ASME Y14.8M-1996 Castings and Forgings

June 28, 2018 | Author: Marco Antonio Rivera Vázquez | Category: Engineering Tolerance, Machining, Patent, Metalworking, Engineering
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ASME-Yl4.8M ADOPTION NOTICE ASME-Y14.8Mt l'Castings and Forgings", was adopted on 22-DEC-89 for use by the Department of Defense (DoD). Proposed changes by DoD activities must be submitted to the DoD Adopting Activity: Commander, US Army Armament, Munitions and Chemical Command (AMCCOM), U.S. Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC), ATTN: SMCAR-BAC-S,Bldg. 12, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806-5000. DoD activities may obtain copies of this standard from the Standardization Document Order Desk, 700 Robbins Avenue, Building 4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094. The private sector and other Government agencies may purchase copies from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 East 47th Street, New York, New York 10017. Custodians: Army - AR Navy - OS Air Force - 16 Adopting Activities: Army - AR 1 --`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Reviewer Activities: Army - AT, AV, GL, ME Air Force - 11, 99 FSC DRPR DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: is unlimited. Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Approved for public release; distribution Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001, 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295. --`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001, 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295. ~~ S T D - A S M E Y L q - B M - E N G L Lq7b 0 7 5 7 b 7 0 0578538 78T i ADOPTION NOTICE 1 22 December 1989 for ASME Y14.8M-1989 18 September 1989 ADOPTION NOTICE The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Document ASME Y14.8M-1989 was adopted on 22December the Naval Publications and Forms Center, 5801 Tabor Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19120 for issue to DoD activities only. Other Government activities, contractors, private concerns, or other requestors must obtain the document from: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers United Engineering Center 345 East 47th Street New York, NY 10017 or The American National Standards Institute 1430 Broadway New York, N.Y. 10018 TITLE OF DOCUMENT: Castings and Forgings DATE OF SPECIFIC ISSUE ADOPTED: 15 September 1989 RELEASING INDUSTRY GROUP: The American Socieîy of Mechanical Engineers NOTICE: When reaffirmation, amendment, revision or cancellation of this standard is initially proposed, the industry group responsible for ,this standard shall inform the military coordinating activity of the proposed change and request participation. Custodians: Army - AR Navy - OS Air Force - 16 Review Activities: Army - AV, ME, MI Navy - AS, MC, SA, SH, TD, YD Air Force - 11, 99 Military Coordinating Activity: Army - AR (Project DRPR-0308) User Activities: Army - AT, GL, CE, CR AREA DRPR DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001, 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295. --`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- 1989 and is approved for use by the Department of Defense (DoD). Copies of this document are stocked at ``...`...-`-`.```.8M-1996 (RtViSiOIl Of ASME Y 14.`.STD.IMGS ASME Y 14.``...``.`.`--- CASTINGS .ASNË YLq.`. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.8H-ENGL 199b m 0759b70 0578539 b L b m The American Society of Mechanical Engineers A N A M E R I C A N N A T I O N A L S T A N D A R D AND FOR[. --`.`.`.8M-1989) Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.`.... .`. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form... and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable Letters Patent. There will be no addenda or written interpretations of the requirements of this Standard issued to this edition.``.A.." "rate. is entirely their own responsibility.STD.`.`.-`-`.. ASME YL4. 1996 This Standard will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition.`. nor assume any such liability. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment which provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry. construction.S. NY 10017 Copyright O 1996 by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS All Rights Reserved Printed i n U. This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards.0 7 5 7 b 7 0 0578540 338 Date of Issuance: December 30. i n an electronic retrieval system or otherwise. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that the determination of the validity of any such patent rights. and the public-at-large.. ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document. academia.`--- Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001. --`.``... ASME accepts responsibility for onlythose interpretations issued in accordance with governing ACME procedures and policies which preclude the issuance of interpretations by individual volunteers. regulatory agencies.`.`.``. without the prior written permission of the publisher.8M-ENGL L77b M . proprietary device. and the risk of the infringement of such rights. ASME does not "approve.```. . ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. or activity." or "endorse" any item. Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard.`.. The American Society of Mechanical Engineering 345 East 47th Street New York.. The Consensus Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. . nor does it presume to restrict drawing content to only that which appears herein.`--- (This Foreword is ..com 免费下载 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001. New York.`... --`. III 标准分享网 www..`. They should be sent to The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.) This revision of ASME Y 14..```. In addition..~ _ _ _ ~~ STD-ASME YL4-8M-ENGL 199b 0 7 5 9 b 7 0 0578543 274 FOREWORD not part of ASME Y14.8M-I989 includes changes to both the text and Figures to better illustrate drafting practices pertaining to casting/forging drawings. Y 14 Main Committee. This revision was approved as an American National Standard on March 8.-`-`.`. This Standard does not intend to suggest that the types of casting and forgings presented herein are more important than those not presented..``. NY 10017.``. 1996. Drawings must convey design intent and be complete enough that a designed part can be produced from them.`.``.8M-1996..bzfxw. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.`. Figures were added to illustrate the definitions of terms used in the Standard. Suggestions for improvement of this Standard will he welcome.. 345 East 47th Street..`. Secretary.`.. This Standard has been produced in a manner that is independent of the system of measurement to be used. Inc. Bakos. T. Department of the Army. Sandia National Laboratory P. Whitmire. The Boeing Company S. A.CASTINGS AND FORGINGS R. A.D. Coombes. Honsinger. Bakos. Southwest Consultants D. Copeland Corporation J. Wreede. Curtis. H. Jr. E.. C. McKim.`. A. Chair. Pratt &Whitney R.. H.``.. Heimbach. Jakstis. Tremblay. Parker Bertea Aerospace E. Bowerman. Secretary. Santa Cruz Technology Center P.`. L. Gomez. U. Polizz D.``. O. Chadderdon. W.J. Merkley. E.. Chair A. V. H. Technical Resource Center W. G. Chadderdon. Weigandt. R. Caterpillar Inc.-`-`. Vice Chair.) OFFICERS F. The Boeing Company T.S. P. C. Richards.. Eastman Kodak Co.W.`. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295. Woodward Governor Co. Inc. Monroe Community College C. D.. Niemiec. Secretary COMMITTEE PERSONNEL A. E-Systems.``. D. Precision Products Inc. Pruss. J. A.. Hagler. Anderson. Jr. Benoit. Inc. Day.ASME STANDARDS COMMITTEE Y14 Engineering Drawing and Related Documentation Practices (The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard. Ragon. J.. IBM Corporation E. ARDEC G. Caterpillar.. Rivers. Rexnord Corporation R. . Jr. E. Garland Division C. Cercast Inc. Product Technologies Inc. Debolt. E. Burleigh.Husum. ALCOA Forged Products J.`. Kaminski. J. TECíTREND K. Orris. A. Dimensional Control Systems F.. --`. Anderson.. E-Systems.`. Deere & Company. W. Watervliet Arsenal D. Gneiding. L. R. The Boeing Company J. Benet Laboratory.```. Foster Associates. E. The Boeing Company R... E.`--- Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001. Motorola. Lance. A. D. SUBCOMMITTEE 8 . Westinghouse Electric Corporation R. Vice Chair C. Pearl. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers D.`. E. Government & Systems Technology Group L. General Motors Powerirain Group. Foster. R. D. John Deere Dubuque Works R. Southwest Consultants M. Gomez. Inc.`. . . ... ... .. ..... . . ...... . . ... . ... .. . . .. .. . . 3 . . ....... . . . 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 Datum Referencing . .. ..... .. . ... .. . ... .. .7 Fillet Radii .. . . .. .... . .... 4.... . ..... .. .... . ..... .. . . . .. . ... ... . 4. . .. ... . . .... . .. 3. .. .... 4. .. . . . . .. . .... .. .. . .4 Comer Radii ..I8 Profile Tolerances . . ..... .... . .. . . ... ... . . .. ... .. . .. . . . .4 End Item Drawings ..... ... . .. .. ... . . .... . . . . . .. . . . . . ... .. .. . ..... .. .. .... . ... .. .. . . .. . ........ . . 3. . .. . .. ..3 As-Cast/As-Forged Surfaces .. . . .. . . . . ... . .... . ... . ... .. .. . .. . . . .. . .~ _ _ _ _ S T D ..... . ..3 Definitions .... . ...... .. .... .... . .. . .. . ..... 4.. . . . . . . . .. . .. . ... . . . . . ..... . .. .. . ... . 3. . .. . ... .... . .. .. .. . ... 2. . . .. ... .... . .... .`........ . . . .... . ........ ............. . .... . . . . . . ... . . .. .. . . . . . .. .... . .. .. . . .`. . ... . .. . ... .. . .. . .. .. . ... .. ... ... .. . .. . . .. . .... . .. ... .1 General .. . . . . . .... . . .`--- 标准分享网 www.. ..... . . . ... .. . ...... . . Standards Commit tee Roster .. . ... ... ... .. . . .. ..... . . . . ... .10 Form Tolerances ... 3 .. . . . . .1 I Marking . ..16 Grain Direction . .. ... . .... . . .. . 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295. .... . . . . .. .... . .. . .. . .. . ... .... .... ..... .. .. .12 Match Draft .. . . .. ... . ... .. .. .. . . . .. . .. . . . . . . .. ... .14 Parting Lines . ..... . . . . . ... .... ... . . .. . . . .. .bzfxw. . . . . .. . . .. ..com 免费下载 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001. .. . ... . . ..2 Application .. . ..... . .... .. . . . . ... . .... . .. .. .. . . . ... .. . . . . . . ... . .. . . . . . ... . .. .. . . . . .. . . ... .13 Mismatch . ... . ....... . . .. .. .. . .. .. Definitions. . . . . . ..... .. . . 3.. ... . .. . . .. . . . .. .. . . . .. 3.. .. .. .... . . . . .. . ..2 References ... . . . . . .... . .1 General ... ... ...```. . . ... and Terms . ... . .. ... ... 3. ... . . ... ... . . 3. . . ......`. .. . 3.. .. .. . ... ... ..-`-`. .. .. . ... ...2 Drawings Containing Separate Views ..5 Tooling Centers and Tooling Holes .. . ... . ... ... .. . . . . . .. . .... . ... . .. ..`. ... . . .5 Die Closure Tolerance . .. . . .. .... . ... . ... . . .1 General . .. . . .3 Drawings Containing Combined Views . .. . . . ..``.. . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. . . .4 Machining Datum Reference Frame . . .... ... . .... . ... . ... .. ...``.. .. . ..... ..... .. . . . . .. .. . . 3.`.. .... . ... . . .. . I5 Sharp Comers .. . .. .. 3. .. .. . ... .. . . . . . . . . 3 Drawing Requirements ... ... .... . . ... . .. ..... .. .. ..3 Datum Targets . . .. . .....9 Forging Plane .. . . . . ... ... .. . .. ... . . .8 M .. .. .... 3... . . . .. ..A S M E Y L 4 . . . ..... ... .... .. .. . . .... ... ... . .. . ..6 Equalizing Datums . . . . .. . .. .2 Dimensions .... .. . .... .. 2....... . .. 3. .. . ... ... ...... . . . . . . . ...17 Special Requirements .... . .. . ... ... . . .. . . ...... ..1 General .. . . .... ... .. . ..... . 4.. .... . .. . .... . ..... .... .. .6 Draft Angle . I ..`. . ....``.... .. ... . .. .. . .. . .. .8 Flash Extension . .. .... . ... . .. ... .. . ... .. 2... . ..... . .. .... . . .. ... . . 3. . . .. . .. . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .... . 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 4 7 7 7 --`.. .. 3.. ... . . .. . ... . ... . .. . .. ... ... . . . . .... ... .. ... ...... . ....... ..... . . .. . ..... .... .. .. . . . .. .. . . ....... . . ...... . . . . . .. . .. . . . .`. ... 3....... . . .... .......... . . .. ... . . . . .. ...E N G L L77b m ~ ~ 0 7 5 7 b 7 0 0578543 047 CONTENTS Foreword . ... ... .... .... ...... . . . .... . .. 2 Drawing Presentation . 1. . . .. ... ... .. .. . 111 V 1 Scope.. ... .. ... . . . .... .. .... .. 3. .... .. . . .. . .... 2. . . .. .... ... . 1. . .. . . ... .. 4... . . .. ... .. .. . .. . . .. ... ... . . . .... . ....... .. . . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .1(b) 3.. ... 39 39 39 40 B B1 B2 B3 Sample Notes . . ... VI11 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.. .. 11 Datum Plane and Forging Plane Parallel ... . .. . . .. . .. .. 43 43 43 43 .. ... . . . .... .. . . . .. ... .. . .. . ... . . ...... . ... . . . . .... . .. .. .. ... . .. . . . ... .. .. . . .. . . . 26 Optimum Spacing of Datum Targets . . . . ... .. . . . .. .. . . . . .... .. . ... . . . .. . . . .. . .. .. . . ... . . . 27 Datum Targets Offset From the Datum Plane ... ..... . . .... .. . .. .... . .. ... .. .. . 31 32 Tooling Centers Establishing an Axis ... . 20 Profile Tolerancing . . .. . . . . .. .. . . ... .. . . .. . . .. . .... ... .. .. .. .. .. . .. . . .. . . ... . ... . .-`-`. . . . 13 Flash Extension and Mismatch .. . . .. ... . ..... .. .. .. ..... .. . . . . ... .. .. . . .. . . .. ... ... .... . ... .. . . .. . .... ... . .. ...... .. 16 Mismatch Tolerance . . . ... ... . ... 25 Datum Target Location .. . ... . ... .. . . . .. . . 36 Movable Datum Target Symbol Form and Proportion .... ...2 Drawing Note items .. .. . . ... . Forging Terms .. .. . . . . . .. . .. .. ... ..... ...... . .. . . .. . .. .. .......... . .. .. .`--- Appendices . . 12 Defined Forging Plane Not Parallel to Datum Plane . . 5.. ... . ..I (a) 3.. . IO Draft Construction . .... .. .. .... .... . . . ... .... . .. ... . . .. ... ... ... . . . . . ... .. .. . . . . . . . . . ... .. ..... .... ..... ... . . . .. . .. . . . . . . ... . ... . ... .. . . . .. .. .. . . . . . ... 12 Flash Extension . . . .. . .. . . .... ... ... . . . . .. . ... . .. .1 2-2 2-3 3.. .. .. ... . 34 Movable Datum Targets Establishing Two Datum Center Planes . . ... . . .. . .. . . .. . ... .. . ...... . . . ... . . .. ... ....`.. ... .. . ..... .. . .. . .... . .. .. .. 37 37 37 Fillet and Comer Radii .. .. . . . . .. . ... . ..5 Figures 1-1 2... ... ... Surface Straightness Control illustrating Effect of Form Control Exemption . 30 Machined Datum Features Located From CastForged Datums . . .. . . .. . 24 Datum Targets Within Same Die Segment .. .. . .. . ... .. . . .. ... . .. ... .. . ... . .. .. ... . . . ... ... .. . .. . ... ....`. 5 End Item Drawing .. .. .. .. .....`. . .. . . 15 Match Draft .. . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . . . .... ... .. .. .. ..... .. . ........ .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. ...... . ... 6 Die Closure Not Specified . . . . ... . . . . . . . ... . . .. . .. .. . . . . .. .. . . . .`. ....IS(@ 4-15(b) Drawing Notes .. . .. .. ...... ... . .. . .. .. .. . . . . .. Sample Forging Notes .. .... . . . . .. .. . .. . . . .. 17 Parting Line Locations . ..... . ... . . . ... 9 Die Closure Specified and Parting Line Not Indicated .`.. ..... . . .. .. . .. ... . .. . . 14 Flatness Control Illustrating Effect of Form Control Exemption .. . ... .. .. . .. .. .. .. ..... .. ... . .. .... . ... . . . . . . ... ...... .. . . . .. . .. . .. ... .. . . . . ... . .. .... . .. . . . . . . . . . . ..Optimum Spacing Considerations ... . . . ... 25 Datum Targets Located Opposite Machined Surfaces . .. . . . ..... 18 .. 28 Effect of Draft and Parting Line on Datums . Grain Direction Specified ...... . .``. . . . . ... . . . ........ . .. A AI A2 A3 Casting Terms ... 19 Special Requirements .. . .. .. . . . . . . .. . .... 35 Equalized Datums Established by Fixed Datum Targets .... .... . .... . . 8 Die Closure Specified and Parting Line I icated .. . . .. .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . . .. .`... .... . ... .. .. . . .. . .1 General .. .. .. . . . . .. . . . General .. . ... .. .. . . .. . .. .... . . .. .. . .. . . . . . .. .. .....``... . . .. . . . . .. .. .. . .. . . .. ... . . . ...... . .. . . ...... . . . . . .. . . ... ... .. .. .... --`.. . . 21 Datum Targets Establishing a Datum Reference Frame ... .. . . .. . . . . .. . .. . .. . . . .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. . .. . .. ... . .... .`.. .. . ..... .. .. . .. .. . ... . . ... . . .. ..l(c) 3-2 3-3(a) 3-3(b) 3-4(a) 3-4(b) 3-5 3-6 3-7 3-8 3-9 3-10 3-1 1 3-12 4... ... . . 4 Combined Views Drawing .... . ... . . . .. . ... . ... 29 Placement of Repetitive Dimensions Affected by Draft . .. . .... .. . .. . .. . 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.. .. .. ... .. . . .. .. Tooling Centers Establishing Center Planes . . . .. . . .. .. . .. . . ... .```..I 4-2 4-3 4-4 4-5 4-6 4-7 4-8 4-9 4-10 4-1 I 4-12 4-13 4-14 4. .. .. . ... .. . .. . . . ... .... . . .. . . . ....... . . . . . .. . . . . ..... ... . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . ... .. . . .. . . . ....... . . . ..... ........ . 5. .. . .. . . . . ..... 36 Glossary .. . .``.. . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . ... . ... . . . .. . . .. . ... . . .... .. 36 Movable Datum Target Symbol Application .... . ... .. . . ... .. .. .. ... .. .. . . .. . . . .. . . . . . .. .. . .. . . .. . .. . . ..... . . . . . . . .. .. 2 Separate Views Drawing ... .. . .. . ... . . Sample Casting Note . ......... .. . . . . . . . . .... .. . ... . . . . .... . . .. . . .... . . . .. ... .. . ... . ... .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. 33 Movable Datum Targets Establishing a Datum Center Plane .. .. .. . . .. . . ... ... .. .. .... . . . . .. . .. Surface With Draft .... .. . . . . . . ... .. . Machine Allowance . . General . Machine Allowance .. .... ...... . . ... ..... .. .. .... Application to a Combined View (CastingíForging and Machining Requirements) Drawing . .. . .. . . ........... ... .. .. ..`.`........ ..`. . .. . .. . .. .. .. .. . . . .. . 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295......... ... .. Machine Allowance ...`--- C-6 c-7 D. .. .. ..... ... ....... .....``.... ..... .. .... .. ..... ... .. Combined View (Casting and Machining Requirements) Drawing ... . ..bzfxw. ... .. . . .... Drafting Practice ..... .. . ....... Machine Allowance . . .... .......Portion of Surface h Draft ..... .. . .I Origin of Draft and Parting Line .. . .```. ....-`-`.. .. .... ..... ...... .... .. ...C CI c2 C3 c4 c5 D Profile Tolerance System for Dimensioning and Tolerancing Casting/Forging Drawings ......... .. ... .. . . ... ...... . .. .. .. .. ..... ..... .. .. ..``.. .. . .. Sample Drawing ..`.``. .. . .... .. . .. ....... ..... . . . . ... . . . ix 标准分享网 www. .... . . .. ..... . Surface Without Draft .. ... .. . . ... . ... Profile Tolerance System .. .. . .. . .... Precision Forging Drawing Sample .com 免费下载 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.... . Machine Allowance .. ....... . . . . ... .`.. 45 45 45 45 45 46 55 Figures c-1 c-2 c-3 e-4 c-5 48 49 49 50 51 52 53 56 --`...... .... . .... ... .... ...... ..`.... . .... . . . . .. ....... . ........ ..... .... .......... ...`.Fillet . . . ..Chamfered Comer .. . ..... ...... ... . . . ....... Figures . . .. ... ... . .. .. .. . ... .... The absence of a Figure illustrating the desired application is neither reason to assume inapplicability nor basis for drawing rejection. Where the following American National Standard referred to in this Standard is superseded by a revision approved by the American National Standards Institute. any reference to features. The methods of dimensioning and tolerancing shall be in accordance with ASME Y14.ASME Y14. in other instances. Where drawings are based on this Standard. Unless otherwise specified.8M-1996 --`.```. The International System of Units (SI) The following terms are defined as their use applies in this Standard.`. Dimensioning and Tolerancing..`--- ENGINEERING DRAWING AND RELATED DOCUMENTATION PRACTICES CASTINGS AND FORGINGS 1 Scope. and Terms 1. Figures are incomplete by intent. the surface of a forging that results when abrasive tools are used to remove surface discontinuities fillet radius: the concave radius on the surface of a part connecting intersecting surfaces (see Fig. 1-1) corner radius (edge radiusJ: 1 . from a mold (see Fig. the revision shall apply. Notes in lower case are explanatory only and are not intended to appear on drawings.I... this fact shall be noted o n the drawings or in a document referenced on the drawings.4 Notes.`.1 General 1..3 Figures. References to this Standard shall state “ASME Y 14. parts or processes shall be interpreted as applying to both castings and forgings. 3-2) dress out: a localized depression on.`. 3-4) push: a condition of a surface having all elements in one plane (refer to ASME Y14. Numerical values of dimensions and tolerances are illustrative only. ASME Y l 4 .) customary units.1.1.1. 3-1) die closure: the taper (angle) applied to selected surfaces to aid in the removal of a part from a die or a pattern draft: 1. Notcs hercin in capital letters are intended to appear on drawings.” allowable part thickness variation caused by inconsistent mating of opposing segments of a mold or die (see Fig.``. In some instances. 1.S. The Figures in this Standard are intended only as illustrations to aid the user in undcrstanding the principles and methods of drawing described in the text.2 Reference to This Standard..3 Definitions is used in this Standard because SI units are expected to supersede United States (U.``. 3-3) f i q i n g plane: 1. Castings and forgings are delineated as casting/forging throughout the Standard. a plane perpendicular to the forging direction. I.``.5M and this Standard.5 Dimensioning and Tolerancing. 1.`.i ) excess material which results from leakage between mating surfaces of a mold or die (see Fig.. It normally coincides with the principal mating faces of a set of dies (sce Fig.5M) Jatnes: 1. the convex radius on the surface of a part connecting intersecting surfaces (see Fig. Customary units could equally well be used without prejudice to the principles established.. . Definitions..-`-`.8M-1996.1 Units. Figures show added detail for emphasis. M 1994.1. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295. a channel in a mold through which molten material flows into the mold cavity gate: I Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.`.`..2 References This Standard covers definitions of terms and features unique to casting and forging technologies with recommendations for their uniform description and inclusion on engineering drawings and related documents.`. Other commonly used casting/forging terms are defined in Appendix A. . and 4-13) parting line ( a ) the separation between the mold or die segments.. Flash. due to scale in the dies FIG.`--- Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.STD.com 免费下载 --`. 3-2) Corner (edge) radius movable targets: two or more targets with a controlled simultaneous motion used for centering parts (see Para.. 4.`...bzfxw. 4-12. (b) a line on the drawing representing the mated surfaces of the die or mold segments (see Fig.`.AM-ENGL 199b ASME Y14. Figs.``. 4-4.```. 3-7) C o r n e r (edge) radius mismatch: the offset of features on a part caused by misalignment of opposing segments of a mold or die (see Fig.6.``. fins.`..-`-`. 1-1 FILLET AND CORNER RADII riser: a reservoir of molten metal connected to the casting to provide additional metal to the casting during solidification grain direction: the predominant orientation of the fibrous crystalline structural units of wrought metals (see Fig.8M-1996 0759b70 05785q7 7 9 2 m CASTINGS AND FORGINGS draft allowance would result in an offset of the surfaces at the parting line (see Fig.`.`. 3-8) l i \ ' mold line: a line generated by the theoretical intersection of projected surfaces (see Fig.. or material seepage is usually produced on the part periphery where the parting line emerges. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.. .``.`.5M) match drap: additional draft allowance permitted on matching surfaces at parting lines when the normal 2 标准分享网 www..`. 3-9) Fillet radius scale pit: a surface depression formed on a forging during the forging operation. 3-10) straightness: a condition where an element of a surface or an axis is a straight line (refer to ASME Y14.ASME YLq. Notes and tolerances relative to casting/forging shall be distinguished from those relative to machining.``. 2. Phantom lines may be used to show the casting/forging outline (see Fig.. Surfaces may be cast/forged or machined to meet drawing requirements.. 2-2).``.ASME Y 14.3 Drawings Containing Combined Views Both the casting/forging requirements and the machining requirements are shown in superimposed views.`.`..``..`.. Phantom lines may be used on the casting/ forging views to show the outline of the part configuration after machining (see Fig. 2.`--- 2.-`-`.. 2... 2-1). 3 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.1 General This Section establishes methods of preparing casting/ forging drawings. 2-3).8M-1996 CASTINGS AND FORGINGS 2 Drawing Presentation --`. .```.`.`.`.2 Drawings Containing Separate Views The casting/forging requirements and the machining requireinents are shown in separate views or on separate drawings. Notes relative to machining shall be listed separately (see Fig.. Due to the possibility of conflicting casting/forging and machining requirements.4 End Item Drawings An end item drawing defines either an individual part or assembly in its final or completed state. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.`. combined view drawings should be used with caution. .com 免费下载 --`.`..`.`..`..``.ASME Y14.bzfxw.8M-1996 CASTINGS AND FORGINGS L 2x 50. 2-1 SEPARATE VIEWS DRAWING 4 标准分享网 www...8+ (b) Machlnlng Requirements 12.`.```.`--- Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001. .`..-`-`.``.`.``.2 FIG. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295... 2 --`.....`.`--- 2X 17. 8 123 FIG.`.``.`....`.-`-`..S T D . 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.8M-1996 CASTINGS AND FORGINGS P “\-ti P i7.A S M E YLq.`.``.``.. 2-2 COMBINED VIEWS DRAWING 5 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.BM-EN¿L Lïïb 0759b70 0578550 Z 8 j ASME Y14.8 61 UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: LINEAR TOLERANCE i z O .8 76. .```.`.`. 8 i-..`--- 7!'2 > - y - 6d.`.9 i7..--18.`.``.`.6 .```.A S M E Y L 9 .S T D .2 FIG..- 22.bzfxw.``.``..com 免费下载 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.`.. i \ .-`-`..`.`. .`.8M-1996 CASTINGS AND FORGINGS . 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295..- -C 4-6 12... 2-3 END ITEM DRAWING 标准分享网 www.B M .E N G L 3 7 7 b m 0Fii7b70 0578553 333 m ASME Y14.5 1 --`. material identification. riser stubs. Dimensions are to the mold lines of features unless otherwise specified (see Fig. the surface texture value shall be specified. the perfect form boundary at MMC established by dimensional limits shall not be exceeded by the addition of form tolerances.1 General 3.4 Corner Radii Comer radii size and tolerance shall be specified on the drawing. etc. 7 --`. etc. 3-l(a).3.. depressed. Gates. 3.```. Casting/forging drawings shall define applicable identification information such as: ( a ) type of marking (raised. may exceed perfect form boundary at maximum material condition (MMC) unless otherwise specified.3 As-CastIAs-Forged Surfaces 3.`. Where machining is permitted. . equipment identification (pattern.7 Fillet Radii This Section establishes items unique to castings/ forgings not defined by other standards that should be defined on the drawing. Where a surface may retain gates. location of marking..-`-`. Draft angle shall be accounted for in determining datum targets and datum positions (see para...`. etc. 3-3(b)].). straightness and profile shall be specified where applicable. (b). die number. Draft may exceed perfect form boundary at MMC unless otherwise specified.`. 3-2). and (c)]. 3-2 and 4-6).5 Die Closure Tolerance 3. 3. flash. 3.2). Flash extension may exceed perfect form boundary at MMC unless otherwise specified [see Figs.8M-1996 3 Drawing Requirements 3. risers. heat/lot/melt number.S T D . Fillet radii size and tolerance shall be specified on the drawing.. etc. riser stubs. rubber stamp. such as flatness.10 Form Tolerances Form tolerances.... a specified limit beyond the dimensional tolerance shall be defined. The forging plane shall be indicated as an extension line on the forging drawing (see Fig.``. casting/forging part number. date code. not the datum plane (see Figs.8 Flash Extension 3.A S M E YL4*8fl-ENGL L79b H 0 7 5 7 b 7 0 0 5 7 8 5 5 2 0 5 T CASTINGS AND FORGINGS ASME Y14.`--- Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.11 Marking Die closure tolerance is applied to the appropriate dimensions [see Figs. 3-5 or Fig.2 Dimensions The limits of permissible flash extension shall be specified on the drawing.`. 3-3). 4. Draft angle is related to the forging plane. Draft may be shown for drawing clarity (see Figs. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295. 3-6).``.`. 3. 3. 3.. Unless noted otherwise.`. 3-4(a) and (b)]. The orientation of the forging plane shall be defined if it is not parallel to a datum plane [see Fig.``.`. Bash. The perfect form boundary exemption may be used as necessary to permit form tolerances to exceed the size tolerance (see Fig. 3-3(a) and (b)]. foundry or forging manufacturer identification.6 Draft Angle Draft angle and tolerance shall be specified.).. serial number.9 Forging Plane Drawings shall specify whether machining as-casti as-forged surfaces is permitted or prohibited (other than for removing gates.. ~ STD-ASME Y L q ..```..`.`--- Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001. .``..E N G L 277b 0757b70 0578553 T7 b CASTINGS AND FORGINGS ASME Y14.-`-`..com 免费下载 --`.``.`..bzfxw.. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.``.`.`.`..`.3-l(a) DIE CLOSURE NOT SPECIFIED 8 标准分享网 www..`.8M-1996 MEANS THIS THIS ON THE DRAWING DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCE: f 0..B M .8 EXCEPT AS NOTED Datum plane AL Die closure tolerance is included i n dimensions shown UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: FIG. 3.```.`.. DATUM B (SECONDARY).-`-`...`--- Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.8 f3CEPT AS NOTED DIE CLOSURE TOLERANCE: L 152 33 - I t PARTING UNE 28 f Ir Datum plane A U UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: DIMENSIONS ARE RELATED TO DATUM A (PRIMARY). 3-l(b) DIE CLOSURE SPECIFIED AND PARTING LINE INDICATED --`.`...`.`.`. l .! FIG.``. AND DATUM C (TERTIARY) 1 .`.``. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.8M-1996 CASTINGS AND FORGINGS I MEANS THIS THIS ON M E DRAWING DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCE f0....``.: Die closure tolerance applies to dimensions that cross the parting line..ASME Y14.`. -`-`.`--- DIE CLOSURE TOLERANCE: .8 EXCEPT AS NOTED T: 154.`.S T D .``.com 免费下载 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.8M-1996 CASTINGS AND FORGINGS MEANS THIS THIS ON THE DRAWING DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCE: f 0..`.```.``.3 31.3 150.E N G L L99b 0759670 0578555 8b9 ASME Y14...`.A S M E Y L q * B M .`.`..``. 3-I(c)DIE CLOSURE SPECIFIED AND PARTING LINE NOT INDICATED 10 标准分享网 www.7 35. --`..`.bzfxw..7 i Parting line -7 '> \ D a t u m plane A A UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: Die closure tolerance applies to flagged dimensions FIG... 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.`.. ``.5 Parting Line FIG. 3-2 DRAFT CONSTRUCTION II --`.8M-1996 CASTINGS AND FORGINGS -ti----II Mold Line w j 1 ?$Draft Angle 'i 1.`.`.`..``...`.```.-`-`. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295. 3.``..ASME Y14...`.`..6 ..`--- Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.`.. . (see Fig. 3. .. mismatch. FORGING PLANE --`..-`-`.8M-1996 CASTINGS AND FORGINGS 3. 3.13 Mismatch FORGING PLANE Mismatch. PARTING LINE iFORGING PLANE MATCH DRAFT i FORGING PI ANF 3. where applicable.. The use of profile of a surface tolerance requires that the profile tolerance value for each surface be determined by including tolerances associated with cast/ forged processes. 3-3(aI DATUM PLANE AND FORGING PLANE PARALLEL Casting/forging drawings shall specify the requirements of comers shown sharp. and form on the field of the drawing..12 Match Draft Match draft shall be specified where applicable (see Fig. where shown. Where it is desirable to account for specific variations such as die closure. 3.```.`. Mismatch may exceed perfect form boundary at MMC.`.bzfxw. radiographic grade. 3-7). 1 1 FIG.15 Sharp Corners FIG. it shall be shown in the appropriate view (see Fig.16 Grain Direction Where a grain direction requirement is specified on the drawing. Parting lines..`. 3-3 and Fig.18 Profile Tolerances c1-s 2 The profile tolerance system uses datum reference frames. a combination of toleranced and basic dimensions utilizing profile tolerancing may be used (see Fig.`. close flash trim.`. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295. 3-1 i ) . shall be specified as a maximum value.`.17 Special Requirements Areas of a casting/forging may be defined as special requirement areas. 3-8). basic dimensions. and geometric profile of a surface tolerance to define and control cadforged surfaces.``. 3-3(b) DEFINED FORGING PLANE NOT PARALLEL TO DATUM PLANE 12 标准分享网 www. 3-10).PARTING LINE 3. shall be identified (see Fig. size.`--- '.A S M E YLLi %l-ENGL L77b 0757b7O 0578557 b 3 C I ACME Y14.`. etc. Parting lines are generally not shown on casting drawings. unless otherwise noted (see Fig. 3-12). 3-9).com 免费下载 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.``..14 Parting Lines Forging parting lines should be shown on the drawing and depicted as a phantom line extending beyond the part in applicable views.S T D . A labeled chain line and appropriate notes designate the area's location and special requirement such as high stress..``.. PARTING LINE P 3. .-`-`.`.``..8M-ENGL~Lïïb 0 7 5 7 b 7 0 0 5 7 8 5 5 8 578 CASTINGS AND FORGINGS 1 ACME Y14. 3-4(a) FLASH EXTENSION 13 --`.`--- Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001...``. 3-4(b) FLASH EXTENSION AND MISMATCH FIG.8M-1996 THIS ON THE DRAWING THIS ON THE DRAWING PARTING LINE FUSH EXTENSION: 2 MAX MISMATCH: 5 MAX FLASH EXTENSION: 3 MAX MEANS THIS MEANS THIS 4 +Flash extension PARTING LINE y Flash extension FIG..``.`.```.`..`. . 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.`...`..`.= ~ STD-ASME YL4. ``.8M-1996 /" / I I t 7.`.com 免费下载 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.bzfxw...5 Allowed 1 __------ _ / - 0. 3-5 SURFACE STRAIGHTNESS CONTROL ILLUSTRATING EFFECT OF FORM CONTROL EXEMPTION 14 标准分享网 www. .`.``.0 Size Tolerance Size tolerance t Straightness deviation --`.-`-`.`--- FIG..8 6..``.E N G L L77b 0578557 qOq M CASTINGS AND FORGINGS ASME Y14..2-7.`..```..2.`.`.`.i 0757b70 STD.ASME YLLI B M .0 PERFECT FORM 6 .. 2 AT MMC NOT REQD - THIS ON THE DRAWING 13.1 O MEANS THIS ..`. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295. `..0 t Size Tolerance Size tolerance FIG. .-`-`.1c MEANS THIS . 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.2-7.```.5 Allowed flatness deviation 9.0-6..2..``..``.5 Outer boundary _---_ ....`.`.--`..`--- ASME Y14.8M-1996 CASTINGS AND FORGINGS L 7.`..``._ 6...2 PERFECT FORM AT MMC NOT REQD THIS ON THE DRAWING 13.`.`.. 3-6 FLATNESS CONTROL ILLUSTRATING EFFECT OF FORM CONTROL EXEMPTION Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.`. - PARTING LINE --`.bzfxw..`. FIG..`.``.-.`..`.`--- DRAFT ANGLE: 3’ MATCH DRAFT AS REQUIRED 14 ic PARTING LINE -113.8M-1996 THIS ON THE DRAWING ul l4 MAY MEAN EITHER OF THESE it14T” 141 t T PARTING LINE / -.`..``.CASTINGS AND FORGINGS ASME Y14.`....``.. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295..`.-.. 3-7 MATCH DRAFT 标准分享网 www.```.-`-`.com 免费下载 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001. .. `.`.`--- Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.```.-`-`..`..``. 3-8 MISMATCH TOLERANCE 17 --`.8M-1996 CASTINGS ANO FORGINGS S ON THE DRAWING 1 LINE I ESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: :NSIONAL TOLERANCE f 2 &TCH: 3 MAX IEANS THIS 1 Mlsrnatch Is additive to dlmensional limlts FIG...`...``.`.. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.`.``.ASME Y14.`. ... ```...`.`.``.`..com 免费下载 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.`--- Dimensions and tolerances exclude draft.``....bzfxw..`.. --`.CASTINGS AND FORGINGS ACME Y14.`.-`-`.``.`.8M-I996 MAY MEAN ANY OF THESE Poi M PARTING LINE LOCATION OPTIONAL t Parting line W" I Parting line I P80i M L 4 Parting line Draft adds mass. 3-9 PARTING LINE LOCATIONS 标准分享网 www. FIG..`. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295. . ``..`--- FIG.`.`.``. ..CASTINGS AND FORGINGS ASME Y14.`..``..`.8M-1996 ' GRAIN DIRECTION --`.`.. 3-10 GRAIN DIRECTION SPECIFIED 19 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295....```..-`-`.`.`. ```..`.com 免费下载 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.`--- 20 标准分享网 www... 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.8M-1996 Note t h e special r e q u i r e m e n t s I Note the special requirements-/ FIG.`..-`-`.`.`.bzfxw.``.`.``... 3-11 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS --`.``. m ..`..CASTINGS AND FORGINGS ASME Y14.`.. ..`. 3-12 PROFILE TOLERANCING 21 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.E N G L L 7 7 b m 0757b70 0 5 7 8 5 b b b4Y CASTINGS AND FORGINGS I m ASME Y14.-`-`. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295..`.8M-1996 --`.S T D .A S M E Y L Y n ô M ...``. AND DATUM C (TERTIARY) FIG.`..```.`...`.`..``. DATUM B (SECONDARY). .``.`--- THIS SIDE OF PARTING LINE THIS SIDE OF PARTING LINE U L SS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: UNTOLERANCED DIMENSIONS ARE BASIC DIMENSIONS ARE RELATED TO DATUM A (PRIMARY).`. 4. Figure 4. Figure 4.`.. 4.6 Equalizing Datums Where it is desirable to center a casting/forging. 4.-`-`.. the datum reference frame should be established by datum targets which are designated points.8M-1996 CASTINGS AND FORGINGS 4 Datum Referencing 4. ( b ) on features opposite machining cuts which establish subsequent machining reference frame (see Fig..1 Datum Target Location..14 illustrates the establishment of two equalized datums resulting from six fixed datum targets.`. and two movable targets. 4-7). 4-5).```..) on features not subject to processing variables. 4-2) except in the case of equalizing datum targets (see Fig.3.i 3 illustrates the establishment of two equalized datums resulting from datum Y targets being movable. flash extensions. 4-3).``.6. (2) a center plane (see Fig. 4-4). 4. 4-5).`.1 General This Section establishes the principle of datum referencing as applied to castings/forgings..E N G L L77b = 0757L70 05785b7 580 = ACME Y14.1 Movable Targets.``.3 Datum Targets 4. Ir. 4. X I and X2. or areas defined on the casting/forging drawing (see Fig. RFS applies.B M . 4. The associated datum plane or axis may be identified by note. Where movable targets are used. 4-4). such as parting lines. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295. . The readability of a drawing may be improved by indicating movable datum targets.5 Tooling Centers and Tooling Holes Because of casvforged irregular surfaces. The relationship of features of a part to datums established by targets can be affected by draft and parting lines (see Fig. A datum axis (see Figs..bzfxw. 23 --`.`--- Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME 标准分享网 www.`. Figures 4-4. lines.4 Machining Datum Reference Frame A machining datum reference frame should be established from a castlforged datum reference frame for subsequent machining (see Fig.3. 4-8). 4. Figure 4-12 illustrates the application of an equalizing datum established by two fixed datum targets. ( d ) on features not subsequently altered or removed.3.`. Repetitive dimensions should not originate from datum planes established by datum targets which are affected by draft unless the effect of draft is shown on the drawing (see Fig. It contains the criteria for selecting and designating features of a casu forged part to establish the datum reference frame and transition to the tinished part. Figures 4-15(a) and (b) illustrate the movable target symbol.3 Placement of Repetitive Dimensions.. 4-10 and 4-1 I ) may be established by tooling centers or tooling holes and the centers or holes on the part are designated as datum features.`. the application of equalizing datums should be considered. etc.2 Application Casuforged features should be dimensioned from a single datum reference frame of three mutually perpendicular planes established by datum targets or datum features (see Fig.com 免费下载 Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001. ( e ) with optimum spacing considering function and producibility (see Fig. 4-6).STDmASME Y L i .. and 4-13 illustrate applications of the movable datum target symbol. 4.``. 4-12.. 4-9). 4-1). (SJ a plane where arca or location requires one or more targets offset from the datum features (see Fig. (fJ on their respective datum planes except where they establish: ( I ) an axis.`.2 Effect of Draft and Parting Lines. Some parts may not be suitable for the datum target dimensioning system due to size or configuration. YI and Y2. Datum targets should be located as follows: ( u ) on features produced by one segment of a die or pattern (see Fig. .-`-`..`.``.``..`. 4-1 DATUM TARGETS ESTABLISHING A DATUM REFERENCE FRAME 24 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.8M-ENGL 197b 0759b70 O 5 j ô 5 b ô 4 1 7 CASTINGS AND FORGINGS ACME Y14.`.``.ASME Y14.8M-1996 --`. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295...```.`.`..STD.`--- MEANS THIS FIG.`. ..`... 4-2 DATUM TARGETS WITHIN SAME DIE SEGMENT FIG.`--- ACME Y14.`..~ S T D .``.`....3.`..`.. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.com 免费下载 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001..bzfxw.``.E N G L L ï 7 b IU 7 5 7 b 7 0 0 5 7 8 5 b 7 353 CASTINGS AND FORGINGS --`.B M .`.A S M E Y L q . 4-3 DATUM TARGETS LOCATED OPPOSITE MACHINED SURFACES 25 标准分享网 www.`.1 FIG.-`-`.8M-1996 3-J- 2x 2x 2 14.```..``. .`.. 2 FIG.`.`.`.`....OPTIMUM SPACING CONSIDERATIONS 26 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.`..-`-`. --`...ASME Y14.8M-1996 CASTINGS AND FORGINGS THIS ON THE DRAWING .`.. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.`. 4-4 DATUM TARGET LOCATION ..``..``.--DATUM CENTER PLANE W '-DATUM CENTER PLANE x I% DIMENSIONS OMITTED FOR CLARITY MEANS THIS -Datum axis Y.```.`--- Equalized center plane X .``. .`.3.`.E N G L L77b O757b70 0 5 7 8 5 7 3 T O 3 = ASME Y14. 4-5 OPTIMUM SPACING OF DATUM TARGETS 27 标准分享网 www..S T D .``.B M ..`.``..3 4.A S M E Y L q ..-`-`.`.`.`--- 4.1 FIG.bzfxw.`..com 免费下载 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.8M-1996 CASTINGS AND FORGINGS DATUM CENTER PLANE B --`. ..`. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295..```..``. ..```.. .``.``.1 FIG.`.B M ..``.`..E N G L 199b i0757b70 ASME Y14.`..`.`..`--- Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.3..`.`.A S M E Y L q .-`-`..S T D .8M-1996 ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0578572 9 4 8 CASTINGS AND FORGINGS 14. 4-6 DATUM TARGETS OFFSET FROM THE DATUM PLANE 28 --`. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295. 3.8M-1996 CASTINGS AND FORGINGS I THIS ON THE DRAWING MAY MEAN EITHER OF THESE PARTING -LINE 1 m 7- *Offset due to d r a f t is the same i n each tooling segment *Offset due to d r a f t is the some i n each tooling segment 13 \ 7 Point contact a t BASIC location DRAFT ANGLE: T MAX PARTING LINE OPTIONAL I LOCA PIN POINT CONTACT ON DRAFTED SURFACE 14.```.`--- Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME 标准分享网 www.2 FIG.``.`. 4-7 EFFECT OF DRAFT AND PARTING LINE ON DATUMS 29 --`.``.- S T D ASME Y 1 4 BM-ENGL L 7 7 b W 0757b70 0 5 f B 5 7 3 A B 4 -W ASME Y14..``.`..-`-`. .`..com 免费下载 Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.`. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295....`..`..`..bzfxw. ```.`..`--- I A L I P A-A A-A UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: DIMENSIONS ARE RELATED TO DATUM B (SECONDARY).`. UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: DIMENSIONS ARE RELATED TO DATUM A PRIMARY)..-`-`.. DATUM B (SECONDARY). 4-8 PLACEMENT OF REPETITIVE DIMENSIONS AFFECTED BY DRAFT 30 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.``.3 FIG.CASTINGS AND FORGINGS ASME Y14. .8M-1996 INCORRECT CORRECT I I u 4 t 9x3 7 --`.``.... 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.`...`..``.`.3.`. DATUM c !TERTIARY) DRAFT ANGLES T MAX ALL DIMENSIONS TAKEN TO POINT OF INTERSECTION DRAFT ANGLES Z MAX ALL DIMENSIONS TAKEN TO POINT OF INTERSECTION 14.`. .8M-1996 E-- t D--`. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295. .CASTINGS AND FORGINGS ASME Y14.``...`.``...`.`--- UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: UNTOLERANCED DIMENSIONS ARE BASIC THIS ON THE DRAWING I MEANS THIS Simulated datum datum A datum C FIG..``...`.`.```.`. 4-9 MACHINED DATUM FEATURES LOCATED FROM CAST/FORGED DATUMS 31 标准分享网 www.-`-`.`..com 免费下载 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.bzfxw.`. ..``. ...-`-`.`...`.`.```.`.``.`. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.ASME Y14....`.`. 4-10 TOOLING CENTERS ESTABLISHING AN AXIS 32 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.`--- CASTINGS AND FORGINGS FIG.``.8M-1996 --`. ...`.bzfxw.E N G L L77b 0 7 5 9 b 7 0 0 5 7 8 5 7 7 Li2T ASME Y14. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295..`.`--- 标准分享网 www..A S M E Y L q * B M .`.8M-1996 CASTINGS AND FORGINGS THIS ON THE DRAWING UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: 1 0 1 0.S T D .```. 4-11 TOOLING CENTERS ESTABLISHING CENTER PLANES 33 --`.8 IA-BICI p3 MEANS THIS Datum axis A-0 FIG..``.`.com 免费下载 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.``.`..``.. .`.-`-`.`.. -`-`.. .`..`.CASTINGS AND FORGINGS ASME Y14...`.`.``.8M-1996 y M T W CENTER PLAIE X UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: U"cEû DIMENSIONS ARE BASIC THIS ON THE DRAWING MEANS THIS Second datum plane First Third datum plane FIG..``.```.`..`.`--- Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.``.`.. 4-12 MOVABLE DATUM TARGETS ESTABLISHING A DATUM CENTER PLANE 34 --`... 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295. bzfxw..``.A S M E Y L q .```.S T D .`.``.`.`..8M-1996 CASTINGS AND FORGINGS --`.`.B M .E N G L L99b 0 7 5 9 b 7 0 0578577 2 T 2 ASME Y14..-`-`....com 免费下载 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.`. .. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295..`--- U N E S OTHERWICE SPECIFIOD: UEITWRANCED DIMENSIONS ARE BASH: THIS ON THE DRAWING MEANS THIS A Equalized center planes u Datum piane ZJ’ FIG. 4-13 MOVABLE DATUM TARGETS ESTABLISHING TWO DATUM CENTER PLANES 35 标准分享网 www.``..`.`. `.`.```.``.`. 4.`.8M-1996 CASTINGS AND FORGINGS Third doturn plane First d a t u m plone Second doturn center plone FIG. 5 h h=LETTER HEIGHT FIG.`--- Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001..-`-`.6...ASME Y14.`..``... 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.4-151a) MOVABLE DATUM TARGET SYMBOL APPLICATION 36 --`.``. 4-15(b) MOVABLE DATUM TARGET SYMBOL FORM AND PROPORTION FIG..1 ..`..`. 4-14 EQUALIZED DATUMS ESTABLISHED BY FIXED DATUM TARGETS Any visible length T d 3 . com 免费下载 Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.1 General (14) cast/forged coupon location (f. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.bzfxw..`.`..`..`.`.```.-`-`...`.``.2 Drawing Note Items Drawing notes should include the following as applicable: ( a ) drafting standard reference (b) estimated andíor actual part weight (c) material and process specifications such as: ( I ) chemical composition (2) material tempedcondition (3) thermal processing ( 4 ) other specifications as applicable ( 5 ) classiîìcation/grade ( d ) mechanical and physical properties (e) destructive/nondestructive testing: ( I ) radiographic examination ( 2 ) pressure testing (3) leak testing ( 4 ) ultrasonic inspection (5) magnetic particle inspection (6) penetrant inspection (7) hardness testing (8) grain flow examination (9) metallographic examination (IO) overheating inspection ( I I ) decarburization inspection (12) alpha case inspection ( 1 3 ) separately castlforged coupon testing 37 --`. surface texture requirements (g) cleaning requirements (h) surface protrusion removal requirements such as: ( I ) fins (2) flash (3) gates ( 4 ) risers (5) knockout bosses (6) vents.`.`--- Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME 标准分享网 www.``.CASTINGS AND FORGINGS ASME Y14.. bosses ( i ) allowances for scale pit dressouts (j) general feature notes such as: (1) wall thickness (2) comer radii (3) Fillet radii ( 4 ) requirements of surface intersections shown as sharp comers (5) draft allowances (6) tolerances (7) die closure allowance ( k ) marking requirements ( I ) in-process weld requirements (m)surface treatment requirements (n) grain direction requirements (o) packaging requirements ( p ) permissible machining areas (y) permissible chemical milling areas ( r ) impregnation requirements (s) preproduction approval requirements ( t ) special dimensional inspection requirements This Section lists items to be considered for notations on all casting/forging drawings.8M-1996 5 Drawing Notes 5. 5.. .``... . or pattern match plate: a metal or wooden plate on which patterns for castings are mounted to facilitate the molding operation core: a formed material inserted in a mold to shape the interior or another part of a casting which cannot be shaped by the pattern mold: a form made of sand.-`-`. Draft normally adds mass.) --`. or pattern ejector pin: the die a short protrusion from a surface of a casting often cylindrically shaped and generally used as an attachment location to other parts or structure boss: a device used to push a cast part out of j a s h : the tin of metal which results from leakage between the mating die or mold surfaces casting ( a ) an object at or near finished shape obtained by solidification of a substance in a mold ( b ) pouring molten metal into a mold to produce an object of desired shape .S T D m A S M E Y L q .B M .`--- A I GENERAL die casring: a casting process where molten metal is forced under pressure into the cavity of a metal mold This Appendix explains the meaning of some commonly used casting/forging terms.`. or other shape is continuously solidiíied while it is being poured.``..8M-1996 and is included for information purposes only..`.fiask: a metal or wooden frame used for making and holding a sand mold gute: the portion of the runner in a mold through which molten metal enters the mold cavity centrjfugal curing: a casting made by pouring metal into a mold that is rotating or revolved hot chamber machine: a die casting machine in which the metal chamber under pressure is immersed in the molten metal in a furnace cheek: the intermediate section of a flask that is used between the cope and drag when molding a shape requiring more than one parting plane a method by which a workpiece is processed under simultaneous application of high gas pressure and high temperature to reduce nonsurfaceconnected internal casting voids (also used for the densification of powder metal parts) hot isostatic pressing: chill. mold. mold. .^ casting: cope: the upper o r topmost section of a flask. drap: the taper (angle) applied to selected surfaces to aid in part removal from the mold.```. or other material which contains the cavity into which the molten metal is poured or injected to produce a casting 39 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001. a metal insert imbedded in the surface of a mold to increase the cooling rate at that point cold chamber muchine: a die casting machine where the metal chamber and plunger are not immersed in molten metal investment (lost wax) casting: a casting produced by pouring metal into a refractory material mold..E N G L L77b 0 7 5 7 b 7 0 0578582 877 APPENDIX A GLOSSARY (This Appendix is not a part of ACME Y14.`.`. cold shut: an imperfect junction between two flows of metal in a mold match (mismatch): a condition i n which a feature produced in one mold segment is aligned with the corresponding feature in another mold segment within the specified tolerance a casting technique in which an ingot.`....`. so that its length is not determined by mold dimensions continuou.``. Refractory material molds are produced using a heat disposable pattern (usually wax).``. tube. A2 CASTING TERMS drag: blind riser: a riser which does not extend through the top of the mold ejector: a device which is mounted in such a way that it assists in removing a cast part from a die book mold: a split mold hinged like a book the bottom section of a flask. metal...`. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295. ~ ~ ~~ ~~ S T D ~ Ä S H Ë - Y G X - E N G L1 9 9 b M 0757b70 0578583 7 2 3 parting line: a plane on a pattern or a line on a casting corresponding to the separation between the mold pieces dies: the metal blocks into which forging impressions are machined and from which forgings are produced draft: the taper (angle) applied to selected surfaces to aid in part removal from the die. Draft normally adds mass. pattern: a form of wood, metal, or other material around which molding material is placed to make a mold permanent mold: a metal mold that is used repeatedly for the production of castings jinisher die: the final forging impression (conventional or precision) which imparts the final shape to the forgings plasrer molding: a molding system using a mold made of gypsum-bonded aggregate in the form of a water slurry poured over a pattern, hardened, and dried pressure casting: the molten metal j a s h : necessary metal in excess of that required to completely fill the impression of the die. Flash extends out from the body of the forging as a thin fin at the line where the dies meet and is subsequently removed by trimming. making castings with pressure on riser: a reservoir of molten metal connected to the casting to provide additional metal to the casting during sol id¡ fication j a s h extension: portion of flash remaining after trimming. Flash extension is measured from the intersection of the draft and flash at the body of the forging to the trimmed edge. runner: the portion of the metal feed system that connects the sprue with the gate forging: the process of plastically deforming metal (normally preheated) by impact or compression into a specific shape sand casiing: a casting produced by pouring metal into a sand mold --`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- straightening: a mechanical process to restore distorted castings to drawing requirements forging plane: the plane which includes the principal die face and which is perpendicular to the direction of the ram travel. When parting surfaces of the dies are flat the forging plane coincides with the parting line. sprue: the channel that connects the pouring basin with the runner venf marks: small protrusions on the surface of a casting caused by metal entering the vents (air escape passages) in the mold grain flow ('ow lines): pattern in a forging resulting from the elongation of nonhomogeneous constituents and the grain structure of the material in the direction of working during forging; usually revealed by polishing and etching sections of forgings weld correction: adding material by welding to restore castings that have surface discontinuities impression die forging: a forging that is formed to the required size and shape in machined three-dimensional impression dies A3 FORGING TERMS blocker die: die impression which imparts on the forging an intermediate shape, preparatory to forging of the final shape knock-out pins: a power operated plunger installed in a die to aid in removal of the forging boss: a short protrusion from a surface of a forging often cylindrical shaped and generally used as an attachment location to other parts or structure lap: a surface defect appearing as a seam, caused by the folding over of hot metal and the consequential forging of these into the surface buster die: die impression used for preliminary forging operations to position material for next operation coining: a process of applying pressure to a portion or all of a forging surface to obtain closer tolerances or smoother surfaces match (mismatch): a condition in which a feature produced in one die half is aligned with the corresponding feature in the opposite die half within specified tolerances conventional forging: a forging characterized by design complexity and tolerances which falls within the broad range of general forging practice near net forging: a forging with small draft angles and requiring limited secondary operations such as machining 40 标准分享网 www.bzfxw.com 免费下载 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001, 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295. STD.ASME Y L 4 . 8 M - E N G L L77b = 0757b70 0578584 precision forging: a forging with complexity and tolerances similar to a machined part. Generally only drilling of holes is required. trimming: bbT W the process of removing flash from a forging upset forging (hot): process for enlarging or reshaping some of the cross-sectional area of a bar, tube, or other product form of uniform section open die f"rging: material that is worked between flat or simple contour dies marks: small protrusions on the surface of a forging caused by metal entering the vents (air escape passages) in the die vent purring line: the line along the surface of a forging where the dies meet, or the line along the corresponding edge of the die impression rib: a thin wall or bracing structure on a forged part connecting other structural features and projecting generally in the direction perpendicular to the forging plane wall: (see rib) a rib or bracing structure on a forged part projecting in the direction perpendicular to the forging plane and generally located along the periphery of the part. The terms rib and wall are often used interchangeably. scale pif: a surface depression formed on the forging due to scale remaining in the dies during the forging operation web: a thin panel or bracing structure on a forged part connecting bosses, ribs, and other structural features. It is generally orientated parallel to the forging plane. 41 --`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001, 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295. APPENDIX B SAMPLE NOTES (This Appendix is not a part of ASME Y14.8M-1996 and is included for information purposes only.) B1 GENERAL ( h ) Local Notes ( I ) DRAFT REDUCES MASS (21 DRAFT WITHIN DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCE ( 3 ) X" MAXIMUM DRAFT ( 4 ) NO DRAFT (5) NO EJECTOR PIN MARKS THIS SURFACE (6) FOUNDRY IDENTIFICATION PERMISSIBLE THIS SURFACE (7) HARDNESS TEST HERE The purpose of this Appendix is to present notes as applicable on casting/forging drawings. B2 SAMPLE CASTING NOTES --`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- ( u ) General Notes Unless Otherwise Specijed ( I ) DRAWING PREPARED IN ACCORDANCE WITH ASME Y 14.8M-1996 (2) GATE, RISER, VENT, PARTING LINE, AND EJECTOR PIN LOCATIONS SHALL BE APPROVED BY PROCURING ACTIVITY BEFORE TOOL CONSTRUCTION ( 3 ) DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES EXCLUDE DRAFT. DRAFT ADDS MASS. ( 4 ) DRAFT ANGLES: VALUES INDICATED ARE FOR INSIDE WALLS. DRAFT FOR OUTSIDE WALLS IS ONE-HALF VALUE SHOWN. VALUES ARE MAXIMUM. Depth of Wall Degrees per Side o-xx xx-xx xx-xx X" X" X" B3 SAMPLE FORGING NOTES ( u ) Geriercil Notes Unless Otherwise Specijìed ( I ) DRAWING PREPARED IN ACCORDANCE WITH ASME Y14.8M-1996 (2) DRAFT ANGLES X" MATCH WHERE REQUIRED ( 3 ) CORNER RADII X.0 2 0.X ( 4 ) FILLET RADII X.0 t 0.X (5) GRAIN DIRECTION SHALL CONFORM T O THE GENERAL SHAPE O F THE PART DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCE t 0.X DIE CLOSURE TOLERANCE 2 0.X MISMATCH TOLERANCE t 0.X FLASH EXTENSION TOLERANCE 0.X UNTOLERANCED DIMENSIONS ARE ( 5 ) DRAWING TOLERANCES INCLUDE INDUSTRY PROCESS ALLOWANCES (6) FILLET RADII XX (7) CORNER RADII XX ( 8 ) CORNERS SHOWN SHARP T O XX MAXIMUM BREAK (Y) WALL THICKNESS XX ( I O ) PARTING LINE EDGES, FLASH, GATES, RUNNER, A N D RISER EXTENSIONS XX MAXIM UM. ( I I ) PRESSURE TEST PER XXXX T O XX kPa MAXIMUM PENETRANT INSPECT PER XXXX RADIOGRAPHIC INSPECT PER XXXX SURFACE TEXTURE PER XXXX. FILLETS SHOWN SHARP XX MAX. UNTOLERANCED DIMENSIONS ARE ALLOY AND TEMPER XXXX PER XXXX MATERIAL SPECIFICATION PER XXXX MACHINED SURFACES PERMISSIBLE WHERE SHOWN (14) MARKING PER XXXX (15) PENETRANT INSPECT PER XXXX (16) ULTRASONIC INSPECT PER XXXX (17) SURFACE TEXTURE XX (18) MAGNETIC PARTICLE INSPECT PER XXXX ( / Y ) EDGE RADII X.0 2 0.X ( b ) Local Notes ( I ) PARTING LINE (2) FORGING PLANE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION 33 标准分享网 www.bzfxw.com 免费下载 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001, 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295. . STYLE..```.`.. LOT NUMBER.`.--`.-`-`. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.. AND LOCATION (8) VENDOR TRADE MARK... AND INSPECTION STAMPING LOCATIONS 44 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.``.`.``. SIZE..`.`..`.``.`--- (3) PREDOMINANT GRAIN DIRECTION BILLET ONLY ( 4 ) TEST SPECIMEN LOCATIONS ( 5 ) MACHINED SURFACE PERMISSIBLE ( 6 ) DRAFT NOT PERMITTED (7) PART NUMBER..`.. corners. Dimensions for fillets. (6) Show draft pictorially only on cadforged surfaces that remain o n the finished part when external draft exceeds 2 deg. Size and shape before machining is depicted by adding machine allowance to the basic dimensions and then applying the pro fi le tolerance.`--- (This Appendix is not a part of ASME Y14. and geometric relationship between surfaces. Machine allowance permits determination of the rough casting/forging dimensions from the machined surfaces of the íinished part..) . location. ( a ) Draw the shape of the finished part without consideration of draft or parting.. machinist.`.``. The following drafting practices are applicable to combined view drawings for illustrating both the casting/ forging requirements and the machining requirements on a single set of views using the profile tolerancing method.```. it should optimize performance of automated machining and inspection centers. and internal draft exceeds 3 deg.SM. (the draft angle is a basic dimension that applies to define basic profile wherever draft exists on the finished part whether or not draft is shown pictorially on the drawing). The use of profile of a surface tolerance requires that the profile tolerance value for each surface include additive tolerances such as die closure.`. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.. (c) Show castinglforging outline for machined surfaces (with phantom lines) only when necessary to clarify the parting line and machine allowance.``. The profile tolerance system may be applied to separate view drawings. shape. and parts inspector in obtaining uniform results. The Figures are incomplete by intent in that no material or notes related to casting/forging processes are shown. basic dimensions.``. and location of features with respect to the datum reference system.. Dimension the basic profile of unmachined surfaces that remain on the finished part with respect to the function datums.8M-1996 and is included for information purposes only. Additionally. ( f . Datum reference frames are established from datum targets on as-cast/-forged surfaces to control the rough castingíforging and from machined datum features to control the finished part.`. combined view drawings. size. Apply tolerances using geometric profile of a surface tolerances. pattern maker. and straightness where applicable.bzfxw. mismatch. geometric profile of a surface tolerances and machine allowances to define and control castíforged surfaces. ( e ) Dimension shape. 45 标准分享网 www.S T D .`.`.A S M E YL4-AM-ENGL L 9 7 b 0759b70 0578587 377 APPENDIX C PROFILE TOLERANCE SYSTEM FOR DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING CASTING/FORGING DRAWINGS C I GENERAL C4 DRAFTING PRACTICE The purpose of this Appendix is to present the profile tolerance system for dimensionhg and tolerancing castingíforging drawings. C2 PROFILE TOLERANCE SYSTEM The profile tolerance system uses datum reference frames.5M using functional features of the finished part. (d) Establish the functional datum reference system in accordance with ASME Y14. Basic dimensions are used to define size.. --`. C3 FIGURES The Figures in this Appendix are intended only as illustrations to aid in understanding the principles of the profile tolerance system for dimensioning casting/ forging drawings described i n the text. flash extension. and wall thickness which remain on the finished part must be shown either in the general notes or on the body of the drawing.`.. draft..-`-`. features and datum reference frames.. using rectangular coordinate dimensioning practices with basic dimensions in accordance with ASME Y 14. tool designer.com 免费下载 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001. Profile of a surface tolerances control cast/forged surface size and location relative to the speciíied datum reference frame and basic dimensions. This system should assist the design engineer. Dimension the shape using basic dimensions and geometric profile of a surface tolerances.`. (g) Dimension the machined surfaces of the finished part with respect to the functional datums using basic dimensions and geometric tolerances. and end item drawings. tool maker.. 1 As-Cast/As-Forged Part Profile Requirements C4. ( c ) Corner radii. ( j ) Datums established by datum targets. Specify value for standard draft to be used on external surfaces. for internal surfaces.``. ( d ) The machine allowance for a machined chamfer on a comer adjacent to two machined surfaces is specified as shown in Fig.`. ( a ) The machine allowance value and profile tolerance value are the same as the values shown in the casting/forging note as shown in Fig. ( d ) Draft. ( f ) Basic wall thickness. (e) The dimensions of all features (cast and machined) for size. B. external..4 Dimensioning Draft Where it is necessary to specifically control the amount and/or direction of draft for design purposes. shape. C-6. and C) using rectangular coordinate dimensioning. E.`.`. and Z) for qualifying the as-cast part (refer to ASME Y l4. ( c ) The machined surface is only a portion of a drafted surface and does not cross the parting line as shown in Fig. 46 --`... C-3. Y.5M).. Specify value for basic wall thickness. The as-casdas-forged part profile must be defined in addition to the finished part requirements. The machine allowance is large enough to include draft. Figure C-l illustrates possible location for origin of draft and parting line for a simple part when draft and parting are not specifically controlled. C4.3 Draft Draft must be illustrated pictorially on the drawing when an unmachined surface that remains on the completed part has draft that is greater than 2 deg.``. Geometric profile of a surface tolerances are applied to this basic profile. This is applicable to machined surfaces without draft.. for external surfaces and 3 deg. Specify value for minimum wall thickness. C-4. C4.5 Basic Profile Basic profile on a machined surface is established by adding the specified machine allowance value to the dimensions that locate the machined surface.`. Specify the basic profile tolerances for the surfaces of the part before machining ( i ) Basic projle tolerance related to functional datum reference system.`. (b) Datum targets on the as-cast surfaces to provide a processing datum reference frame (X. ( d ) Dimensions relating the processing datum reference frame to the functional datum reference frame. and location relative to the functional datum reference frame (A. C-2. the draft angle and origin of the drafted surface must be dimensioned on the drawing. C-5. Relate this datum reference system by dimensions to the functional datum reference system.`.6 Drawing Callout Method Machine allowance may be shown on drawings using the following methods.~ STD. C5 APPLICATION TO A COMBINED VIEW (CASTINGIFORGING AND MACHINING REQUIREMENTS) DRAWING Figure C-7 illustrates a combined views drawing showing both casting and machining requirements as follows. Specify size for casîiforged comer radii that will remain on the finished part.. and C) (refer to ASME Y14. Specify value for standard draft to be used on intemal surfaces.``... Specify the basic profile tolerances for the casdforged surfaces of the part that remain on the finished part after machining. ( h ) Basic projle tolerance related to rough part datum reference system. ( e ) The machine allowance for a machined fillet radius adjacent to two machined surfdces is specified as shown in Fig. Select datum targets and establish the rough part datum reference system using the as-casdas-forged surfaces of the part.`--- Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.2 General Notes General Notes may be used to show requirements that apply to repeated features as follows. . Specify size for casvforged fillet radii that will remain on the finished part.-`-`. ( a ) The drawing views necessary to define both the as-cast part with machining stock added to surfaces which will be machined and the machined part. ( a ) Machine allowance. Specify applicable datum identification letters. This is applicable to machined surfaces with draft. (b) The machine allowance value and profile tolerance value are both different from the values shown in Fig. Specify basic machine allowance to apply to nondrafted machined surfaces. ( c ) The functional datum reference frame (A. without dimension C4.```. ( e ) Drap. C4. infernal.ASHË YLq-8M-ENGL ~~ 0757b70 0578588 205 W L99b C4.. ( g ) Minimum wall rhickness.`. (b) Fillet radii. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.5M). ``. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.`.bzfxw....`.`.`..-`-`. . A General Note controlling: ( I ) profile of a surface tolerance related to the processing datum reference frame for the as-cast part and related to the functional datum reference frame for the cast portions that remain on the finished part ( 2 ) machine allowance ( 3 ) fillet radii ( 4 ) comer radii ( 5 ) external draft (6) wall thickness ( g ) A General Note identifying all dimensions without tolerances as basic dimensions... cf..``. ( h ) Other profile of a surface tolerances may be added where required by machining stock and draft.``.```.`. 41 标准分享网 www.~~ STDSASME YLq*Bfl-ENGL L99b = - 0 7 5 9 b 7 0 0 5 7 8 5 8 9 LLiL 9 --`..`.`--- lines and arrowheads and basic dimensions (refer to ASME Y14.`.5M).com 免费下载 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.. .```.``.``. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295...`.`.8M-ENGL L77b THIS ON THE DRAWING a 0757b70 0578570 Sb3 POSSIBLE CASTING DESIGN J t-*O0--I 7 2 DEPTH OF DRAW d t POSSIBLE CASTING DESIGN POSSIBLE CASTING DESIGN DEPTH OF NG NG -t * DEPTH OF DRAW ZOO+DRAFT+ ORIGIN OF DRAFT FIG.``.`. . C-1 ORIGIN OF DRAFT AND PARTING LINE 48 --`.ÄSME YL4..STD.`.`...-`-`...`.`.`--- Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.. .bzfxw.5 MIN MACHINE ALLOWANCE _________.. C-3 MACHINE ALLOWANCE . 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.1.`.`.___ PARTING LINE 3 PROFILE TOLERANCE - FIG.`--- t N P I C A L MIN PRO FILE d N ~ P_I C_A L_ MIN PROFILE i- DEPTH OF L PARTINGt DRAW ~ 3 BASIC MACHINE ALLOWANCE LINE FIG.com 免费下载 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001. C-2 MACHINE ALLOWANCE .``.``.SURFACE WITH DRAFT 49 标准分享网 www..```.`.ASME YLq-BM-ENGL 377h 9 0757hTO 0578573 8 T T MEANS THIS THIS ON THE DRAWING 4..SURFACE WITHOUT DRAFT MEANS THIS THIS ON THE DRAWING k-6.STD..`.`..`..``.5 4 BASIC MACHINE ALLOWAN CE UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: MACHINE ALLOWANCE 3 ALL OVER: d MAX MACHINE ALLOWANCE 2 DRAFT I n131zlylx I .5 MIN 3 BASIC MACHINE ALLOWANCE MACHI NE ALL0 WANC E --`. ..5 MAX MACHINE ALLOWANCE UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: MACHINE ALLOWANCE 3 m d 3 BASIC MACHINE ALLOWANCE 1..-`-`.`. .. .`.`--- UNLESS OTHERWISE SPEC1FIED: d MACHINE ALLOWANCE 3.5 BASIC MACHINE ALLOWANCE 3..`..A S N E YZY-8M-ENGL L 7 7 b W 0 7 5 f b 7 0 0578572 73b --`.`..PORTION OF SURFACE WITH DRAFT 50 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.`.```.5 MAX MACHINE ALLOWANCE FIG..``.``.-`-`.5 EXT DRAFT 5 ALL OVER: 141 z IV Ix 1a -0213 1 4 7 l P P R O F I L E TOL ZONE il- TYPICAL MIN PROFILE TYPICAL BASIC PROFILE TYPICAL MAX PROFILE .`..`. C-4 MACHINE ALLOWANCE .S T D .`..5 BASIC MACHINE ALLOWANCE 5 BASIC MACHINE ALLOWANCE 8. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295..``. `. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.``..5 MAX MACHINE ALLOWANCE FIG..5 MAX MACHINE ALLOWANCE .`..-`-`.bzfxw...`..5 MIN MACHINE ALLOWANCE 5 BASIC MACHINE ALLOWANCE 8. .`.`. C-5 MACHINE ALLOWANCE . 5 d 1- 3.5 BASIC MACHINE ALLOWANCE 1.`.`.```.- 5...com 免费下载 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.CHAMFERED CORNER --`.``..THIS ON THE DRAWING UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: MACHINE ALLOWANCE I ALL OVER: 3 .`--- 标准分享网 www.5 MIN MACHINE ALLOWANCE $- 1.``.M0.5 X 45 I MEANS THIS . ``.5 MIN MACHINE ALLOWANCE 5 BASIC MACHINE ALLOWANCE 8.-`-`. . 5 d FILLETS R I O ALL OVER: lol4ltly] --`. C-6 MACHINE ALLOWANCE .5 MIN MACHINE ALLOWANCE 3..``..ASflE YLq.`--- MEANS THIS 1.STD.FILLET 52 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.`..`...`..`.5 BASIC MACHINE ALLOWANCE 5.. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.`.8fl-ENGL L 7 7 b m 0 7 5 9 b 7 0 0 5 7 8 5 7 4 507 -9 THIS ON THE DRAWING UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: MACHINE ALLOWANCE 3 .```.`.5 MAX MACHINE ALLOWANCE TYPICAL DRAFT 1..``.5 MAX MACHINE ALLOWANCE FIG..`. `.com 免费下载 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.-`-`.`--- '+ LZ 53 标准分享网 www.`...`....`.b x --`...``..`..```.``. . 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.``.`.`.bzfxw. --`.```.APPENDIX D SAMPLE DRAWING (This Appendix is not a part of ASME Y14.``..`.``.`.`.`--- Figure D-l in this Appendix is intended only as an illustration of the principles of dimensioning casting/ forging drawings.``.. In some instances the Figure shows added detail for emphasis.`... 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.) 55 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001.. in other instances the Figure is incomplete by intent...`.`.8M-1996 and is included for information purposes only.-`-`. . The absence of a Figure illustrating the desired application is neither reason to assume inapplicability nor basis for drawing rejection.`... L77b 0757b70 ¡ 0578597 218 ¡ S T D .5 M/\y INIERW 1 .`.`..``.``.`.`--- F1G..5U-199+ --`.`.`.3 FUSH UTENSON T O L E W C E 0..8M-1998 OIMENSIONS #ND TOLEWCES IN A C M R W C E WIM ASME Y14.com 免费下载 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Document provided by IHS Licensee=Visteon/5939448001. s u4x DIMENSIOW mmmcE +os -0.A S M E YL<.5 UV( F l L W WID11 -ni D M ANGLES UTERNAL 0.`.4 UU MISMATCH WIMIN DIMENSONAL T O L E W C E W N MRECTION TO CONFORU TO THE G E N E N SHAPE OF THE P M OIUWING DEFINBON PER ASME Yl4.BM-ENGL I I f P M NUMBER. 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.bzfxw.D-1 PRECISION FORGING DRAWING SAMPLE 56 标准分享网 www.``.-`-`. . M N W R TRADEUAGK ANO INSPECTON STWPING THIS ØRiEA P m N G UNE P m N G UNE UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED CORNER WII 2..`...```.... .......... and Piping ..... Y 14.........................Y14..Y10............. and Air Conditioning .....................`...................4-1949U31993) Heating....1M-1994 Certification of Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing Professionals ....... ......................................................... The ASME Publications Catalog shows a complete list of all the Standards published by the Society......13M-l981(R1992) Electrical and Electronics Diagrams ........Y14. Y14........8M-1996 Castings and Forgings ..32.......... Y10......................................................................................................................843... Data Lists.................1967íR1994) Fluid Power Diagrams ............2M-1992 Multiview and Sectional View Drawings ..............3M-l979(R1986) Graphic Symbols for: .....................3-1949(R1994) Y32.........................5-1968 Acoustics ........ Heat Power Apparatus .... Y14...............BM-ENGL 177b- 0 7 5 9 b 7 0 0 5 7 8 5 7 8 L5Li RELATED DOCUMENTS Abbreviations ....Y 10......... Yl5..............1989 Chassis Frames .........................1975 Electrical and Electronics Diagrams ........ ...............................................`.............................................18-1967(R1987) Illuminating Engineering ...............................``...... Y14........................ Digital Representation for Communication of Product Definition Data ...... Information Sheet ..........................................1971 Interconnection Diagrams ........ 1............ Y15...............Ground Vehicle Practices .................................................................................... 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Time Series Charts ..............................................`...12-1955(R1988) Chemical Engineering ...............................................................................................2M-1995 Y14..15-1966(R1988) .....................1989 Parts Lists.................................................. Mechanical Spring Representation...................`..... Y32.......................................................... Y14....................................4-1977(R1994) Plumbing ..........34 M................................5M-1994 Mathematical Definition of Dimensioning and Tolerancing Principles ..................5....................................6-195OíR1993) Letter Symbols for: Y10.......................................... Y32..........................................................................`..Y14........ Y32...... Y14......................... Y15....800................................. Y10..15b-1973 Fluid Power Diagrams...... --`.......................6aM-l981(R1993) Gears and Splines Spur......4-1982(R1988) Quantities Used in Electrical Science and Electrical Engineering ..................... YlO....... Helical.....3M-1994 Pictorial Drawings ...................................26M-I987 Y14 Technical Report 4-1989 A Structural Language Format for Basic Shape Description.. Y32...7..................1 M.... ........................ Y14.............. call I-800-THE-ASME (7....................................... Y14...2M-l979(Rl986) Process Charts .... ...35M-1992 Yl4..`.......... Revision of Engineering Drawings and Associated Documents ........................ Guide for Selecting Greek Letters Used as Letter Symbols for Engineering Mathematics .........Y1.................................................... or the latest information about our publications.......11-1961íR1993) Mechanical and Acoustical Elements as Used in Schematic Diagrams ...........18-1972íR1993) Pipe Fittings.......... Mechanics and Time-Related Phenomena .............. Types and Applications o f Engineering Drawings . Y14.................1995 Metric Drawing Sheet Size and Format..........Y32....................... Y 14..... Double Helical and Racks .....................................15 a....................... Process Flow Diagrams i n Petroleum and Chemical Industries ...........`............``.......................................1M-l979(R1986) Illustrations for Publication and Projection ............ Line Conventions and Lettering ..........................................3M-1984 Heat and Thermodynamics ............................................... 2.................... Y 14..............36M-1996 Surface Texture Symbols ...................................1989 American National Standard Drafting Practices ........................ Valves.........17-1961(R1988) Y10....... 02/04/2005 01:14:28 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295......6-1978(R1993) Screw Thread Representation ........... Y14..5.........................................24 M............11-1984 Y10.............18M-l986(Rl993) Optical Parts ....................... Screw Thread Representation (Metric Supplement) .......................Y14........................................2............... Ventilating...................................... ...............1-1972(R1988) Glossary o f Terms Concerning Letter Symbols ............2.2763) .. ............1989(R1994) Dimensioning and Tolerancing .. Y32......................STD-ASME YL4................ Y32..............1-1971(R1993) Beveland Hypoid Gears .....................................................................


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