ENVI 2012 U1 P1

CANDIDATE - PI.FASE NOTE!PRINT your name on the line below and return this booklet with your answer sheet. Failure to TEST CODE 02120010 do so may result in disqualification. FORM TP 2012176 MAY/JUNE 2012 CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE UNIT 1 -Paper 01 90 minutes f 07 MAY 2012 (a.m.)) READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY. 1 . This test consists of 45 items. You will have 90 minutes to answer them. 2. In addition to this test booklet, you should have an answer sheet. 3 . Do not be concerned that the answer sheet provides spaces for more answers than there are items in this test. 4. Each item in this test has four suggested answers lettered (A), (B), (C), (D). Read each item you are about to answer and decide which choice is best. 5. On your answer sheet, find the number which corresponds to your item and shade the space having the same letter as the answer you have chosen. Look at the sample item below. Sample Item The interaction of plants and animals with components such as air and water defines Sample Answer (A) a biome (A (B) a biosphere (C) an ecosystem (D) an ecological niche The best answer to this item is "an ecosystem", so answer space (C) has been shaded. 6. If you want to change your answer, erase it completely before you fill in your new choice. 7. When you are told to begin, turn the page and work as quickly and as carefully as you can. If you cannot answer an item, go on to the next one. You may return to this item later. Your score will be the total number of correct answers. 8. You may use a silent, non-programmable calculator to answer items. _ DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. _ Copyright © 2010 Caribbean Examinations Council All rights reserved. Gaseous N. (A) decreases population size 111 (B) provides food in the ecosystem (C) does not maintain the carrying 11 capacity of the ecosystem (D) promotes natural selection in the population Egrets feeding on the ectoparasites of cattle 5. The organisms found at Level 11 can BEST represent a symbiotic relationship called be described as (A) parasitism (A) producers (B) mutualism (B) secondary consumers (C) competition (C) primary consumers (D) v / commensalism (D) tertiary consumers GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 02120010/CAPE2012 . in air Nitrogenous wastes remain in soil NH 3 . The community formed by lichens and mosses which initially inhabits an exposed rock surface is described as (A) pioneer (B) climax (C) secondary (D) ecological Item 2 refers to the following diagram which represents a simple model of the nitrogen cycle. NH/ soil The process occurring at I is (A) nitrification (B) denitrification (C) nitrogen uptake (D) nitrogen-fixation Competition is important in an ecosystem Item 5 refers to the following pyramid of because it energy diagram. What would be the energy of Level III? I. Which of the following BEST illustrates the (D) II. III and IV only process of evolution? (A) A p o p u l a t i o n of mosquitoes develops resistance to a pesticide. (C) A population of frogs increases as more prey becomes available. Which of the following are examples of ways in which adaptation in species occurs? I. III and IV only (D) I. Fluctuating rainfall patterns II. (B) A plant loses its leaves in a drought. (A) biome According to Lindermann's ten per cent (B) biosphere law. III and IV only (C) II. Protective colouration IV. Exotic plumage Decreasing rate of (A) II and IV only energy flow (B) I. Plants that grow thorns t II. Hibernation of the bear III. indicating a gradual decrease in the amount of energy. land Item 9 refers to the following pyramid and atmosphere is known as diagram. High levels of human activity (C) 1 000 kcal (D) 10 000 kcal (A) 1 and II only (B) II and III only (C) III and IV only 10. Interspecific competition (A) 10 kcal III. (D) A lizard's colour becomes brown as it sits on a log. about ten per cent of total energy is (C) community transmitted during energy flow through (D) population trophic levels. -3- The life existing in all of Earth's water. II. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 02120010/CAPE2012 . High levels of species diversity (B) 100 kcal IV. The energy of Level II is 1000 kcal. III and IV Which of the following factors promote ecosystem stability? 9. B and C. which were obtained by students investigating the density and distribution of three species of plants. shows a typical growth curve for a population of bacteria in a nutrient medium. The mean density. The rate of population growth is HIGHEST during the period 0-P 5 6 7 8 (A) Time (days) (B) P-Q (C) Q-R (D) R-S 12. -4- Itein I I refers to the following graph which Item 12 refers to the following graph which shows how an ecosystem changes over time. of Species A in the field is (A) 2. in a grassy field using a 1m2 quadrat.5 x 103 (D) 8.30 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 02120010/CAPE2012 .00 (C) 3. A.5 x 103 (B) 7. Time (months) 11.25 (D) 3. in plants/in2. The MAXIMUM number of bacterial colonies at the end of the period when conditions are ideal is (A) 5.60 (B) 3.0 x 103 Item 13 refers to the following results. Quadrat Throw Species 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A 9 0 1 3 4 2 1 0 1 5 B 6 5 0 0 0 0 7 9 1 0 C 4 4 3 4 5 3 4 4 4 4 13.0 x l O 3 (C) 7. III and IV only 1. 16 °C to 40 °C identifies the limit of tolerance 19. Availability of pension schemes 3 40 4 15 (A) I. Areas X and Z identify the zone of population over a period of time is intolerance (A) B+D=I+E (A) I and II only (B) B+E=D+I (B) II and III only . 16 °C to 32 °C identifies the Immigration (I) POPULATION Emigration (E) optimal range III. A student sampled the number of organisms 16.61 (D) 1. The equation which represents an unchanged IV. Level of affluence 1 25 III. I. (C) B=D+E+I (C) II and IV only (D) B+ I= D+ E (D) III and IV only GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 02120010/CAPE20I2 . Culture Species Abundance II. III and IV only (C) II. (B) the population annually (C) each member of the population (D) each member of the population annually 18. Which of the following conclusions is Item 19 refers to the following diagram which correct'? represents a human population. The TOTAL annual production of goods and services within an economy is referred to as the (A) annual productivity index (ANP) (B) per capita product (PCP) (C) gross national product (GNP) 40 (D) gross production index (GP1) Temperature (°C) 15.26 17.24 (D) 3. population growth rate? Garden Community I.62 (C) 3. II. Which of the following are factors that affect in a garden.14. The least growth is in area Y. Social and economic status of 2 10 women IV. III and IV (A) (B) 1. II and IV only What is the species diversity of the garden? (B) I. Births (B) TOTAL Deaths (D) II. The results are shown below. The meaning of 'per capita freshwater consumption' is the average amount of freshwater consumed by Item 15 refers to the following graph which shows the growth rate of bacteria at different (A) the population temperatures. III. (B) Increase pension benefits. Birth rate is very high. Urbanization is the process which results in 21. Males 1 | Females 65-69 1 60-64 | 55-59 _j 50-54 45-49 1 40-44 35-39 | | 30-34 1 | 25-29 | 20-24 15-19 1 I 10-14 1 1 5-9 |0-4 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Percentage 22. (A) I and II only (B) I. Which of the following should be done by a government whose country has a similar population pyramid? (A) Spend less on housing. III and IV only 23. (C) Build more retirement homes. (D) Build more primary and secondary schools. II and III only (C) I. IV. Death rate is very low. Which of the following is NOT a direct an increase in population control measure? (A) the number of cities in a country (A) Migration laws (B) the number of people living in cities (B) Natural disasters in a country (C) Family planning (C) migration from rural areas in a (D) Govemment policies country (D) industrialization in urban areas in a country Items 22-23 refer to the following population pyramid. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 02120010/CAPE2012 . There is low life expectancy. II. -6- 20. Which of the following conclusions are true for the population pyramid? I. II and IV only (D) 1. Death rate is very high. NOT ideal for displaying the age structure then the doubling time. I. Monoculture to attain the highest yield per acre.219 burning coal for electricity. Fishing the mature fish instead of Population Country X the young fish.366.231 111. % Stage I Stage II Stag •« ~ ft Birth rate Iff u 0 \ \. ^ JS ^ \ III Stage \0 IV - Time—^- 28. II. Using the following data calculate the 27. III and IV only (D) I. II and HI only (B) I. in years. Using wind power instead of 2008-5. for Country of a population? Xis (A) Column (A) 35 (B) Pyramid (B) 70 (C) Line graph (C) 105 (D) Inverted pyramid (D) 140 25. 2009-6. The rate of population growth starts to slow down at (A) the end of Stage I (B) the middle of Stage II (C) the beginning of Stage 111 (D) the end of Stage IV GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 02120010/CAPE2012 . Which of the following types of charts is 26. III and IV Item 28 refers to the following graph. Which of the following situations is adhering percentage growth in population in Country to the concept of sustainable development? X for the period 2008-2009. \ t \ g. 11. (A) 14% IV. If the animal growth rate of Country X is 2%. which shows different stages related to the birth and death rates for a typical human population over time.274. II and IV only (C) I. The p r o h i b i t i o n of t r a d i n g (B) 15% endangered species (C) 16% (D) 17% (A) I. . -7- 24. 8 (B) 1.4 (A) 1.4 (C) 6. between the the developed countries by a factor of years 2000 and 2075 is approximately (A) 0. in billions. 44. o a. Which of the following terms refers to the via intensive search for compounds of medicinal value in organisms that were not previously (A) erosion used for such purposes? (B) transpiration (C) groundwater contamination (A) Biopiracy (D) sedimentation of water bodies (B) Bioproduction (C) Bioprospecting (D) Biopersistence GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 02120010/CAPE2012 . The projected increase in the population of countries is projected to surpass that of developed countries. the population in developing 30.6 (C) 2.4 (D) 3.6 (B) 3.6 (D) 8. hems 29-30 refer to the following graph which shows the projected world population total up to 2100.0 31.4 tthi: I"1I Developed countries 1950 2000 2050 2100 Time (years) 29. Toxic pesticides can re-enter the food chain 32. In 2025. 10 9 8 7 T"":"""T"T" e !"4~t t ±tt -- *+-> U444- -s 5 3 a. An example of consumptive use of forest is 37. (C) a geographic information system (C) The water temperature in streams report running through the region will (D) a mitigated negative declaration decrease. (D) The volume of run-off after rains will decrease. II and 111 (D) Slash and burn activities 38. the terrain in floodplains tends to be flat III. A National Environmental Policy Act would occur in a forested region that recently has MOST likely require all agencies responsible been cleared by cutting? for a major project that could significantly affect the quality of the environment to (A) The concentration of nutrients submit in streams running through the region will increase. Human populations historically have settled in floodplains because (A) logging (B) ecotourism I. 36 Which international environmental agreement deals specifically with wetlands? (A) Kyoto Protocol (B) Ramsar Convention (C) Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) (D) Specifically Protected Areas and Wildlife (SPAW) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 02120010/CAPE2012 . (A) a cost-benefit analysis (B) The average depth of topsoil will (B) an environmental impact statement increase. floodplains are close to rivers for 34. What agricultural practice of the indigenous transportation people of the Caribbean preserves nutrients? (A) I only (A) Monoculture (B) I and III only (B) Intercropping (C) II and III only (C) Crop rotation (D) I. Which of the following is MOST likely to 35. the soil in floodplains is usually (C) agroforestry fertile (D) bioprospecting II. -9- 33. for the period 1985-2000.10- ttem 39 refers to the following table which shows a management function for each of four categories of protected areas. Category of Protected Area Management Function 1 Strict nature reserve Only for science II National park For ecosystem protection and recreation III Managed resource protected Mainly for conservation through management area intervention IV Natural monument Mainly for conservation of specific natural features 39. The category of protected area that is INCORRECTLY matched to the given management function is (A) I (B) II (C) 111 (D) IV Item 40 refers to the following pie chart which shows the estimated world arable land loss together with the causes. Estimated world arable land loss between 1985 and 2000 Desertification (25 million ha) Road building. Salinisation (60 million ha) industry (150 million ha) Erosion (50 million ha) 40. . the loss of arable land would be MOST effectively slowed by (A) reducing urban development (B) using more extensive irrigation systems (C) increasing the efficiency of erosion control (D) increasing the efficiency of desalination processes GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 02120010/CAPE 2012 . Based on the information shown on the pie chart above. urban development. physical conversion of vegetation and land (A) I and III only (B) II and IV only (C) III and IV only (D) I. Measures used in the conservation of natural resources include I. Two MAJOR natural resources found in Guyana are (A) tar and forest (B) bauxite and forest (C) oil and natural gas (D) bauxite and beaches GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 02120010/CAPE 2012 . use of appropriate technology III. sustainable yield management II. reduction and minimization of wastes IV. II and III only 42. -11 - 41. 02120010/CAPE 2012 . o 5000 | 3000 1000 0^ 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Year 43. The first decline in fish production was (C) In 2000. (C) 1990-2000 (B) The annual marine fish production (D) in 1990 was 50% of the maximum production. The MOST significant change in fish 45. Which of the following statements is production occurred over the period CORRECT about marine fish production? 1950-1960 (A) The annual marine fish production (A) 1970-1980 for the period 1950 to 2000 was at (B) 1980-1990 its maximum in 1964. . 44. 10000 9000 3 a. the annual marine fish observed over the period production was 500 tonnes below the annual production in 1950.12- Itenis 43-45 refer to the following graph which shows the production of marine fish in a Caribbean country over the period 1950 to 2000. END OF TEST IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED. CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST. (A) 1960-1970 (D) For the period 1980 to 2000. the (B) 1960-1980 marine fish production declined (C) 1964-1970 at an average rate of 200 tonnes (D) 1964-1976 annually.