CORRELATION OF STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND PERFORMANCE IN QUALIFYING EXAMINATION IN ACCOUNTING Gualberto A. Magdaraog Jr. Angelica A. Magdaraog Greg O.Saclot College of Business Administration, Bulacan State University Abstract Standards on admission and retention programs on BS Accountancy are necessary in order to meet the needs of this profession. Universities and colleges offering this course must establish a program that will assure high probability for students to successfully finish this program satisfactorily. This exploratory research analyzes the relationship of academic performance of BS Accountancy students in their Accounting subjects, and their performance in the qualifying examination. The result of this study shows that there is a strong positive relationship between these two variables in all of the three batches of BS Accountancy who already took the qualifying examination. Since there is a positive correlation, it revealed that there should be written policies that state the benchmark of required grades for accounting subjects in order to maintain a possible high rate of passers for qualifying examination. Standardized Table of Specification (TOS) on qualifying examination is also recommended in order to give weight on a more important topic that will be part of the examination. Keywords: academic performance, qualifying examination, accounting, BS Accountancy Introduction Bachelor of Science in Accountancy has been one of the most in demand courses in the Philippines nowadays. Accounting officer has ranked top 2 in the list of in-demand local jobs (BLE, 2013). According to records, passers from the latest board examination for accountancy has declined from 47% overall passers from October 2012 to 27% last May 2013, which is the 4th lowest passing rate since 2005. (PRC – BOA). Overall Passing Rates Passing Rate 27% 47% 37% 13% 47% 40% 36% 48% 39% 41% 28% 36% 27% 37% 30% 24% 23% Exam Date May-13 Oct-12 May-12 Dec-11 Oct-11 May-11 Nov-10 Oct-10 May-10 Oct-09 May-09 Oct-08 May-08 Oct-07 May-07 Oct-06 May-05 1,553 4,772 1,995 17 4,066 2,130 35 3,973 1,886 2,888 1,231 2,442 1,268 2,299 1,406 1,597 1,242 of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of 5,665 9,987 5,315 128 8,525 5,259 96 8,216 4,772 6,929 4,262 6,663 4,651 6,213 4,654 6,499 5,222 In order to meet this demand, universities and colleges must create a program that would meet the standards of admission and retention in the BSA program. It should be sufficiently rigorous and demanding to meet the needs of the profession and merit the respect of the public. (CHED CMO No. 03, Article X, Section 48, Series 2007). Admission to the BSA program should be restricted to students who can demonstrate a high probability of success in the study of accounting through satisfactory academic performance, a qualifying examination, an interview, and/or other appropriate means. The school is given the privilege to require standard admission requirements to the program as reflected in its manual of regulations for students. (CHED CMO No. 03, Article X, Section 50, Series 2007). knowledge. etc.Y.00 Academic Performance 80.00 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 The table shows the distribution of academic performance of BSA 1A for first and second semester to show how grades vary from the group.00 0. The relationship between the students' performance in qualifying examination and performance in the academic subjects covering the qualifying exam. The job performance model suggests that effort and ability combine to predict performance. Histogram of Academic Performance of first year BSA students for S. and the results of the previous qualifying examinations.00 60. The predictability of effort increased when adding others’ expectations included extensions of the effort model and perceived influence.00 1 3 5 7 9 Series1.00 40.00 20. Research Methodology This exploratory research uses data from past records of grades of BSA students for accounting subjects such as Basic Accounting. Partnership and Corporation. Calculating for the linear correlation coefficient of academic performance and performance in the qualifying examination Discussion Table 1. Establish a benchmark in determining the success of students in qualifying exam through his/her performance in the academic subjects in accounting. it suggested that performance is based on individual’s factors such as personality. 2.. 82. . 86.. An additive rather than a multiplicative combination of these two variables was found to best predicts performance. 2011-2012 BSA 1A First Semester 100. experience and abilities.00 60. skills.Research Objectives The study aims to determine the following: 1. The weighted mean of the academic performance and performance in qualifying examination will also be shown in order to create a comparison between the first and second batch of students and to identify the factors that caused that change in the performance.90 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 BSA 1A Second Semester 100. Theoretical Framework According to Expectancy theory by Victor Vroom (1964). Financial Accounting.00 1 3 5 7 9 Series1. Linear correlation coefficient is used in the study in order to measure the strength and the direction of a linear relationship between the academic performance of the students in their accounting subjects and the result of their qualifying examination.00 Academic Performance 80.00 40. This theory suggests that effort and satisfaction are related to the degree to which the behavior (or job) is seen as leading to various outcomes weighted (multiplicatively) by the evaluation of these outcomes.00 20. 50 79.50 78.00 91.83 40.50 76.81 79.00 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 The table shows the distribution of academic performance of BSA 1B for first and second semester to show how grades vary from the group.73 94.00 55.03 78.17 86. 2011-2012 S. Academic Performance and Performance in Qualifying Examination of BSA S.00 75.83 76.50 86.14 94.33 66.50 75.04 82.67 91.Y.00 65.00 79.88 88.33 62.00 20.00 Academic Performance 80.83 90.00 0.00 40.83 68.83 90.30 84.2012 BSA 1B Qualifying Academic Exam Performance 82.27 89.00 60.00 BSA 1A Academic Performance 79. 77.00 71.83 84.00 92.00 92.45 82.00 89.67 79.00 20.Y.50 75.00 90.67 80.33 75.67 76.17 77.17 75.15 90.17 75.BSA 1B First Semester 100.50 80.00 74.17 83.50 69.85 80.83 73.00 0.09 78.00 40. 2011 .83 76.00 76.52 89.00 60.83 45.00 89.67 50. 75.00 60.00 82.50 80.50 70.50 97.00 90.17 78.34 94.00 95. Table 2.00 48.00 Academic Performance 80.00 1 3 5 7 Series1.50 65.00 71.50 90.96 Qualifying Exam 55.47 91.00 65.00 1 3 5 7 Series1.00 85.00 95.00 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 BSA 1B Second Semester 100.80 89.32 85.29 80.58 79.67 81.00 75.40 86.67 69.67 80.83 90.83 66.00 74.83 75.99 92.83 71.67 .00 80. 00 66. The value of R2.74 ∑ = 3184.40 76. the coefficient of determination.00 76.60 93.44 75.Mx)) / √((SSx)(SSy)) r = 1976. BSA 1A got an average of 79.42 while BSA 1B was a weighted average of 81.62 77.67 93.81 Meta Numerics (cross-check) r = 0.00 59.67 49.67 79.67.My)2 = SSy = = 1201. is 0.Mx)) / √((SSx)(SSy)) r = 2675.Mx)2 = SSx ∑(Y .8)(7616.17 80.00 94. Table 5.17 75.81 .60 while 69.17 WM = 79.My)2 = SSy = = 1416.67 74.33 88.50 81.Y.33 61.08 84.50 80.00 92.08 88.42 86.83 74.5 ∑ = 2842.61 ∑(X . Correlation of Academic Performance and Performance in Qualifying Examination of BSA 1A S.48 Mean = 81.00 91.42 R Calculation r = ∑((X .79 88.17 71.50 77.50 78.72 77.00 78.Mx)2 = SSx ∑(Y .92.My) = 1976.My)(Y .50 81.33 89.67 87.81 The value of R is 0.17 62.45 WM = 85.41853658537 / √((1416.00 77. 2011-2012 Result Details & Calculation X Values Y Values ∑ = 3416. Table shows that the average academic performance of BSA 1A is 85.17 85.00 77.Mx)(Y . Correlation of Academic Performance and Performance in Qualifying Examination of BSA 1B S.00 WM = 81.66.81 Meta Numerics (cross-check) r = 0.99)(4892.67 75.67 WM = 69.00 95.33 60.77 87.99 4892. On performance on qualifying examination.00 76.67 82.33 The table shows the comparison between the academic performance of BSA 1A and 1B and their performance in qualifying examination. 2011-2012 Result Details & Calculation X Values Y Values ∑ = 3348.21 Mean = 85.67 84.81 X and Y Combined N = 41 ∑(X .00 83.Y.33 ∑(X .50 92.33 for BSA 1B.49 X and Y Combined N = 40 ∑(X .41 86.74 78.50 56.Mx)(Y .49)) = 0.My)(Y .50 87.67 Mean = 69.00 81.50 64.17 77.27 R Calculation r = ∑((X .00 52.00 76.85 86.42 Mean = 79.00 92. This is a strong positive correlation.8 7616.32 84.50 80.35 89.95 87. Table 4.269715 / √((1201.17 85.33 50.50 80. which means that academic performance goes with high performance on qualifying exam (and vice versa).My) = 2675.00 76.83 50.83 88.81)) = 0.50 78.81.36 81. 00 60. .00 BSA 1B Second Semester Series1.00 100.00 60. 77.00 40.00 80.00 80. the coefficient of determination.66.00 BSA 1A Second Semester Series1.Y. is 0. This is a strong positive correlation.00 Academic Performance 100.00 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 The table shows the distribution of academic performance of BSA 1B for first and second semester to show how grades vary from the group. 78.92 BSA 1B First Semester Academic Performance 120.00 40.00 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 Series1.00 20. 2012-2013 Academic Performance 100.81. Histogram of Academic Performance of 1st year BSA students for S. which means that academic performance goes with high performance on qualifying exam (and vice versa).00 60.01 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 Academic Performance 100.00 0. The value of R2.00 20. Table 2.00 80. 80. 86.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 - 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 120.00 20.00 - BSA 1A First Semester Series1.00 20.00 40.00 0.The value of R is 0. 96 Qualifying Exam 62.69 84.71 96.90 53.45 40.01 86.38 85.93 83.52 81.71 29.06 81.75 85.97 43.58 54.48 85.41 79.26 74.32 39.59 84.04 77.45 49.Y.29 70.23 36.74 .19 81.29 62.83 84.01 WM = 85.76 84.45 62.35 63.65 63.81 91.18 88.68 83.13 34.13 80.92 95.88 93.87 76.79 WM = 83.82 86.29 78.55 58.11 91.58 61.84 44.94 34.00 45.32 72.32 56.44 89.48 0.06 77.48 41.55 70.48 58.22 81.39 79.92 83.77 S.58 85.68 67.65 34.23 70.25 78.06 53.31 89.87 92.53 79.70 81.16 85.10 58.68 58.29 88.58 39.55 37.26 68.23 58.19 94.58 65.16 66.03 33.77 88.87 44.35 55.81 56.76 93.37 83.72 89.08 81.33 79.23 87.58 33.84 66.2013 BSA 1B Qualifying Academic Exam Performance 69.65 90.06 65.52 57.77 41.30 90.45 65.39 56.15 50.77 79. 2012-2013 BSA 1A Academic Performance 85.Table 3.87 52.35 36.39 79.35 80.97 77.84 60.29 42.36 83.20 84.71 58.83 84.77 71.06 43.48 42.84 54.82 84.31 78.64 76.42 66.06 69.19 34.65 49.47 78.19 52.90 40.52 82.19 55.19 59.55 76.19 73.70 91.33 88.10 88.13 63.46 84. Academic Performance and Performance in Qualifying Examination of BSA S.71 69.32 87.65 63.71 50.85 78.52 66.26 35.26 85.81 49.21 85.87 43.40 89. 2012 .44 89.68 93.00 80.76 83.71 33.60 85.13 80.39 88.41 79.97 94.16 22.69 79.87 54.97 87.64 81.26 50.55 78.93 84.00 61.95 87.25 WM = 51.16 58.81 77.Y.03 65.03 32.75 85.59 80.06 92.26 60.23 49.63 81.96 77.25 80.64 84.03 63.13 83.55 52.65 85.97 43.68 50.24 44.36 80.58 WM = 55.28 90.55 58.56 81.46 75.42 58.26 85.61 81.06 35. Mx)2 = SSx ∑(Y . This is a strong positive correlation.81 X and Y Combined N = 51 ∑(X .13 ∑(X .My)(Y . which means that high X variable scores go with high Y variable scores (and vice versa). This is a strong positive correlation.79 while 51. Correlation of Academic Performance and Performance in Qualifying Examination of BSA 1B S.57249583333 / √((1544.81)) = 0. BSA 1A got an average of 55.19 Mean = 83. is 0.61.2)) = 0.My)2 = = 1544.48 SSy = 8312.25.Table shows that the average academic performance of BSA 1A is 85.57 R Calculation r = ∑((X .Mx)(Y . The value of R2. .Y.04 10284. Table 4.81.08 R Calculation r = ∑((X .Mx)) / √((SSx)(SSy)) r = 2912. is 0.22 ∑ = 2845.13 for BSA 1B.Y.78 The value of R is 0. 2012-2013 Result Details & Calculation X Values Y Values ∑ = 3995.78 Meta Numerics (cross-check) r = 0.9 ∑ = 2454.77 while BSA 1B has a weighted average of 83.Mx)(Y .14 Mean = 85.08155294118 / √((739. 2012-2013 Result Details & Calculation X Values Y Values ∑ = 4374.66.48)(8312.Mx)) / √((SSx)(SSy)) r = 2147.04)(10284.79 ∑(X .2 X and Y Combined N = 48 ∑(X . Table 5. The value of R2.My)2 = SSy = = 739. On performance on qualifying examination. the coefficient of determination.81 The value of R is 0.78.My) = 2912. the coefficient of determination.77 Mean = 55. which means that high X variable scores go with high Y variable scores (and vice versa).My) = 2147.My)(Y . Correlation of Academic Performance and Performance in Qualifying Examination of BSA 1A S.25 Mean = 51.Mx)2 = SSx ∑(Y .81 Meta Numerics (cross-check) r = 0. 00 Acaemic Performance 100.00 60.00 40.64 67.30 47.77 92.84 88.28 66. Academic Performance and Performance in Qualifying Examination of BSA 2A S.17 75.48 98.81 90. 2012-2013 BSA 2A Academic Performance Qualifying Exam 84.90 85.45 95.52 96. Table 7.00 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 The table shows the distribution of academic performance of BSA 2A for first and second semester to show how grades vary from the group.10 77.43 61.87 91.45 87.51 63.10 .05 76.Y.52 51.79 85.94 91.77 97.50 49.00 20.00 80.95 87.00 20.00 60.09 47. 2012-2013 BSA 2A First Semester 120.00 80.08 83.00 Academic Performance 100.00 40.76 65.Table 6.19 64.19 95. Histogram of Academic Performance of 2nd year BSA students for S.87 92.52 72.23 80.77 97.74 81.47 74.81 93.36 67.58 74.00 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 BSA 2A Second Semester 120.76 56.Y.06 76.53 36.77 87.26 54.74 87.61 92.00 99.32 51.74 79.61 89.03 88.39 66.84 98. 81 96.66 75.17 72.81 88.15)) = 0.16 61.23 90.03 86. Table 8.45 72.32 86.23 81. Correlation of Academic Performance and Performance in Qualifying Examination of BSA 2A S.58 55.5257 / √((1725.Y.85 SSy = 7997.My)(Y .94 96.19 87.26 93.30 72.39 92. 2012-2013 Result Details & Calculation X Values Y Values ∑ = 5243.74 Mean = 90.90 85.77 91. .97 87.12 83.Mx)(Y .10 78.77 80. which means that high X variable scores go with high Y variable scores (and vice versa).00 86.69 65.23 93.32 81.15 65.39 88.66 63.72 Table shows that the average academic performance of BSA 2A is 90.76 63.48 81.96 55.10 87.85 The value of R is 0.55 90.90 98.Mx)) / √((SSx)(SSy)) r = 3154.15 X and Y Combined N = 58 ∑(X .My)2 = = 1725.85)(7997.06 63.My) = 3154.85.48 98.23 94.72.72 weighted mean on their performance in qualifying examination.4 Mean = 67.16 90.51 69.Mx)2 = SSx ∑(Y .48 89.74 88.2 ∑ = 3927.88.33 68. is 0.23 96.08 53.49 68.94 92. the coefficient of determination.25 76.38 76.40 WM = 67.84 89.50 83.84 63.22 63.10 97.60 83.72 ∑(X .87 WM = 90.85 Meta Numerics (cross-check) r = 0.27 40.87 91.39 67.53 R Calculation r = ∑((X .87 94. This is a strong positive correlation.51 65.22 74. The value of R2.17 67.50 70.40 with 67. Expectancy Theory Predictions of Academic Performance and Satisfaction. Undated http://oai. There should be a standardized examination and table of specification (TOS) on every accounting examination to assure that the breakdown of questions in qualifying examinations depends on the weight of importance in the knowledge of the accountancy students.php/eng/Information/CHED-MemorandumOrders/2007-CHED-Memorandum-Orders Professional Regulatory Commission.gov.board exam passing rates 2013 http://www..Conclusion and Recommendations Since there is a strong positive correlation of the academic performance and qualifying examination performance of BSA students in all levels.finduniversity. To have a written policy regarding the benchmark on grades for all accounting subjects to have higher probability of passers in qualifying examination. Undated http://www. 2.prc.aspx?id=1&content=1 .ched.ph/exams-results/certified-public-accountant-licensure-exam-6/ Commission on Higher Education Memorandum Orders 2007 http://www.Delbert M. 2012 http://www.dtic. it can be concluded that there is high probability that the performance of the students in their qualifying examination may be related his/her academic performances. Board of Accountancy. The researchers recommend the following: 1. References Mitchell.ph/prb/default.com/articles/most-in-demand-courses-in-the-philippines Accountancy .. Nebeker.gov.Terence R.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=AD0731081 Commission on Higher Education.ph/chedwww/index.likejobs.