Biodiversity and its conservation.ppt

October 27, 2017 | Author: Nity Nishant | Category: Environment
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1. BIODIVERSITY OF INDIA by Nity Nishant 2.  Life+ variety  species inhabiting the earth estimates vary from 8 to 14 million species  India, a megadiversity country with only 2.4% of the land area, accounts for 7-8% of the recorded species of the world  45,500 species of plants and 91,000 species of animals 3. Levels of Biodiversity 4. 1. Genetic Diversity: genetic variation within a species 5. 2. Species Diversity :diversity among species 6. Ecosystem Diversity: diversity of habitats 7. Benefits associated with Biodiversity 8. Biological resources  Food  Medicinal resources and pharmaceutical drugs  Wood products  Ornamental plants 9. Ecosystem services  Protection of Soils Erosion and floods  Nutrient storage and recycling  Pollution breakdown and absorption  Contribution to climate stability 10. Social benefits  Research, education and monitoring  Recreation and tourism  Cultural values 11. Biodiversity Hotspots  An area which faces serious threat from human activities and supports a unique biodiversity 12. Criteria to be qualified: Accordingly to the Conservation International it must contain at least 1,500 species of vascular plants (> 0.5 percent of the world’s total) as endemics, and  it has to have lost at least 70 percent of its original habitat. (http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/150569/) 13. Biodiversity hotspots in India  The Western Ghats/Sahyadri Mountains-high rainfall, states includes Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. There are over 6000 vascular plants, 3000 are endemic belonging to over 2500 genera  The Eastern Himalayas- region encompassing Bhutan, northeastern India, and Nepal. It has nearly 163 globally threatened species including 45 mammals, 50 birds, 17 reptiles, 12 amphibians, 3 invertebrate and 36 plant species (http://www.biodiversityofindia.org/index.php?title=Biodiversity_hotspots_in_India) 14. Biodiversity hotspots in India…  Indo-Burma- spread out from Eastern Bangladesh to Malaysia, covers 2 million sq km, supports wide diversity of climate and habitat patterns, Much of this region is still a wilderness, but has been deteriorating rapidly in the past few decades  Sundaland- It includes Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia, Nicobar Islands. The United Nations declared the islands a World Biosphere Reserve in 2013, rich terrestrial and marine ecosystem that includes mangroves, coral reefs and sea grass beds. 15. Recent extinctions (India)  Mammals- Indian / Asiatic Cheetah, Javan Rhinoceros and Sumatran Rhinoceros  Birds- Pink-headed Duck (Rhodonessa caryophyllacea) and theHimalayan Quail(Ophrysia superciliosa) (http://www.biodiversityofindia.org/index.php?title=Biodiversity_hotspots_in_India) 16. Asiatic cheetahHimalayan Quail Pink headed Duck Sumatran Rhinoceros Javan Rhinoceros warbler 17. Threats To Global Biodiversity  Habitat loss/degradation  Over-hunting /Poaching  Climate change  Resource mismanagement  Invasion of non-native /exotic species  Natural Calamities  Pollution  Overgrazing 18. Progammes on Conservation of Biodiversity 19. In-situ Conservation  Conserving the animals and plants in their natural habitats  National parks  Sanctuaries  Biosphere reserves  Reserved and protected forests  Project Tiger, Project Elephant, Save the Barasingha campaign 20. Ex-situ Conservation  Conserving the animals and plants away from their natural habitat  Seed banks  Germplasm  Botanical gardens  Zoological parks 21. Legislation  Environment Protection Act, 1986  Fisheries Act, 1897  Forest Act, 1927  Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980  Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972  Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act 1991  National Forest Policy amended in 1988,  National Conservation Strategy and Policy Statement for Environment and Sustainable Development  National Agricultural Policy  National Land Use Policy  National Fisheries Policy  National Policy and Action Strategy on Biodiversity  National Wildlife Action Plan  Environmental Action Plan. 22. Thanks.. 23. IUCN’s clip


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