points’ Use button to pick the intersection points other than grid intersections. MODLEING Select the units at the very first stage. Step No: 01 a) Click Menu Bar ‘File’ button b) Click New Model Press NO a) Click Grids Only & press OK Step No: 02 b) Edit/Edit Grid Data/Edit Grid c) Select ‘Global’ under the heading of System. d) Click ‘Modify/show system’ Compiled By: Syed Saqib Mehboob (06-CE-50) select ‘Draw Line’ tool b) Draw beams and columns as per requirements *Beams are placed in Plan view and Columns are placed in Elevation View. top. *Select ‘All Stories’ as mentioned below: Step No: 06 a) For Render View . color etc) Click OK and then agin press OK Step No: 04 a) b) c) d) e) If needed: Edit/Edit StoryData/Insert Story Edit/Edit StoryData/Edit Story Rename ‘Label’ acc.CAA & DOS Step No: 03 a) b) c) d) Select ‘Ordinate or Spacing’ Type spacing values for X & Y Grids Check (Primary. to ur choice Modify Heights (as per requirements) Press OK Step No: 05 a) In vertical side tool bar. show.Click ‘set building view option’ button. b) Check the ‘Extrusion’ under spwcial effects. Step No: 07 (GL-VIEW) a) Select the 3D view window b) View/Create openGL-view Compiled By: Syed Saqib Mehboob (06-CE-50) ETABS & SAP . CAA & DOS ETABS & SAP Lecture No: 02 Notes: • Modeling of lift case & retaining wall is necessary. -ive moment of the beam is resisted by column. . • Thumb Rule for the slab thickness: Slab thickness = • • • Or divide the Slab perimeter by ‘15’ to get answer in Inches. column also fails. Mostly it happens when beam fails. (UBC = Universal building codes) In ETABs distances are measured from C/C. We have to increase the colmn’s no. Square/Rectangular & Create area at click Step No: 02 a) b) c) d) Assign support conditions to columns and beams Select Plan View – Select Base Plan Select point with the help of window (one story must – i. base) Click Assign/joint-points/Restraints(supports) Select support type (like fix) Compiled By: Syed Saqib Mehboob (06-CE-50) . ACI – gives provisions for the static loadings. there are calculations – Engineering is needed.e. The optin is in one of the tabs in menu bar. or dimension. If in kips-ft u r working then convert fc’ in kips-ft as: let. • • • • If fc’ is given in kips-in. check it out in which units u r working. whenever the span changes (increases) Steel in column is usually 1 – 3% of the cross sectional area of column. When & where. then u can select all the slab pannels at atime.. PROPERTIES ASSIGNING Step No: 01 Draw Slab a) “Draw Area” toolbar *havig three typres: Irregular. 4 x 144 = 576 kips-ft In case of concrete – stresses at all points are taken same – isotropic If you know the name of ur slab type. UBC & IBC – for dynamic loadings. CAA & DOS ETABS & SAP e) Press OK Step No: 03 Define Properties a) Click Define/Materials b) Select CONC/Modify/Type fc’ and fy (keep eye on units) c) Press OK Step No: 04 a) Click Define/Frame section b) Select rectangular or circular (as per need) from drop down of “ add/wide flange” c) Select material d) Type selection name (like beam) and Type dimension according to units e) Select Reinforcement f) Check beam-column/shape/ckeck-reinforcement to be designed Step No: 05 Define Slab section properties a) Click Define/Wall-slab-deck section *Either modify the SLAB1 or insert ur own new one b) Add new Slab c) Define the type. thickness and material Compiled By: Syed Saqib Mehboob (06-CE-50) . dxf format Compiled By: Syed Saqib Mehboob (06-CE-50) . be sure that all grids must be in single layer and only grids’ layer will be active at that time.CAA & DOS Step No: 06 ETABS & SAP Assigning Properties a) Select Beam/Column b) Click Assign/Frame-line/Frame section/Color beam Step No: 07 a) Select all Slab (all pannels) b) Click Assign/Shell Area/wall-slab-deck section Lecture No: 03 Analysis & Design Notes: • • While transfering the Autocad (Grids) file into ETABS. Save As – file in . 6875 Ec = 57000 ′ (where fc’ in psi) Note: If you have fc’ value other than 4000 psi then by manually put that value. per unit volume = 150 lb/cft Wt.2.0.CAA & DOS ETABS & SAP Wt. per unit mass = 4 * w = mg and if g = 32 Since then m = 150/32 = 4.5 Shear Modulus = • • . Poisson’s Ratio ranges from 0. • Shear Reduction Factor in light weight concrete is 1. Compiled By: Syed Saqib Mehboob (06-CE-50) . Membrane – Whole slab thickness Bending – Effective depth For slab case put same values in membrane and Bending. UBC – chapter 16 is about ‘Seismic Details’ LOAD CASE: 1.CAA & DOS ETABS & SAP In heavy concrete structures “iron chips” is used now a days.L.L R. 3. D. 2.L Seismic load in x-direction Seismic load in y-direction Weight: ½” Plaster = 3” Mud = " . 5.L L. 4. . 1-½” Tites = . × 120 = 5 × 120 = 30 . . . Define Load Case a) b) c) d) e) Define/Static load case Type load name (let DL. Step No: 01. Set Wt. using UBC. RLL. Live.select zone & press OK Compiled By: Syed Saqib Mehboob (06-CE-50) . LL.select soil type .7 __________________ = 50 lb/sft * Select the soil type on the basis of SPT-value. Quake etc) according to your condition. SEISMIC-in x & y direction etc) Select “Type” (Dead. multiplier (For Dead 1 and for Live 0) Click Add New Load & press OK (In case of seismic loading also set the UBC 97) Step No: 02 Modify Lateral Load (Seismic in X & Y direction) a) Define/static load case/Modify lateral load/select direction . Also the Seismic Zone Factor is also provided by the UBC against different zones. × 110 = 13. CAA & DOS Compiled By: Syed Saqib Mehboob (06-CE-50) ETABS & SAP . L = 20 lb/sft Wall load = 1 k/ft (over all beams) Step No: 04 a) Select all slabs – Assign/(Shell/area load)/uniform b) Select Dead or Live – Type value – check Gravity & Replace Existing Loads Step No: 05 a) Select Beams – Assign/Frame line load/ Point OR UDL (whatever u need) Compiled By: Syed Saqib Mehboob (06-CE-50) .L = 60 lb/sft R.CAA & DOS ETABS & SAP Step No: 03 Loading Values Let D.L.L = 50 lb/sft L. Follow the steps: i. You can get % ratio etc. ii.CAA & DOS Step No: 06 ETABS & SAP Add Default design combinations b) Define/Add default combination c) Check – concrete frame design Step No: 07 Analysis & Design a) Analyze/Set analyses option/Full-3D and OK b) Analyze/Run Analysis or Press F5 c) Click Design/concrete frame design/start design * By default after design you will get “Longitudinal reinforcement”. Design/concrete frame design/display design information Choose your required information type Compiled By: Syed Saqib Mehboob (06-CE-50) . CAA & DOS ETABS & SAP • To end the analysis press • Select any member and press right click on it details will come out and click summary. button How to change code? Compiled By: Syed Saqib Mehboob (06-CE-50) . Now press OK Service combination: 1DL + 1LL + 1RLL Factored Combination: 1. In footing design we do not use factored load – we use service loads. In commercial structures slab thickness may vary from place to place.2DL + 1.CAA & DOS Lecture No: 04 ETABS & SAP LOAD CALCULATION Notes: • • • Show selection only – Select only particular beam in elevation view and then go: View/show selection only and then turn elevation view into 3D view. Step No: 01 Add new combination a) Define/Load Combinations/Add new combo…/Type load combination name b) Type Case name (Dead. Live etc)/Type scale factor and then press ADD.6RLL Compiled By: Syed Saqib Mehboob (06-CE-50) .6LL + 1. CAA & DOS ETABS & SAP To Check the Errors in the model: Analysis/Check model Show Deformed & Un-deformed shape: Display/show deform shape – (against specific load case i. Addition of self made design combination Design/Concrete frame design/Select design combination. click the button ‘Set building view options’ and check “Point Labels” Compiled By: Syed Saqib Mehboob (06-CE-50) . Be sure under ‘Design Combos’ only that combination will be there on which you need the design.e Dead or Live etc) Application of Point Load: a) b) c) d) Assign/(Joint/point load)/Force Select load case and type value of load with +ive or –ive sign as per condition. Press OK Display/Show tables/check “Reactions”/Show modify case – select service (SERV Combo) load Note: To show the point labels in the Plan View. So using the Add-> AND <-Remove buttons set the SERV on the right side and all other on the lift side. CAA & DOS Manual Calculation Page Compiled By: Syed Saqib Mehboob (06-CE-50) ETABS & SAP . 0LL . Manual Calculation: Compiled By: Syed Saqib Mehboob (06-CE-50) Design Combination: 1.CAA & DOS ETABS & SAP Lecture No: 05 DESIGN OF CONTINUOUS/SIMPLE BEAM Dead Load = 20 psf Live load = 20 psf Slab thickness = 6” Beam size = 12” x 12” Column size = 12” x 12” Density = 150 lbs/cft fc'= 4 ksi fy = 60 ksi Design of B1.0DL + 1. DIAPHRAGM (Assign for lateral loading) a) Select all slabs b) Assign/Shell Area/Diaphragms * Now software will take the slab/slabs as a single rigid unit that will provide resistance against lateral loading. At each intersection point of mesh an bottom. Put value of mesh dimension 1’ Set Building view option/check – Auto Area Mesh.CAA & DOS ETABS & SAP MESHING (To transfer the load from beams to columns) a) b) c) d) Assign/(Shell/Area)/Area object mesh options. SHEAR WALL Draw wall – using elevation view and mesh it. Check “Auto mesh object into structural elements”. fix the shear wall. Compiled By: Syed Saqib Mehboob (06-CE-50) . MIRROR (a). Select the object (to be mirrored) Edit/Replicate/click ‘Mirror’ Define Co-ordinates (X1. III. In brick masonry construction.Y1) & (X2.CAA & DOS Lecture No: 06 Notes: #4 and #5 bars are not welcomed to provide in the columns. II.Y2) and press OK Example: Compiled By: Syed Saqib Mehboob (06-CE-50) ETABS & SAP . Copy/cut/paste I. #4 bars could be used in columns. II. II. And press OK (b). Compiled By: Syed Saqib Mehboob (06-CE-50) . Story I. first draw beam/line then select point) Edit/Extrude point to line/Radial Define center under ‘rotate about point’ Under ‘Increment Data’ put values and put Total Drop = 0. Draw/Draw reference point Define x & Y co-ordinates (with reference to 0.0) OR put x =0 and Y = 0 and now place the ref. Beam I. And press OK REFRENCE POINT I. II. IV. if you can. point and delete it. Slab I.CAA & DOS ETABS & SAP (b). * Right click on the ref. point manually. III. Edit/Extrude line to beam/Radial Define center under ‘rotate about point’ Under ‘Increment Data’ put values and put Total Drop = 0. IV. Select object in Plan or Elevation/ Click Edit/ Select story and press OK TO DRAW CIRCULAR SLAB/BEAM (a). Select Point (if no selection. III. Draw beam or line and select it. *Modeling and properties assigning is same as in ETABS. SPD – Wetter for the Army Projects Opening of ‘New Model’ a) File/new model OR press Ctrl + N. Compiled By: Syed Saqib Mehboob (06-CE-50) .CAA & DOS ETABS & SAP Column Rotation about Axis Steps: a) Select column b) Assign/Frame Line/Local Axis c) Type angle’s value which is required. Precast slab doesn’t transfer the moments.STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS PROGRAM Lecture 07 Notes: • • • • Linear and non-linear both type of analysis are possible in SAP. a dialog box will appear. SAP . Shell – no shear failure and moment transfer. exposure and gust factor co-efficient.5 m Height = 6 @ 3. Cq = pressure co-efficient (from table 16-G) (from table 16-H) EXAMPLE: Determine the wind force for an office building in down town area with exposure type B? Wind speed = 160 km/hr Bay length = 5 m Bay width = 7. Fastest wind speed km/hr – having probability to occur is 0.L Compiled By: Syed Saqib Mehboob (06-CE-50) .5ρV2) (From table 16-F) Cd = Drag co-efficient = Ce × Cq And Ce = Combined height.L – wind speed is required for designing building.CAA & DOS ETABS & SAP Lateral Load (Earthquake & wind load) • • • • Min 10 m above the G.4 m from G. Not applicable for 60 m high buildings. Calculations: P = qsACDIW Where Iw is the importance factor (From table 16-K) qs = Wind stagnation pressure (0.02 UBC 97 wind load: o Normal force method o Projected area Normal force method is mostly applicable for almost all type of structures and but only method for the gabled structures. (1) Using table of UBC we get IW = 1.CAA & DOS ETABS & SAP Solution: P = QsACDIW ------------------.0 Qs = 160 km/hr OR . % . 7 * For leeward side the value of Ce will be that of the highest value in Ce for windward side (i.76 0.6 0.62 0.e 1.8 13. First do your wind pressure calculations manually (as mentioned above) then assign it to the modeled walls Check “Exposure from area” Compiled By: Syed Saqib Mehboob (06-CE-50) .8 40 – 60 1 25.6 0.04 0. exposure type.6 factor comes from table 16-F) Therefore.8 12.5 30 – 40 1 25.7 WIND 25 – 30 1 25.6 15 – 20 1 25.6 0. Notes: • • • ETABS doesn’t calculate the result for wind if diaphragm is not applied.6 0.95 0.84 0.6 0.04 0.04* -0.72 0.8 15.8 Leeward Side 66 1 25.8 14.6 0.8 60 – 80 1 25.7 20 – 25 1 25.6 1. importance factor etc’ and see if there would any more modifications are required..% M/hr = 100 M/hr (1. so make a table as shown below: H IW Qs Ce Cq P (windward side) 0 – 15 1 25. Qs = 25.6 1.5 Roof 66 1 25.04 in this case) In ETABS and SAP: a) Define/Load Case b) Add ‘wind’ / Type wind / under lateral load select UBC 97 c) Modify lateral load/define ‘wind speed.6 against 100 M/hr (table 16-F) Cd = Ce × Cq Ce.67 0. since it varies with height.6 1. Note: & '( )* + ratio 0 – 1. y = 1’ z= 1’ – OK (See units – if it’s in inches then put values in inches) Step 02: Define/(frame/cables)/import double angle/add new property.CAA & DOS ETABS & SAP Lecture No: 09 Design of a Steel truss bridge using SAP 2000.pro and click open –Select all 2L-section (with help of shift key) Click OK – OK Step 03: Add auto select /Add new property/again select all 2L-section/click add – OK –OK Step 04: Click Draw/(Frame/cables)/Select – Auto under property. & '( )* + ratio should be towards 1. (a) Draw long chords & Trans members. Step 01: Click File/New model/Grid only – press OK Type x = 10’. Data: Width of bridge = 12’ Total length of span = 60 ft Slab is concrete Deck. Select _ Section8. Compiled By: Syed Saqib Mehboob (06-CE-50) . Select auto subdivide and select options shown below. Compiled By: Syed Saqib Mehboob (06-CE-50) ETABS & SAP . Step 05: a) Select all members b) Edit/Replicate/Linear Replicate c) Type x = 72. y = 0.. z = 144 d) Select long chords and member.CAA & DOS (b) (c) (d) Select long chords – select points Assign/Frames/Automatic frame mesh. CAA & DOS ETABS & SAP e) Edit/Edit lines/(Trim/extend) lines f) Draw inclined members using elevation – select all inclined members g) Edit/Replicate – Linear /Type x = 0. z = 0 Step 06: a) Define/Section properties/area section/Add new section b) Type slab name let ‘Deck’ [Note: DECK SLAB = Length much more than width] c) Type shell & thickness – membrane = 6” Bending = 6” NOTE: Assign/Clear display of assigns (To clear the assign properties like beam & column names and load values etc) d) Draw Slab using ‘Draw Quad Area’ – Select points: e) Select slab & all Trans members using button shown: f) Edit/Mesh Area/select mesh using selected joints on edges. Support Assigning Select point B and D Assign/joints/restraints/Make it roller Similarly. make point A and C hinge NOTE: We can draw single big slab & then by divide command it will be automatically converted into panels. Compiled By: Syed Saqib Mehboob (06-CE-50) . y = 144.