EN 1371-1 Liquid penetrant inspection.pdf

D EUTSCHE NORMOctober 1997 Founding – Liquid penetrant inspection Part 1: Sand, gravity die and low pressure die castings English version of DIN EN 1371-1 { EN 1371-1 ICS 77.140.80; 77.150.99 Descriptors: Liquid penetrant inspection, castings, testing. Gießereiwesen – Eindringprüfung – Teil 1: Sand-, Schwerkraftkokillen- und Niederdruckkokillengußstücke European Standard EN 1371-1 : 1997 has the status of a DIN Standard. A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by CEN/TC 190. The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuß Gießereiwesen (Foundry Standards Committee), Technical Committee Oberflächenprüfung. EN comprises 23 pages. © No part of this standard may be reproduced without the prior permission of DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, D-10772 Berlin, has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen). Ref. No. DIN EN 1371-1 : 1997-10 English price group 13 Sales No. 1113 04.98 A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. Greece.140. and the United Kingdom. ÈÉË | European Committee for Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Europäisches Komitee für Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36. par gravité et basse pression Gießereiwesen – Eindringprüfung – Teil 1: Sand-. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. No. testing.99 Descriptors: Liquid penetrant inspection. the Netherlands. Italy. Schwerkraftkokillenund Niederdruckkokillengußstücke This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1997-06-02. Portugal. Luxembourg. Ref. Germany. Sweden. Belgium. B-1050 Brussels © 1997. CEN – All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national members. Finland.EN 1371-1 June 1997 ICS 77.150. Spain. en coquille. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria. 77.80. Norway. Iceland. gravity die and low pressure die castings Fonderie – Contrôle par ressuage – Partie 1: Pièces moulées au sable. Denmark. castings. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. Ireland. The European Standards exist in three official versions (English. Switzerland. the Czech Republic. English version Founding – Liquid penetrant inspection Part 1: Sand. German). France. French. EN 1371-1 : 1997 E . Page 2 EN 1371-1 : 1997 2 3 3 3 9 8 3 10 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 12 5 5 15 6 7 17 7 7 7 21 11 12 . provisions from other publications. . . are listed in a bibliography.Part 1: General principles EN 1370 Founding . Liquid penetrant inspection as well as any other non destructive examination method is part of a general or specific assessment of the quality of a casting to be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser at the time of acceptance of the order.Viewing conditions NOTE: Informative reference to documents used in the preparation of this standard. EN 473 Qualification and certification of NOT personnel . and cited at the appropriate places in the text. For undated references.EN 1371-1: Sand. subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision.Surface roughness inspection by visualtactile comparators prEN 1371-2 Founding . where copper is the major constituent) produced in conventional sand moulds.Penetrant testing .Liquid penetrant inspection . by dated or undated reference. 2 Normative references This standard incorporates.prEN 1371-2: Investment castings 1 Scope This European Standard applies to the liquid penetrant testing of all castings (except copper-tin and/or coppertin-lead alloy castings. This standard does not apply to investment and pressure die castings. For dated references.Part 2: Investment castings prEN 1956 Non-destructive testing .Penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing . gravity die and low pressure die castings . see annex A. Penetrant testing examination of castings is standardized in two parts: . the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. by gravity and low-pressure die casting whatever their grade and the casting procedure used to produce them. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter.Page 3 EN 1371-1 : 1997 Introduction This European Standard complements the general principles of liquid penetrant inspection given in EN 571 for the additional requirements of the foundry industry.3 Conditions for liquid penetrant inspection The manufacturing stage(s) when liquid penetrant inspection is to be performed shall be clearly defined by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.General principles EN 571-1 Non-destructive testing . grease.1 Operating mode Inspection shall be carried out as described in EN 571-1. 4. If sand blasting or shot blasting I} is required. immersion time neutralizing and rinsing. Sensitivity can differ depending on the method of liquid penetrant inspection selected. NOTE: It is recommended that the assessment of surface finish is carried out using a visual cast-surface roughness comparator. ') Shot blasting is not recommended prior to liquid penetrant testing. the following shall be indicated: . If the risk of sealing or closing up possible discontinuities is unacceptable then blasting shall be followed by chemical etching in order to enable detection of discontinuities. in the order sent to the manufacturer and accepted by him. and the manufacturing risks involved. The type of discontinuity and the severity level can vary depending on the area of the casting inspected (see tables 1 to 3). The characteristics of the penetrant materials shall be checked in accordance with specifications to be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser.3 Surface preparation The surface to be inspected shall be clean and free from oil. shall be recorded. The chemical composition of the etching bath and other parameters such as concentration. The qualification level of the personnel shall be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser at the time of acceptance of the order. Unless otherwise specified at the time of ordering. 4 Method of inspection 4. For each agreed area of the casting to be inspected. The surface finish of the casting in the area to be tested shall have sufficient brightness and contrast of colour and adequate shape to determine the required severity level.severity level. moulding and coating residues or any other contaminant which could interfere with the correct implementation and interpretation of the penetrant inspection test results. Liquid penetrant inspection shall be performed on castings in the as-delivered conditon. Inspection requirements shall be clearly stated in the call for tender. it shall be as light as possible. if applicable. Therefore the severity levels required shall be selected as a function of the liquid penetrants used and the method agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser.Page 4 EN 1371-1 : 1997 Inspection shall be carried out only on those areas of the castings and on the percentage of castings agreed. 4. temperature.2 Qualification of the operators Inspection shall be performed by personnel.4 Conditions of inspection The inspection shall be carried out with the naked eye or at a maximum magnification of 3 and viewing conditions in conformity with prEN 1956. the surface finish shall be selected from table 4. more particularly. so that the manufacturer can assess the costs of manfacturing to satisfy the required severity level and the costs of additional inspections and operations.type of discontinuity. in the request for prices and. in order to avoid sealing or closing up possible discontinuities. . 4. qualified in accordance with EN 473 or by a certification scheme which is considered to be equivalent. . b) non-linear indication.2 Definition of liquid penetrant inspection indications a) linear indication (LP).W indicates width.t . 5. L < 3 W): .e. 5. etc. An indication with a largest dimension less than three times its smallest dimension (i.clustered (CP): area of multiple indications. . indicates liquid penetrant. The liquid penetrant inspection for each type of indication and its severity levels shall be specified at the time of ordering.AP indicates aligned indication.LP indicates linear indication. The manufacturer shall give his agreement.SP indicates non-linear isolated indication. linear or aligned liquid penetrant inspection indication.1. . In the following clauses . . C. . It is necessary to carry out the test on a surface corresponding to a given degree of finish (see table 4) depending on the severity level desired.Page 5 EN 1371-1 : 1997 5 Acceptance criteria 5. .1 Indications of discontinuities 5.P indicates section thickness. The physical discontinuities detailed in table 1 shall give either a non-linear.) shown in table 1. Indications that are either .L indicates length. 5. by the purchaser.1 General The indication of discontinuities can be non-linear (isolated or clustered). An indication with a largest dimension three or more times its smallest dimension (i.1. c) aligned indication (AP). L ~ 3 W). it allows discontinuities to be assessed by measurement of the length L of the indication.3.isolated (SPI. .e.linear: the distance between two indications is smaller than the length of the longest discontinuity in the alignment.1 General Several severity levels are recognized in accordance with tables 2 and 3.2 Criteria The various types of penetrant indication can correspond to the discontinuities (A. the distance between the indications cannot be measured (they seem to form only one indication). . Although liquid penetrant inspection cannot generally be used to determine the size of detected discontinuities.3 Severity levels 5.CP indicates non-linear clustered indication. B. . or .non-linear: the distance between two indications is less than 2 mm and at least three indications are noted. depending on the use of the castings. aligned or linear. type a: t ~ 16 mm. and in the event of dispute in the interpretation of severity levels 1. 5. 2. The required severity level shall be selected accordingly and specified in the order by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. If. ~ . the reference figures are given to and shall be interpreted against a scale of 1: 1 . 2. If the casting dimensions in total are smaller than 105 mm x 148 mm.3. Maximum permissible discontinuities may appear simultaneously on the area of 105 mm x 148 mm 2). It shall be considered as conforming with this standard when the observed severity level is equal to or better than that specified in the order. These have been established in accordance with table 2. C and 0 for guidance only. 4 and 5. 4 and 5.3 Tables Table 2 corresponds to non-linear isolated or non-linear clustered indications. Three section thickness types are specified (see table 3): . For severity levels 001. 3. Tables 2 and 3 show the largest dimensions of the smallest indications to be considered in the severity level concerned. Indications shall be considered to be equivalent when the same number of non-linear spots and/or the same length of linear indications of similar appearance are detected.3. > 50 mm. reference shall be made to the values in tables 2 and 3. . classification shall be made by comparison with reference figures. NOTE 1: Reference figures corresponding to non-linear.type c: t 50 mm. a frame measuring 105 mm x 148 mm 2) should be placed in the most unfavourable location. For severity levels 1. 3. 02 and 03. then the indicating criteria should be in proportion to the surface area and agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser. the casting shall be considered to be in non-conformance with this standard. 5. 01. drawn to a scale of 1 : 1.Page 6 EN 1371-1 : 1997 The penetrant indications to be taken into account shall have dimensions in accordance with the severity level. 2) ISO format A6. Tables 2 and 3 are independent (differing severity levels may be selected from these tables). for any indication type. Examples of non-linear indications are shown in annexes Band C. the observed severity level is worse than that specified in the order.type b: 16 mm < t .2 Criteria The maximum permissible length for linear or aligned indications varies with the section thickness t. aligned and clustered indications in accordance with tables 2 and 3 are represented in annexes B. The observed indications shall be in relation to the reference severity levels as described in this standard and compared to the equivalent or immediately better severity level. Table 3 corresponds to linear or aligned indications. 6 Classification of the indications and interpretation of results In order to classify an indication of discontinuity. b) the manufacturing stage or stages when the inspection is to be carried out. c) the type of discontinuity indications and the severity level for each area of the casting(s) to be inspected (see clause 3 and 5. NOTE 2: "c" in LP 5c means: The section thickness type t is greater than 50 mm. . They cannot be considered in the same progression from one table to the other nor from one kind of indication to another.linear and aligned indications level 5 (abbreviated as LP 5c and AP Sc). as agreed between the parties (see clause 3). . NOTE 4: Provided that on the casting surface no tested area contains discontinuities which exceed the agreed severity level.Page 7 EN 1371-1 : 1997 The requirements detailed in the order or in the specifications shall be written in conformance to the terminology used in this standard.2). there is no limit to the acceptability of discontinuities. NOTE 3: Severity level references are arbitrary. 9 Post-examination cleaning procedures Post-examination cleaning procedures shall be in accordance with EN 571-1 . 7 Ordering The enquiry and/or order shall specify the following points: a) the area(s) of the casting(s) and percentage of castings to be inspected (see clause 3). 8 Retesting Retesting shall be in accordance with EN 571-1 .non-linear indications level 2 (abbreviated as SP 2). Examples of how the requirements shall be specified are as follows: . 10 Inspection documentation Inspection documentation shall be in accordance with EN 571-1. A model of a trilingual inspection document is shown in annex E. but "background" indications For non-ferrous alloys only .Page 8 EN 1371-1 : 1997 Table 1: Nature of discontinuities and types of corresponding liquid penetrant inspection indications Types of liquid penetrant inspection indications Nature of discontinuities Symbol non-linear isolated SP Gas porosity Sand and/or slag inclusions (other than alumina) Shrinkage defects due to nitrogen ') Cracks Hot tears Inserts Laps and cold shuts Presence of alumina 2 ) Graphite flotation 1) 1) For cast iron only 2) linear LP aligned AP X X X X X X X X clustered CP X X X A X X X X X X X X X B C D X - E F H - - J K No image. 5 2 3 5 5 5 6 7 8 8 12 20 32 1 3 1 4 1.3 0.Page 9 EN 1371-1 : 1997 Table 2: Severity levels for liquid penetrant inspection .clustered indications CP (for aluminium alloys only.isolated indications SP . NOTE 1: Only values expressed in this table are valid. C and F allowed in mm . with a maximum of 2 per area) 1 0.5 6 3 10 6 16 9 25 14 21 - - ') Such that L :::. .5 1 1.Non-linear indications 1) isolated (SP) or clustered (CP) Severity levels Characteristic SP 01 2 ) CP 01 2 ) magnifying glass or eye :::. 3 W where L is the length and W is the width of the indication. B. NOTE 3: The penetrant indications may grow over a period of time and this should be taken into account. NOTE 2: The sensitivity can differ. Reference figures are for information only (see annexes B and C). 2) Severity level to be reserved for particular uses. depending on the method of penetrant inspection selected. 3 SP 02 CP 02 SP 03 CP03 SP 1 CP 1 SP 2 CP 2 SP 3 CP 3 SP 4 SP 5 Inspection means eye Magnification for observation of penetrant indication Diameter of smallest indication to be considered in mm Maximum number of non-linear indications allowed Maximum size of discontinuity indication A. However. ' figure 0.5 1 0. ~ ~ 3 ~ / 30 figure 0.J ~ Gf j ~ ~ l1 ~ jJ I) j{ j{ }5 . 01 and 1 are difficult to achieve and should be specified with caution.3 2 3 5 5 lor C I C I C I C I C I C 0 1 0 . depending on the method of penetrant inspection selected. figure 0. Reference figures are for information only (see annex D).Page 10 EN 1371-1 : 1997 Table 3: Severity levels for liquid penetrant inspection .~ Ip .3 ..2 figure 0.7 ') The length L of an aligned indication is the distance between the starting point of the first discontinuity and the opposite end of the last discontinuity IL ~ 3 WI. this table is a useful guide where no relevant fracture mechanics parameters presently exist.k1 ~ t If!t p It . NOTE 2: The severity levels 001. NOTE 3: The sensitivity can differ.Linear (LP) and aligned (AP) indications') Severity levels Characteristic LP 001 AP 001 LP 01 AP 01 LP 1 AP 1 LP 2 AP 2 LP 3 AP 3 eye LP 4 AP4 LP 5 AP5 Inspection means Magnification for observation of penetrant indication Length of smallest indication to be considered in mm Arrangement of indications isolated (I) or cumulative (C) Maximum length of linear (LPI and aligned (API indications allowed depending on the section thickness ( in mm 2 ) Following annex 0 section thickness type a t $ 16 mm section thickness type b 16 mm < ( $ 50 mm section thickness type c ( > 50 mm magnifying glass or eye $ 3 1. relative to fracture mechanics study.5 figure 0. NOTE 1: Only values expressed in this table are valid.1 I I ! .6 figure D. 2) No functional relationship exists between range of wall thickness and maximum crack length.4 figure 0. NOTE 4: The penetrant indications may grow over a period of time and this should be taken into account.? ~ J. . 2 S2 1 S1 .4 52 2 S1 .5 2 ~ 3 A3-A4 H3 1) See 2) EN 1370 See annex A .3 S1 4 S2 .1/0S1 1 S2 .Page 11 EN 1371-1 : 1997 Table 4: Recommended surface finish for liquid penetrant inspection Dimension of smallest indication mm 0.5 S2 non specified (rough surface) A 1 H 1 A2 H2 - 1.3 Visualtactile comparators 1) BNIF 2 ) SCRATA 2 ) 2/0S1 .251 3 S2 . Page 12 EN 1371-1 : 1997 Figure B.1: Severity level SP 1 . 3: Severity level SP 3 .2: Severity level SP 2 Figure B.Page 13 EN 1371-1 : 1997 Figure B. 4: Severity level SP 4 Figure B.5: Severity level SP 5 .Page 14 EN 1371-1 : 1997 Figure B. Page 15 EN 1371-1 : 1997 Figure C.1: Severity level SP 1 – CP 1 . 2: Severity level SP 2 – CP 2 Figure C.Page 16 EN 1371-1 : 1997 Figure C.3: Severity level SP 3 – CP 3 . Page 17 EN 1371-1 : 1997 Figure D.1: Severity level LP 1a – AP 1a . 3: Severity level LP 1c – AP 1c [LP 2b*) – AP 2b*) or LP 3a*) – AP 3a*)] *) Approximately comparable at these severity levels .2: Severity level LP 1b – AP 1b [LP 2a*) – AP 2a*)] Figure D.Page 18 EN 1371-1 : 1997 Figure D. 5: Severity level LP 3c – AP 3c [LP 4b*) – AP 4b*) or LP 5a*) – AP 5a*)] *) Approximately comparable at these severity levels .Page 19 EN 1371-1 : 1997 Figure D.4: Severity level LP 2c – AP 2c [LP 3b*) – AP 3b*) or LP 4a*) – AP 4a*)] Figure D. Page 20 EN 1371-1 : 1997 Figure D.6: Severity level LP 4c – AP 4c [LP 5b*) – AP 5b*)] Figure D.7: Severity level LP 5c – AP 5c *) Approximately comparable at these severity levels . .......marque ...Prlifplan cavity root .......... ........... .nach Warmebehandlung before stress relieving . Heat No ......................... Material Nuance Werkstoff Casting designation Designation des pieces GuBstlickbezeichnung .Splilmittel ........... Stage ............................stade ............revelateur .........................................marque .........plan de contr61e .......................Handelsmarke Developer .................produit de lavage ......... Sheet Page Blatt According to Conforme a Entsprechend ........... Coulee n Schmelze Nr.................. Drawing No...fonds affouillements .................apres traitement thermique ....... Plan n Zeichnung Nr...zone contr61ee . Area examined ......Prlifbereich 0 0 0 0 0 100 % testing scheme ....Zustand Dye-penetrant ... Commande n Bestell-Nr.................Ausmuldung fUr SchweiBung after heat treatment ........Handelsmarke .... Quantity Quantite Menge Lot No..vor Spannungsarmgllihen Eindringmittel ....... ...Entwickler .........avant detensionnement ... Excess penetrant remover ...............................marque .............................................. .................................. (continued) Trademark .................penetrant - Trademark . Company Societe Firma Liquid-penetrant inspection document Document de contr61e Prlifbescheinigung zur Eindringprlifung Customer Client Kunde Specification Specification Vorschrift Identification Marquage Kennzeichnung Order No........ .....Handelsmarke .................................................... Trademark ... n Nr.......Page 21 EN 1371-1 : 1997 Annex E (informative) Model of a liquid penetrant inspection document No .. n du lot Los Nr............. .........PrGfbedingungen Surface condition ....application du penetrant .........artificiel ..nettoyage prealable ..Spruhen dip ........trocken Developing time .pulverisation .PrGfergebnisse According to ........duree de sechage ... Accepted ..abgenommen Dyes ....ja no ...........Pinsel spray ..................conforme a- entsprechend ..nein (continued) ........geschliffen machined ....Vorreinigung yes .Auftragen des PrGfmittels o o o 0 0 brush .sec ....grenaille ...etat de surface .....temperature de sechage ...temps de revelation ... min Drying temperature ...humide ...............Trocknungsdauer .............usine ..............ultraviolet .ja 0 no .......Trocknungstemperatur .Anwendung des Entwicklers 0 0 0 0 brush .oui .....gestrahlt ground .Tauchen Penetration time .kGnstlich ultraviolet ..pinceau ....naB dry .oui ..conditions d'examen ....naturel ....Entfernen des Eindringmittels cleaning with water ......temperature de la piece moulee ........immersion ........... ·C Developer application ...meule .. ·C Pre-cleaning ..Spruhen wet ..mechanisch bearbeitet Casting temperature ........GuBstGcktemperatur 5 • C up to/jusqu' albis 14 • C 15 • C up to/jusqu' alb is 35 ·C 36 • C up to/jusqu' a/bis 55 ·C ..................AbspGlen mit Wasser solvent .....................Oberflachenzustand o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 shot blasted ..............Beleuchtung 0 0 0 natural .......................non ....non .......Losemittel Drying time ..pulverisation ... ....lavage a I'eau ..solvant .......ultraviolett Testing results ............ min Penetration removal ..................Pinsel spray ....Tageslicht artificial ........................nein Penetrant application ..... min Illumination ........Page 22 EN 1371-1 : 1997 Model (continued) Testing conditions ....resultats de I'examen ....Eindringdauer ......elimination du penetrant ......accepte ..eclairage .Entwicklungsdauer ..temps d'impregnation ......pinceau ..............application du revelateur .... cocher Ie case correspondante.non .Page 23 EN 1371-1 : 1997 Model (concluded) Non-conformance note .ja o no .signature de l'inspecteur/contr6Ieur .nein Inspection authority . .annexe .date .Datum Signature of inspector/operator . Suivant Ie cas.Abnahmegesellschaft Quality assurance section . tick the relevant box.Abteilung Qualitatssicherung Date .organisme de contr61e .fiche d'anomalie .Beanstandung Continuation sheet .Fortsetzungsblatt Dyes .Unterschrift des Leiters der Prufstelle/Prufers If applicable. Falls zutreffend. Entsprechendes ankreuzen.service assurance qualite .oui .