1) Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions by lowering the- Activation energy 2) The process of influencing the chemical bonds in a way that lowers the ___ needed to speed up a chemical reaction is called catalysis -activation energy 3) protein catalysts that speed up the various metabolic biological reactions in an orgranism are called 4) Oxidation and reduction reactions are chemical processes that result in a gain or loss in -electrons 5) the specificity of an enzyme is due to its activite site. The active site is shaped so that only a certain -substrate molecule can fit into it 6) glucose is broken down to carbon dioxide and water in organisms which breathe air in a process called ____ respiration aerobic 7)chemiosmotic generation of atp is driven by - a difference in H+ concentration on two sides of the mitochondrial membrane 8) a molecule that stores energy by linking charged phosphate groups near each other is called -ATP 9)when oxygen is limiting, during heavy exercise, muscle cells revert to _____ fermentation for energy production -lactid acid 10) the first stage of cellular respiration ____ occurs with or without oxygen present -glycosis Chapters 10/11 1)in the human body cells (non-sex cells) contain two sets of chromosomes totaling 46 2)each chromosome has a _____ a point of constriction containing certain repeated DNA sequences that bind specific proteins centromere 3)prophase is the first stage of mitosis characterized by the ____ of the chromosomes These subunits of chromosomes are given the name nucleosomes 6) which of the following produces identical cells? mitosis *7)a process in which pairs of homologous complex chromosomes line up side by side homologue 8) the pairing of chromosomes along their lengths which is essential for crossing over is referred to as synapsis 9) the two homologous chromosomes pair along their length early in the first nuclear division.condensation 4)the attachment of which molecules is critical for the proper separation of sister chromatids? microtubules 5)the accommodation of the very long dna fiber into a limited space of the nucleus is achieved by coiling around beads of histones into repeating subunits. During this physical joining genetic exchange occurs between them in a process called recombination 10)chromosomes exchange genetic information by Crossing over Chapter 12 1) Individuals carrying two factors for most traits are Diploid 2)when the two haploid gametes contain two different alleles of a given gene the resulting offspring is called Heterozygous . the absence of fur pigmentation is caused by a recessive allele. The locations of several restriction sites are indicated.3) Let P = purple flowers and p=white and T=tall plants and t =dward. This allele also causes the tigers to be cross-eyed.studystack. 7) THe majority of DNA in a human is non-coding . If you were to digest this fragment of DNA with PST I.com/8182247/chapter-18-flash-cards/ The number of genes in eukaryotic genomes is not necessarily correlated with the amount of DNA in the genome.85 kb eco rl fragment of dna is shown below. circular auxiliary DNA molecules of bacteria which are commonly used in biotechnology are referred to as plasmids When electrical current is applied during a gel electrophoresis procedure.com/flashcard-731128 2) The procedure for producing a line of genetically identical cells from a single “altered” cell is called cloning 3)DNA fragments complementary to the DNA being investigated are referred to as cDNA 4)small.com/5981792/test-questions-and-answer-sheets-chapter10-14-biology-flash-cards/ Chapter 17 & 18 1) a 6. how many pieces of DNA would you obtain? *3 http://www. If two tigers heterozygous for this allele mate and produce offspring. the DNA fragments are separated by the size of the fragments 5) 6)which of the following statements about genomes are true? http://quizlet. what percentage can be expected to be white and/or cross-eyed? 25% white and the same 25% crosseyed http://quizlet. eukaryotic genomes are larger than prokaryotic genomes. In general. Scale is approximate. What would be the appearance of a plant with the genotype PpTt In white tigers. 8)a___ consists of all the dna in a nucleus of a cell genome 9)a transgene is an inserted foreign gene 10) inactive genes that have lost their function do to mutations are called pseudogenes .