AWS B2.1/B2.1M:2009 An American National Standard Specification for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification and submerged arc welding. semiautomatic. electroslag welding. welding designs. and automatic welding. welders. oxyfuel gas welding. electron beam welding.W. and testing requirements are also included. 2008 Specification for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification 5th Edition Supersedes AWS B2. flux cored arc welding. The welding processes included are electrogas welding. Base metals. and welding operators for manual. laser beam welding. qualification variables.1M:2009 An American National Standard Approved by the American National Standards Institute August 22. LeJeune Road. Miami. filler metals. 550 N. mechanized. gas tungsten arc welding. shielded metal arc welding.1:2005 Prepared by the American Welding Society (AWS) B2 Committee on Procedure and Performance Qualification Under the Direction of the AWS Technical Activities Committee Approved by the AWS Board of Directors Abstract This specification provides the requirements for qualification of welding procedure specifications.AWS B2.1/B2. gas metal arc welding. FL 33126 . plasma arc welding. stud arc welding. has been updated to reflect revised filler metal specifications.1/B2. Specification for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification. Table C. and B2.1:1998. Miami. Standard for Brazing Procedure and Performance Qualification. A 789. A 479. FL 33126. Specification for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification.1M:2009 Foreword This foreword is not part of AWS B2. Among the new additions are materials from Australian and New Zealand standards.1M:2009. A 928.4. 2000. such as ASTM A 182. The first edition of B2.” New welding and qualification variables and tighter restrictions have been made within 4. Specification for Soldering Procedure and Performance Qualification. This is the fifth edition of B2. American Welding Society. and welding operators. The following edition. figures. Standard for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification. Comments and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. The AWS B2 Committee on Procedure and Performance Qualification was formed in 1979. They should be sent to the Secretary. a few new 10H materials. A vertical line in the margin also indicates a revision from the 2005 edition. A 240.1 Standard has been added. The Committee has published sixty-two Standard Welding Procedure Specifications.AWS B2. a major reformatting effort that has renumbered existing clauses. renamed B2.13 and 4. the informative annex titled Guidelines for Requesting Adoption of New Materials under the B2. the addition of new sample forms. Standard for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification. and annexes. Filler Metal Groupings. and other adopted ASTM materials. or figures indicates an editorial or technical change from the 2005 edition. A 276. was published in 1984. and 2005. but is included for informational purposes only. LeJeune Road. tables. 550 N.1/B2. A 815. AWS B2 Committee on Procedure and Performance Qualification.1-84. Specification for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification. B2.3. Underlined text in clauses.14. welders. and A 790. AWS B2. was revised in 1998.2. In order to facilitate the adoption of new materials. A 890. This revision has undergone several modifications including incorporation of SI units.1 in Annex C. Several new materials have been added in this edition within the Base Metal Groupings. B2.1. This standard introduced the concept of Standard Welding Procedure Specifications (SWPSs) in addition to a set of rules for qualifying welding procedures.1. was an extensive revision of B2. ix .1-84. tables. and A 995.W. Specification for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification for Thermoplastics. and the deletion of any reference to “sheet metals. including ASTM A 795. ....................................................................................46 Annex A (Normative)—Basis for Establishing a Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) .....................................18 4...................................21 4...........................29 5................................................................................................................................................................................................................1 General...................................6 4.........................1M:2009 Table of Contents Page No..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................69 Annex D (Normative)—Base Metal Grouping...................................................................................................................................2 4......................................................................................................v Foreword........................................................................................................................................................................................................7 4..........7 Pipe and Plate Groove Test Weldments and Acceptance Criteria ...............10 4......................................................................275 Annex I (Informative)—Guidelines for Requesting Adoption of New Materials Under the AWS B2.......................................................... Terms and Definitions .....................................................................................................4 Test Weldments.........................................32 5.............................12 4....7 4.....................................................................................................35 Annexes............................1 2..................................................................14 Procedure Qualification Variables ............................................................. Procedure Qualification .....3 Qualification by Workmanship Test ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................261 Annex F (Informative)—Sample Forms.................2 Standard Welding Procedure Specifications................5 mm] Acceptance Criteria.........ix List of Tables.........32 5.....................................................10 4......................................................................................23 5.......................................................................................................................................................45 Cross Reference for Renumbered Annexes from the 2005 Code to the 2009 Code ....................................................5 Examination Procedures and Acceptance Criteria ..... Normative References ...................8 Fillet Test Weldments and Acceptance Criteria.................................................13 4...........................................................................10 Hardfacing Test Weldment and Acceptance Criteria............6 Special Test Weldment Acceptance Criteria.......................................................... Performance Qualification................................................................29 5.......................... xiii 1...................................................2 3...........................1 Standard..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................6 Performance Qualification Variables ...31 5............................73 Annex E (Normative)—Radiographic Examination Procedure ....xii List of Figures... Scope..................................................279 xi ......................................................................................11 Stud Welds and Acceptance Criteria ..........................................................................................................................................12 Test Weldments less than 1/16 in [1.................................................................................. Personnel ..........................................................................................................................1 General................................273 Annex H (Informative)—Guidelines for the Preparation of Technical Inquiries...49 Annex C (Normative)—Filler Metal Grouping......................................9 Cladding Test Weldment and Acceptance Criteria ...................................47 Annex B (Normative)—Illustrations—Weld Position...............................................................................1/B2................. Test Specimens............................13 Welding Procedure Specification Data ....................................................................................................................4 4...................2 Qualification by Standard Test ..............................265 Annex G (Informative)—Macroetch Procedure.......4 4..xii List of Forms ..............................................4 4............................5 Qualification Thickness Limitations....................................................................14 4................31 5............................................................................11 4.............................................................AWS B2..............3 Welding Procedures Qualified by Employer ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................277 List of AWS Documents on Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification.................................... and Text Fixtures..............................4 Evaluation of Test Weldments ........... ..................................................14 Location of Fillet Weld Shear Test and Macroetch Specimens ....................37 Location of Bend Specimens—Combined Pipe Positions 2G and 5G .............................16 Location of Cladding Test Specimens ...................................................................... and Transverse Bend Specimens—Plate .................AWS B2...........................................................9 Minimum Shear Strength for Aluminum Fillet Welds ....................................8 C.....................................................1 4..........................8 4..............5 4...............8 5......................................3 E..........................4 5......262 Acceptable Rounded Discontinuities for Radiographic Examination ..................................................................................................................................3 5.....72 Listing of Base Metal Specifications—Ferrous Alloys ............31 Allowable Base Metals for Performance Qualification .......1/B2....5 5.17 Location of Hardfacing Test Specimens ........................................................................7 4...................................................................... Longitudinal Bend......................201 Listing of Base Metal Specifications—Iron Castings.................................8 Thickness Limitations of Plate and Pipe for Groove Welds for Procedure Qualification .17 Selection of Performance Qualification Method—Workmanship Test or Standard Test ...............................................3 4..................136 M-Number Listing of Base Metals—Nonferrous Alloys ..............................................................38 xii .......................34 Allowable Filler Metals for Performance Qualification ...........................................................................................13 Location of Tension................................7 5......................9 5........ Fracture Toughness.4 4..................1 5............44 Limitations for Performance Qualification in Pipe Fillet Welds .......................................................1 D............................................................................................................................ 2G...........................................................30 Number of Bend Tests for Performance Qualification ..............44 Grouping of Welding Electrodes and Rods for Qualification..................................12 Location of Tension................6 5......30 Typical Workmanship Test Weldments.............................................................................................1 D....................................................44 Limitations for Performance Qualification in Plate Groove Welds .........................1 4................................2 5....1 C.....................................................................1 E...........................................................................2 Page No...................................2 4............................... Welding Procedure Selection Criteria.................2 4...........5 Location of Groove Weld Test Specimens—Pipe......16 Minimum Tensile Load Requirements for Aluminum Stud Welds ......2 5..................2 D.......19 Examination Requirements for Performance Qualification..................2 D.......................112 M-Number Listing of Base Metals—Ferrous Alloys ....6 4.....................259 Acceptable Linear Discontinuities for Radiographic Examination ..................70 Classification of Ferrous Weld Metal for Procedure Qualification .1 5.......................3 4.....74 Listing of Base Metal Specifications—Nonferrous Alloys ......................................36 Limitations for Performance Qualification on Groove Welds in Pipe and Tube ...................................... 5G.262 List of Figures Figure 4..........19 Minimum Torque Requirements for Aluminum Stud Welds.........34 Position Limitations for Performance Tests......................11 Location of Test Specimens for Welded Box Tubing .......18 Minimum Torque Requirements for Steel Stud Welds ..................................4 4...................5 4............................................................................. Test Methods Required for Procedure Qualification ............8 Thickness and Size Limitations for Fillet Welds for Procedure Qualification ..........9 Thickness Limitations for Cladding and Hardfacing for Procedure Qualification....................4 Page No...................................................... and Fracture Toughness Specimens—Plate...............................................15 Fillet Weld Break Test and Macroetch Specimens for Procedure Qualification .......................3 5........7 4......................6 4....33 Location of 1G.................................2 D........... and 6G Bend Specimens—Pipe Groove Weldment ............1M:2009 List of Tables Table 4.................................. ................1C B.........61 Guided Bend Fixture—Bottom Ejecting Type ..............................................................1M:2009 Figure 5....52 Welding Test Positions—Fillet Welds .3C B........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ or Less ..........271 Example of a Welding Procedure Specification and a Procedure Qualification Record for Electroslag and Electrogas Welding ....................................................11 5...................61 Weld Cladding and Hardfacing Chemical Analysis Specimens ................................................................................................1A B....................... and Hardfacing Welds ....67 Rounded Indication Charts for Radiographic Examination.40 Location of Fillet Test Specimens—Plate........................................1 Page No........ and Hardfacing Welds..........5C B...........2A B................56 Longitudinal Face and Root Bend Specimens .................................... Location of Bend Specimens for Box Tube............................................3 F...................................................................................................................................................................................................57 Reduced Section Tension Specimen—Rectangular.............3B B...................................................................65 Stud Weld Torque Test Fixture ..........7 5...............................................1 F.............................5D B.............................9 5................................................................................62 Guided Bend Fixture—Bottom Type..................269 Example of a Welding Procedure Specification and a Procedure Qualification Record for Stud Welding....................................12 5..........55 Transverse Face and Root Bend Specimens ......41 Location of Fillet Test Specimens—Pipe ..............................................13 B.............................4A B..............................................................5 Page No.......................................................10 5.................................................................................................................42 Location of Test Specimen—Hardfacing Test Weldment—Plate........................63 Guided Bend Fixture—Wrap-Around ........................................................................272 xiii ............................267 Example of a Procedure Qualification Record .......8 5.......266 Example of a Welding Procedure Specification .....................................................53 Limits of Welding Positions—Fillet Welds ........................................ Cladding..................5 5...................................................... Example of a Performance Qualification Test Record.........................5A B...............................4B B............................................................................1B B........................................3A B....................1D B................................66 Stud Weld Tension Test Fixture .....................................................1/B2.....6 5......................................................................................................................57 Transverse Side Bend Specimens .........................AWS B2.............................................................................................59 Alternate Tension Specimen for Pipe 2 in [51 mm] O............................5E B.................................64 Stud Weld Bend Test Fixture ..................263 List of Forms Form F............60 Weld Cladding Side Bend Specimens...............................39 Location of Longitudinal Bend Specimens—Plate Groove Test Weldment...............................................41 Location of Fillet Test Specimens—Alternate Weld—Pipe ....................................54 Welding Positions—Stud Welds .......43 Welding Test Positions—Groove..................................................................................... or Less .........42 Location of Cladding Specimens—Plate ...........................58 Reduced Section Tension Specimen—Round .......2 F...2B B............39 Location of Transverse Bend Specimens—Plate Groove Weldment....4 F.........................59 Alternate Tension Specimen for Pipe 3 in [76 mm] O..........D........5F E...........................................................51 Limits of Welding Positions—Groove..............................................D..........1E B..........................................................3D B......2C B..................................... Cladding.......................................................40 Location of Fillet Test Specimens—Alternate Weldment—Plate ...........................5B B......................................................................................... Customary Units and the International System of Units (SI). or the provisions of later editions may be used when agreed upon by the contracting parties. Substitution of one base metal or filler metal for another. specifications.S. additional tests may be appropriate to verify the material’s suitability. Performance Qualification. The welding procedure may be an AWS Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) published by the American Welding Society. (3) Editions established by contract date may be used during the entire term of the contract. or it shall be qualified by the Employer as required under the rules of Clause 4. and quality control or quality assurance manuals. For some materials. Base metals and filler metals have been grouped into categories that will minimize the number of qualification tests required. It is the intent that this specification be referenced by other documents. postweld heat treatment. Scope ESW FCAW GMAW GTAW LBW OFW PAW SAW SMAW SW This specification provides requirements for welding procedure and welding performance qualification. Such documents are recognized in this specification as Referencing Documents. Procedure Qualification. nondestructive examination. This specification also defines and establishes qualification variables.1/B2. each system must be used independently. and test requirements applicable to the product.1M:2009 Specification for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification 1. Requirements imposed by the Referencing Document supersede the requirements of this specification. Procedure Qualification. should only be made after an evaluation of the material’s suitability for its intended use. Qualification requirements are based on the premise that the Referencing Document will specify fabrication. The latter are shown within brackets [ ] or in appropriate columns in tables and figures. therefore. interpass temperature. even when within the allowable rules. base metal. such as codes. contracts. This specification is intended for use with the following welding processes: EBW EGW = = = = = = = = = = = Electron Beam Welding = Electrogas Welding 1 . Electroslag Welding Flux Cored Arc Welding Gas Metal Arc Welding Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Laser Beam Welding Oxyfuel Gas Welding Plasma Arc Welding Submerged Arc Welding Shielded Metal Arc Welding Stud Arc Welding Employers shall be responsible for the welding performed by their organization. The requirements for the performance qualification of welders and welding operators are provided in Clause 5. and qualified welding operators. design. When not otherwise specified by the Referencing Document. preheat. qualified welders. The measurements may not be exact equivalents. This standard makes use of both U. The requirements for the qualification of welding procedures are provided in Clause 4. provided they also meet the requirements of this specification. Welding procedure and performance qualifications which meet the requirements of other codes and specifications are acceptable. Materials not listed require separate qualification. It is the Employer’s responsibility to assure that Welding Procedure Specifications (WPSs) meet all requirements of the Referencing Document.AWS B2. including the use of qualified welding procedures. the edition of this specification to be used should be established in accordance with the following: (1) Editions may be used at any time after the effective date of issue. (2) Latest edition of this document should be used for new contracts. filler metal.