Designation: A500/A500M − 10aStandard Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing in Rounds and Shapes1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation A500/A500M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. 1. Scope* A700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Meth- 1.1 This specification covers cold-formed welded and seam- ods for Steel Products for Shipment less carbon steel round, square, rectangular, or special shape A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi- structural tubing for welded, riveted, or bolted construction of cal Analysis of Steel Products bridges and buildings, and for general structural purposes. A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys 1.2 This tubing is produced in both welded and seamless 2.2 Military Standards: sizes with a periphery of 88 in. [2235 mm] or less, and a MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage3 specified wall thickness of 0.875 in. [22 mm] or less. Grade D MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products, Preparation for Ship- requires heat treatment. ment and Storage3 NOTE 1—Products manufactured to this specification may not be 2.3 Federal Standards: suitable for those applications such as dynamically loaded elements in Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment3 welded structures, etc., where low-temperature notch-toughness properties may be important. Fed. Std. No. 183 Continuous Identification Marking of Iron and Steel Products3 1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units 2.4 AIAG Standard: are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the B-1 Bar Code Symbology Standard4 SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system 3. Terminology shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this speci- standard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” fication, refer to Terminology A941. designation of this specification is specified in the order. 4. Ordering Information 1.4 The text of this specification contains notes and foot- 4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall contain notes that provide explanatory material. Such notes and foot- information concerning as many of the following items as are notes, excluding those in tables and figures, do not contain any required to describe the desired material adequately: mandatory requirements. 4.1.1 Quantity (feet [metres] or number of lengths), 4.1.2 Name of material (cold-formed tubing), 2. Referenced Documents 4.1.3 Method of manufacture (seamless or welded), 2.1 ASTM Standards:2 4.1.4 Grade (A, B, C, or D), A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing 4.1.5 Size (outside diameter and wall thickness for round of Steel Products tubing, and outside dimensions and wall thickness for square and rectangular tubing), 4.1.6 Copper-containing steel (see Table 1), if applicable, 1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, 4.1.7 Length (random, multiple, specific; see 11.3), Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee 4.1.8 End condition (see 16.3), A01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products. Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originally 4.1.9 Burr removal (see 16.3), approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as A500/A500M–10. DOI: 10.1520/A0500_A0500M-10a. 2 3 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700 contact ASTM Customer Service at
[email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS. 4 Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd., the ASTM website. Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48033, http://www.aiag.org. *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Nov 6 10:04:27 EST 2012 1 Downloaded/printed by christopher taylor (TAYLORDesign) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized. maxA 1. [230] [290] [315] [250] Elongation in 2 in. Practices. [50 mm].5. tubing.60 % requirements or the lot shall be rejected. 8. [50 mm].180 in. For lighter specified wall thicknesses. For lighter specified wall thicknesses. or two pieces of flat-rolled Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved). min.1 Each heat analysis shall conform to the requirements rounded to the nearest percent.11 ASTM specification designation and year of issue.06 percentage point above the specified maximum for Both additional product analyses shall conform to the specified manganese is permitted.120 in. Heat Analysis be calculated by the formula: percent elongation in 2 in. psi [MPa] 45 000 58 000 62 000 58 000 joint of welded tubing shall be welded across its thickness in [310] [400] [425] [400] such a manner that the structural design strength of the tubing Yield strength.045 0. max 0. Product Analysis be calculated by the formula: percent elongation in 2 in. The longitudinal butt Grade A Grade B Grade C Grade D Tensile strength. shall conform to the requirements as to tensile properties prescribed 4. psi [MPa] 45 000 58 000 62 000 58 000 tubing to be stress relieved or annealed. TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements 6. with the weld located 90° from the 5. the minimum elongation values shall 8.045 0. %D thickness. 6.1 The flattening test shall be made on round structural 4.05 requirements specified in Table 1 for product analysis. min.50 % by heat analysis and 1.3 Except as required by 6.4t + 12.035 0. [4. maxA 0.1. by product analysis.4 Grade D tubing shall be heat treated at a temperature of [270] [315] [345] [250] Elongation in 2 in. they shall be made using be by agreement with the manufacturer. For A500M use the following formula: 2. [310] [400] [425] [400] Yield strength. Such product analyses shall conform to the require- Element Heat Product Heat Product ments specified in Table 1 for product analysis. a test specimen at processes: open-hearth. min.2 If product analyses are made. rounded to the nearest percent.1.35 1. and Terminol- D ogy A751.4 If only one product analysis representing a lot fails to Sulfur. A flattening test is not required for shaped structural 5.35 1.1. Tensile Requirements 9. or electric-furnace.30 0. Flattening Test 4. %D inside flash.1 The material. and 10. [3.1.045 conform to the specified requirements. [100 mm] in length shall be flattened cold between parallel plates in three steps.01 percentage point below the specified maximum for carbon. 25A 23B 21C 23B at least 1100 °F [590 °C] for one hour per inch [25 mm] of min.2 Welded tubing shall be made from flat-rolled steel by Round Structural Tubing the electric-resistance-welding process. the minimum elongation values shall 8. an increase of 0.3). Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis 8. or fraction thereof.13 Special requirements. For each reduction of 0.2 When steels of different grades are sequentially strand line of direction of force. [50 mm] = 56t + 17. 10.035 0. .18 A be made using two additional test specimens taken from the lot.045 8.1. psi [MPa] 39 000 46 000 50 000 36 000 6. the lot shall be rejected. as represented by the test specimen.10 Certification (see Section 18).2t + 17.14 Bar coding (see 19. product analyses shall Copper. B Applies to specified wall thicknesses (t ) equal to or greater than 0. distance between the plates is less than two-thirds of the 6.035 0. up to a maximum of 1. max 0. 9.40 Phosphorus. 4. Methods and practices relating to chemical analysis shall Grades A. During the first step.120 in. C Applies to specified wall thicknesses (t ) equal to or greater than 0. psi [MPa] 33 000 42 000 46 000 36 000 section is assured. Tue Nov 6 10:04:27 EST 2012 2 Downloaded/printed by christopher taylor (TAYLORDesign) pursuant to License Agreement. basic-oxygen.5. A500/A500M − 10a TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements stock from each lot of a corresponding quantity of flat-rolled Composition. D The minimum elongation values specified apply only to tests performed prior test specimens taken from two lengths of tubing from each lot to shipment of the tubing.12 End use.05 mm].20 0. which is a test cast. no cracks or breaks on the inside or material and remove it using an established procedure that outside surfaces of the test specimen shall be present until the positively separates the grades. B.3 If both product analyses representing a lot fail to Carbon. For A500M use the following formula: 2.2 For welded round structural tubing. [3. For lighter specified wall thicknesses.20 0. Shaped Structural Tubing Grade A Grade B Grade C Grade D 6. 5. For the second step. in Table 2. of 500 lengths. % stock. the minimum elongation values shall 7. B If copper-containing steel is specified in the purchase order. rounded to the nearest percent. mm].4.1 The tubing shall be capable of conforming to the rounded to the nearest percent. [50 mm] = 61t + 12. minB 0. Manganese.1 The tubing shall be made by a seamless or welding process. min. 25A 23B 21C 23B NOTE 2—Welded tubing is normally furnished without removal of the min.23 0. Manufacture specified outside diameter of the tubing. 4. and Grade C be in accordance with Test Methods. the steel producer shall identify the resultant transition for ductility of the weld. Process tubing. No further reproductions authorized.18 0. A Applies to specified wall thicknesses (t ) equal to or greater than 0. 7.27 conform to the specified requirements.1 The steel shall be made by one or more of the following 10. least 4 in.40 1. specified in Table 1 for heat analysis.035 0. it shall be permissible for the Tensile strength.26 0.57 mm]. with a locations shall not be cause for rejection if the D-to-t ratio is permissible variation of 62° max. shall occur until the variations in small flat dimension shall be 2. 11. 0.01 times large flat dimension rejection. which is a test for soundness.5] the opposite walls of the test specimen meet. not vary more than 60.005 in. 11.005 in. test shall be cause for rejection. the in. the wall thickness require- t = specified wall thickness of tubing. [mm]. in. Permissible Variations in Dimensions shall not exceed three times the specified wall thickness.4 Straightness—The permissible variation for straight- before flattening. in. [0. the permissible variations in small flat dimension shall be 1. For rectangular tubing having a ratio of outside large to small flat dimension greater than 3. A500/A500M − 10a no cracks or breaks on the inside or outside parent metal TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in Outside Flat Dimensions for surfaces of the test specimen. and specified outside diameter for specified outside diameters 2. Tue Nov 6 10:04:27 EST 2012 3 Downloaded/printed by christopher taylor (TAYLORDesign) pursuant to License Agreement. Evidence of Over 21⁄2 to 31⁄2 [65 to 90]. in.0.2 Square and Rectangular Structural Tubing—The out- side dimensions.09 for Grade A.6 Radius of Corners—For square and rectangular struc- tural tubing.2 Wall Thickness—The minimum wall thickness at any where: point of measurement on the tubing shall be not more than H = distance between flattening plates. rounded to the nearest 0. shall be of steel. 10. Evidence of laminated or are ordered. Outside Flat Dimensions.1 Round Structural Tubing—The outside diameter shall the permissible variations in twist shall be as given in Table 5. times the number of flattening test. incl 0. [60 mm] rectangular tubing having a ratio of outside large to small flat dimension less than specified outside diameter and larger. adjacent sides shall be square (90°). 10.07 for Grade B.5 %. [5 cm] from the ends of the tubing. During the first step.5.5. for Grade C). [5 cm] from the ends of the tubing.6] laminated or unsound material or of incomplete weld that is Over 31⁄2 to 51⁄2 [90 to 140]. [mm] [13] [6] [19] [6] convexity or concavity. the permissible surfaces. [mm]. feet [10 mm times the number of metres] of total length divided by 5. less than 10. no cracks or breaks on the inside or outside the permissible variations in large flat dimension. [5 cm] and larger. from the surface plate near the opposite ends of the tubing.0 times the permissible variations in distance between the plates is less than the value of “H” large flat dimension. the length tolerance shall be in accordance with unsound material that is revealed during the entire flattening Table 4. For rectangular 21⁄2 in.4 Surface imperfections not found in the test specimen 11. the permissible variations in small flat dimension shall be identical to the permissible variations in large flat dimension.5 times for ductility. Refer to Section 4. For 10.A During the third step.5 m] Over 22 and Under ft [6. Permissible Variations in.1. . Square and Rectangular Structural Tubing shall be present until the distance between the plates is less Specified Outside Large Flat Dimension. shall not vary from the Over Under Over Under specified outside dimensions by more than the applicable Length tolerance for specific ⁄ 12 ⁄ 14 ⁄ 34 1 ⁄4 amount given in Table 3.5.5 m] 2 in. Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved). [mm] flattening shall be continued until the test specimen breaks or 21⁄2 [65] or under 0. For square and rectangular tubing. and for square tubing.00 calculating the twist (the difference in heights of such corners). incl 0.06 not more than 10 % greater than the specified wall thickness.3 Length—Structural tubing is normally produced in During the second step. excluding the weld seam of welded tubing. the radius of each outside corner of the section 11. [mm] Over and Under Specified than one-half of the specified outside diameter of the tubing. from the specified outside diameter for specified down on a flat surface plate. cracks at these tural tubing. and corner on the bottom side of the tubing extends above the 6 0. rounded to the nearest 0. measuring the height that each outside diameters 1. in multiple lengths. which is a test 3. shall be judged in accordance with Section 15. except as provided for in 10. When specific lengths opposite walls of the specimen meet.1 mm]. [65 mm] in length shall be flattened cold between tubing having a ratio of outside large to small flat dimension in the range of 1.75 %. 10 % less than the specified wall thickness. but revealed during the first step of the ness of structural tubing shall be 1 ⁄8 in.0 inclusive.5 to parallel plates in two steps.1. the random lengths 5 ft [1. which is a test for soundness. A The permissible variations include allowances for convexity and concavity. because the strain imposed due to geometry is unreasonably high on the 11.3 For seamless round structural tubing 23⁄8 in.8] revealed during the entire flattening test shall be cause for Over 51⁄2 [140] 0. 11. except as provided for in 10. The maximum wall e = deformation per unit length (constant for a given grade thickness. and flattening shall be continued until the specimen breaks or the in specific lengths. D = specified outside diameter of tubing.7 Twist—For square and rectangular structural tubing. The outside diameter measurements shall be made at positions at least 2 in.020 [0.1 mm].900 in.5 When low D-to-t ratio tubulars are tested. in. TABLE 4 Length Tolerances for Specific Lengths of Structural Tubing 11. which includes an allowance for lengths.5 m] and over. in. 11. No further reproductions authorized. 0. and ments shall apply only to the centers of the flats. a specimen not less than 1. [mm].030 [0. calculated by the following equation: H 5 ~ 11e ! t/ ~ e1t/D ! (1) 11. [48 mm] and smaller. measured across the flats at positions at least 22 ft [6.1 Outside Dimensions: 11.025 [0.5 Squareness of Sides—For square and rectangular struc- inside surface at the 6 and 12 o’clock locations. and 0. Twist shall be determined by holding one end of the tubing [0. and 16.3 The yield strength corresponding to an offset of 0. the lot shall be rejected or retested using diameter.5 % [Twist per Metre of Length] of the gage length shall be determined.1 The defect shall be completely removed by chip- 12. A500/A500M − 10a TABLE 5 Permissible Variations in Twist for Square and shall not contain surface imperfections that would interfere Rectangular Structural Tubing with proper determination of the tensile properties. hydrogen welding process. and the disposition of such tubing shall be a new lot and tested accordingly. [mm] of the gage length or to a total extension under load of 0. as specified in Section 10. light made from a length of tubing representing each lot. incl 0. the lot shall be treated as been rejected. protruding metal on the outside surface of the weld seam. incl 0. conditions involved. use. Annex scope of this specification to be unsuitable for the intended end A2. Such tubing shall be subject to mutual investi- tubing.062 [1. The facturer heat treating. No further reproductions authorized. or both.2] ture to ensure conformance to the requirements of this speci- Over 6 to 8 [150 to 200]. The removal of such surface 13.100 [2.1.112 [2.2. than 90 % of the specified wall thickness.1 Surface imperfections shall be classed as defects except that for heavier sections it shall be permissible to use a when their depth reduces the remaining wall thickness to less suitable measuring device to determine twist.6] Over 21⁄2 to 4 [65 to 100].3 The term “lot” shall apply to all tubes of the same imperfections is not required. inside Sections 9 and 10.1 fail to tubing received from the manufacturer and reject any tubing conform to the applicable requirements specified in Sections 9 that does not meet the requirements of this specification. Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved). Number of Tests produce a workmanlike finish. with 14.1 Tension test specimens shall conform to the applicable tubing that is found in fabrication or installation within the requirements of Test Methods and Definitions A370. Rejection representing the lot conform to the specified requirements. based on the requirements of this specification. in. Test Methods 17.2 Tension test specimens shall be full–size longitudinal purchaser shall notify the manufacturer of any tubing that has test specimens or longitudinal strip test specimens. [mm] 11⁄2 [40] and under 0. For welded been set aside. 14. 16.1. specified wall thickness to be repaired by welding.2 The flattening test. incl 0.1 It shall be permissible for the purchaser to inspect 14. The without flattening in the gage length.3 The projecting weld metal shall be removed to 13. Special Shape Structural Tubing 16. based and 10.2.1. 13.5] fication. 16.3 Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order.2 % Specified Outside Large per 3 ft of Length Flat Dimension. The 15.9] 16. the lot shall be rejected or. 17.1 The availability.2. 16. or otherwise eliminating the purchaser shall notify the manufacturer of any tubing that has condition responsible for the failure. [5 cm] of the ends of the sible for defects having a depth not in excess of 331⁄3 % of the tubing.3] 16. or both. subject to agreement between the manufacturer and the pur- chaser. specified limits on wall thickness. It shall be permis- ments shall not be taken within 2 in. Maximum Permissible Variations in Twist 15. or shallow pits are not considered defects 13. Welded tubing shall be free of specified size that are produced from the same heat of steel.050 [1. incl 0. and tolerances of special ping or grinding to sound metal.2 If one or both of the retests specified in 14. die or roll marks. any longitudinal strip test specimens shall be taken gation as to the nature and severity of the deficiency and the from a location at least 90° from the weld and shall be prepared forming or installation. reworking. Over 8 [200] 0. dimensions.1 If the results of the mechanical tests representing any the burr held to a minimum. Inspection Over 11⁄2 to 21⁄2 [40 to 65]. subsequent to the manu.2. shall be provided that the imperfections are removable within the made on one length of round tubing from each lot. . When so specified in the purchase lot fail to conform to the applicable requirements specified in order.2 It shall be permissible for the purchaser to set aside any 15. the burr shall be removed on the outside diameter. Twist measure.2 The repair weld shall be made using a low- tion with the manufacturer. Tension test specimens between the manufacturer and the purchaser.2.1 One tension test as specified in Section 15 shall be 16. upon the inspection and test methods outlined herein. in. 15.075 [1. subject to the following conditions: 12. Longitudinal strip test disposition of such tubing shall be subject to agreement specimens shall have all burrs removed. The lot shall be acceptable if the results of all such retests 17.2 Surface imperfections such as handling marks. Tue Nov 6 10:04:27 EST 2012 4 Downloaded/printed by christopher taylor (TAYLORDesign) pursuant to License Agreement.1 All tubing shall be inspected at the place of manufac- Over 4 to 6 [100 to 150]. additional tubing of double the original number from the lot.2 All tubing shall be free from defects and shall have a workmanlike finish. Retests structural tubing shall be furnished with square cut ends.8] 16. shape structural tubing shall be subject to inquiry and negotia.087 [2. 3 Bar Coding—In addition to the requirements in 19. the manufacturer tion: manufacturer’s name. tubing shall be legibly marked to show the following informa. A500/A500M–09.2. ber and year of issue.1 When specified in the contract. performance of such inspections and tests. When a Certificates of compliance shall include the specification num. 2010) (1) Revised 1.2 Inspection—Unless otherwise specified in the contract. packaged and packed in accordance with the re- or used in electronic form from. Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue.2 For structural tubing having a specified outside diam- 18. 18. No further reproductions authorized.2 to expand size and wall thickness range. Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue. that may impact the use of this specification. with applicable levels being (EDI) shall be regarded as having the same validity as a specified in the contract. the tension tests required by this specification and the purchase order or contract. it is recommended that bar coding be consistent with product shipped that contain the heat analyses and the results of AIAG Standard B-1. tested. Test reports shall include the specification 20.1 to be marked on compliance stating that the product was manufactured. Not- withstanding the absence of a signature. (Approved October 1. Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved). Except as otherwise specified in the contract. brand. an electronic data interchange quirements of MIL-STD-163. coding as a supplementary identification method. the documents A700. specific bar coding system is specified in the purchase order. 2009) (1) Revised 1. the manufacturer shall have the option of using bar order or contract. (Approved October 1. and Loading number and year of issue. the eter or large flat dimension of 4 in. No. the NOTE 3—In the absence of another bar coding system being specified in manufacturer shall furnish to the purchaser test reports for the the purchase order. 2010) (1) Revised Footnotes B and C in Table 2 for A500M usage.1 fication and any other requirements designated in the purchase and 19. [10 cm] or less. (Approved April 1. . and loading shall be in accordance with Practices cates of compliance or test reports. sampled. A500/A500M–07. and grade letter. or trademark. marking. and inspected in accordance with this speci. it shall be manufacturer shall furnish to the purchaser a certificate of permissible for the information listed in 19. 18.1 When specified in the purchase order. shall use its own or any other suitable facilities for the tion designation (year of issue not required). 20. 21. Government Procurement submitting the document is responsible for its content. Certification 19. however. Packing. 21. A500/A500M–10.4 A certificate of compliance or test report printed from. 19. the organization 21. the specifica. Tue Nov 6 10:04:27 EST 2012 5 Downloaded/printed by christopher taylor (TAYLORDesign) pursuant to License Agreement. Marking for shipment of such counterpart printed in the certifying organization’s facility. and was found to meet all such requirements. shall clearly identify the organization submitting them. No.2 When specified in the purchase order or contract. 19. material shall be 18. Product Marking the manufacturer shall be responsible for the performance of all 19.1 Except as noted in 19.3 A signature or notarization is not required on certifi. Marking. 123 for content of the EDI transmitted document shall conform to any civil agencies and MIL-STD-129 or Federal Std. that system shall be used. that may impact the use of this specification. The materials shall be in accordance with Federal Std.2 to expand wall thickness range. 183 if existing EDI agreement between the purchaser and the manu- continuous marking is required. SUMMARY OF CHANGES Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue.2. each length of structural applicable inspection and test requirements specified herein. that may impact the use of this specification.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract. a tag securely attached to each bundle. preserved. A500/A500M − 10a 18. packaging. facturer. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights. 100 Barr Harbor Drive. Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www. United States. No further reproductions authorized. This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and if not revised. at the address shown below.org (e-mail). or through the ASTM website (www.astm. PA 19428-2959. . which you may attend.astm. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. either reapproved or withdrawn. This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards.org/ COPYRIGHT/). 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