® CompTIA A+ 220-901 and 220-902 David L. Prowse Pearson 800 East 96th Street Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA CompTIA® A+ 220-901 and 220-902 Exam Cram Associate Publisher Copyright © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc. Dave Dusthimer All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, Acquisitions photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from Editor the publisher. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of Betsy Brown the information contained herein. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume Development no responsibility for errors or omissions. Nor is any liability assumed for Editor damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. Eleanor C. Bru ISBN-13: 978-0-7897-5631-2 ISBN-10: 0-7897-5631-5 Managing Editor Sandra Schroeder Library of Congress Control Number: 2015956432 Printed in the United States of America Senior Project Editor First Printing: January 2016 Tonya Simpson Trademarks Copy Editor All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks Box Twelve or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Pearson IT Communications Certification cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any Indexer trademark or service mark. Lisa Stumpf Warning and Disclaimer Proofreader Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as Chuck Hutchinson accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The infor- mation provided is on an “as is” basis. The author and the publisher Technical Editor shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with Chris Crayton respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book or from the use of the DVD or programs accompanying it. Publishing Coordinator Special Sales Vanessa Evans For information about buying this title in bulk quantities, or for special Media Producer sales opportunities (which may include electronic versions; custom cover designs; and content particular to your business, training goals, Lisa Matthews marketing focus, or branding interests), please contact our corporate Cover Designer sales department at
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Contents at a Glance Introduction 1 CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Troubleshooting 9 CHAPTER 2 Motherboards 29 CHAPTER 3 The CPU 65 CHAPTER 4 RAM 91 CHAPTER 5 Power 121 CHAPTER 6 Storage 151 CHAPTER 7 Mobile Device Hardware 187 CHAPTER 8 Installing and Upgrading Windows 233 CHAPTER 9 Configuring Windows 261 CHAPTER 10 Maintaining Windows 319 CHAPTER 11 Troubleshooting Windows 341 CHAPTER 12 Video and Audio 381 CHAPTER 13 Peripherals and Custom Computing 415 CHAPTER 14 Printers 441 CHAPTER 15 Computer Networking Part I 471 CHAPTER 16 Computer Networking Part II 515 CHAPTER 17 Security 553 CHAPTER 18 Android, iOS, OS X, and Linux 605 CHAPTER 19 Safety, Procedures, and Professionalism 665 CHAPTER 20 Taking the Real Exams 687 Practice Exam 1: CompTIA A+ 200-901 Questions 699 Practice Exam 2: CompTIA A+ 200-902 Questions 719 Appendix A: Real-World Scenarios 739 Index 749 DVD Only: Appendix B: Additional Reading and Resources Practice Exam 1 Answers Practice Exam 2 Answers Practice Exam 3 Practice Exam 4 Exam Alerts Cram Quizzes . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Form Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 . 29 Motherboard Components and Form Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Troubleshooting Example 1—Basic: Display Issue . . . . . . 12 Step 4: Establish a Plan of Action to Resolve the Problem and Implement the Solution . . . . 27 CHAPTER 2 Motherboards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Troubleshooting Examples and PC Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Troubleshooting Example 3—Advanced: Wireless Issue . . . . . . . . . 19 PC Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Step 5: Verify Full System Functionality and. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 BIOS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Step 6: Document Findings. . . . . . . 46 The POST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . 24 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . 16 Troubleshooting Example 2—Intermediate: Power Issue . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 The BIOS/UEFI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . If Applicable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Step 2: Establish a Theory of Probable Cause (Question the Obvious) . . . 11 Step 3: Test the Theory to Determine Cause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 The Six-Step A+ Troubleshooting Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iv CompTIA A+ 220-901 and 220-902 Exam Cram Table of Contents INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . 14 Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Actions. . . . . 10 Step 1: Identify the Problem . and the Lithium Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 More Troubleshooting Tidbits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CMOS. . . . . . . . . . . . . and Outcomes . . . Implement Preventative Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Motherboard Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Table of Contents Accessing and Configuring the BIOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Troubleshooting DRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Installing Motherboards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Installing CPUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Installing and Troubleshooting Motherboards . . . . . . 65 CPU 101 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Cram Quiz . 63 CHAPTER 3 The CPU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 CPU Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Troubleshooting Motherboards . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Cooling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Installing and Troubleshooting DRAM . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Cram Quiz Answers . . 90 CHAPTER 4 RAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Types of RAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 RAM Basics and Types of RAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Flashing the BIOS . 92 RAM Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Installing DRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Troubleshooting CPUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 RAM Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Installing and Troubleshooting CPUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Uninterruptible Power Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . 126 Power Devices . . . . . . . . 154 Hard Drive Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Power Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Installing the Power Supply . 166 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Network Attached Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Surge Protectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Cram Quiz . . . . 140 Troubleshooting Power Supply Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Cram Quiz Answers . 151 Hard Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Heating and Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Installing Hard Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Understanding and Testing Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 SATA . . . . 132 Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 CHAPTER 6 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Solid-State Drives . . . . . . . . . 127 Power Strips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Testing an AC Outlet with a Receptacle Tester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Testing an AC Outlet with a Multimeter . . . . . . . 134 Planning Which Power Supply to Use . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . 168 Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vi CompTIA A+ 220-901 and 220-902 Exam Cram CHAPTER 5 Power . . 157 Preventative Maintenance and Troubleshooting Hard Drives. 164 RAID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Hard Disk Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 System Board and CPU . 178 Secure Digital Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 Optical Drives . . . . . . . . . 184 Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Mobile Hardware Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Blu-ray . 169 Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Configuring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 Hard Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Table of Contents Optical Storage Media. . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 . . . . . . . . 178 USB Flash Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 CompactFlash Cards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Fans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Understanding Tablet and Smartphone Hardware . . . . 206 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 Installing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Laptop 101 . . and Troubleshooting Internal Laptop Components . . . . . . . . 169 Compact Disc (CD) . . . 183 Cram Quiz . . . . 176 Solid-State Storage Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 CHAPTER 7 Mobile Device Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 Cram Quiz Answers . . . . 201 Expansion Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Input Devices . . . . Configuring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Installing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and Troubleshooting Visible Laptop Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Cram Exam Answers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Tablet/Smartphone Ports and Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 CHAPTER 9 Configuring Windows. . . . . . . 239 Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . 248 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 Windows 8 Minimum Requirements and Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 Cram Exam Answers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 Installing and Upgrading to Windows 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 Windows Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 Upgrading to Windows 8 . . . . . . 256 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . 246 Verifying and Troubleshooting Windows 7 Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 Windows Vista Editions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 Windows 7 Installation Methods . . . . . . 228 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 Windows 8 Editions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Cram Quiz Answers . 254 Windows Vista Minimum Requirements and Compatibility . . . . . . . . . 253 Installing Windows Vista . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Windows 7 Minimum Requirements and Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 Installing and Upgrading to Windows 8 . . . . . . . . . . . 255 Windows Vista Installation Methods. . . . . . . 261 Windows User Interfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Other Types of Mobile Devices and Wearable Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 CHAPTER 8 Installing and Upgrading Windows . . . . . . . . . . 235 Windows 8 Installation Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Windows 7 Editions . 262 Windows Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .viii CompTIA A+ 220-901 and 220-902 Exam Cram Hardware Differences Between Tablets/Smartphones and Laptops. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Verifying and Troubleshooting Windows Vista Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 Upgrading to Windows 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 Cram Quiz Answers . . 289 Advanced System Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 Hard Drive Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 System Tools and Utilities . . . . . . . 302 Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326 Maintaining Hard Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 CHAPTER 10 Maintaining Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 Managing Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 Shadow Copy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 Service Packs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 Managing Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . 278 Operating System Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 Creating Restore Points . . . . 327 Backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352 . . . . . . . . . ix Table of Contents Administrative Tools and the MMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . 300 Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 CHAPTER 11 Troubleshooting Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . File Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 User Migrations and Customizations . . . . . . . . . 341 Repair Environments and Boot Errors. . . 342 Boot Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342 Windows Recovery Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 Cram Quiz . 303 Working with Files and File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . 320 Windows Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 Updating Windows. . . . . 353 Windows Tools and Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426 Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . 416 Input. . . . . . . . 379 CHAPTER 12 Video and Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 The Video Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . 364 Additional Windows Errors and Error Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .x CompTIA A+ 220-901 and 220-902 Exam Cram Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 Video Displays . . 406 Installing a Sound Card and Speakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354 Stop Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 Cram Quiz Answers . . . 365 Restoring Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378 Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408 Troubleshooting Audio Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Input Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 Command-Line Tools . . . . . . . . . . and Hybrid Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and Peripherals . . . . . . . . . . . 415 Input/Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428 . . . . . . . 405 The Audio Subsystem . . . . . 354 Troubleshooting Within Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 Video Cards . . . . . Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422 Cram Quiz . . 413 CHAPTER 13 Peripherals and Custom Computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412 Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 Windows Command Prompt . . . . . . . . 406 Sound Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 Improper and Spontaneous Shutdowns . 368 Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 I/O Ports . . 391 Video Settings and Software . . . . . . . 371 Recovery Command Prompt . . . . . . and Cloud Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430 Virtualization Workstation . . . . . 452 Printer Installation and Drivers . . . 472 Network Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441 Printer Types and Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Configuring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 CAD/CAM Workstation . . . . . . . . . 485 . 430 Thin Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434 Home Server PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 Cram Quiz Answers . . . 452 Configuring Printers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 Gaming PC . . . . 451 Installing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and Troubleshooting Printers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 Audio/Video Editing Workstation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435 Home Theater PC (HTPC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476 Cram Quiz . 469 CHAPTER 15 Computer Networking Part I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460 Troubleshooting Printers . . . . . 471 Types of Networks. . . . . 439 Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 Virtual Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472 Network Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432 Standard Thick Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482 Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . 463 Cram Quiz . . . . . 440 CHAPTER 14 Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 Local Versus Network Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi Table of Contents Custom PC Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . 483 Cables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473 Cloud Technology and Server Roles . . . . . . . . . . Network Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 Types of Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467 Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . 485 Cable Types and Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . Connectors. . . . . . . 437 Cram Quiz . . 447 Cram Quiz . . . . . . 495 Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513 CHAPTER 16 Computer Networking Part II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553 Security Threats and Prevention. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554 Malicious Software . . . 569 Hard Drive Recycling and Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554 Preventing and Troubleshooting Malicious Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503 TCP/IP Protocols and Their Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496 TCP/IP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539 Troubleshooting Common Symptoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574 Cram Quiz Answers . . . 500 Configuring IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xii CompTIA A+ 220-901 and 220-902 Exam Cram Cabling Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 SOHO and Windows Networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571 Additional Attacks and Security Vulnerabilities . . 516 Internet Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538 Troubleshooting Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 Cram Quiz Answers . . . 491 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497 Configuring IPv4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555 Unauthorized Access. . . . . . 539 Command-Line Interface Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537 Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551 CHAPTER 17 Security . . . . 565 Social Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497 IPv4 Classes and CIDR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516 Router Setup and Wireless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550 Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . 520 Windows Configurations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 602 Cram Quiz Answers . . .. . . . 606 Open-Source and Closed-Source Operating Systems . . . 595 SOHO Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597 Changing Default Passwords . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . and Linux . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 589 Windows Firewall . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598 Enabling MAC Filtering .. . . . . . 601 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . 600 Disabling WPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609 Virtual Assistants . . 625 E-Mail Configurations . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . 616 Cellular Radio Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . 616 Wi-Fi Network Connectivity . . . . . 606 Obtaining Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. 614 Cram Quiz Answers . . . .. . . . . . xiii Table of Contents Desktop Operating System Security . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 600 Assigning Static IP Addresses . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . .. . . . . 605 Android and iOS Basics . . . OS X. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621 Bluetooth Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . iOS. . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 603 CHAPTER 18 Android. . . . 625 . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 594 Cram Quiz Answers . . 601 A Final Word on SOHO Routers .. . . 608 Screen Configurations . . . . . 577 File Security . . . 577 User Accounts . . . . . . . . . . 592 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611 GPS and Geotracking . . 597 Changing and Disabling the SSID . . . 598 Configuring Wireless Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 584 Encryption . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623 Bluetooth Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 611 Microsoft Mobile Operating Systems . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. 615 Android/iOS Networking and Synchronization . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601 Disabling Physical Ports . . . . . . . 619 Wi-Fi Troubleshooting.. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677 CompTIA A+ Troubleshooting Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . Humidity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638 Initiating Resets . . . . . . . 632 Android/iOS Security and Additional Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . 654 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666 Electrical Safety . . . . . . . and Professionalism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663 CHAPTER 19 Safety. . . . . . . . 665 Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662 Cram Quiz Answers . 668 Physical Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiv CompTIA A+ 220-901 and 220-902 Exam Cram Troubleshooting E-mail Connections . . . . . . . . . . . 647 OS X and Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636 Stopping Applications . . . . . . . 640 Additional Mobile Device Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . 628 Synchronizing Other Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674 EMI and RFI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634 Stolen and Lost Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671 Cram Quiz . . . . 673 Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675 Incident Response and Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631 Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674 Temperature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666 Electrical Fire Safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627 Synchronizing Android and iOS-based Devices to a PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646 Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673 Procedures and Environmental Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680 Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642 Cram Quiz . . . 648 Linux . . . 634 Compromised and Damaged Devices . . . . . . 667 ESD . . . . . . . . 675 MSDS and Disposal . . . . . . . . . . 630 Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648 OS X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 688 Tips for Taking the Real Exam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741 Scenario 3: Identify Video Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 747 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695 Wrapping Up the Exam . . . . . 745 Scenario 8: Sharing and Mapping in the Command Prompt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746 Scenario 9: Troubleshooting a System with Msconfig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 740 Scenario 1: Design a CAD Workstation Computer . 745 Scenario 7: Troubleshoot an IP Issue with Ipconfig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717 PRACTICE EXAM 2 CompTIA A+ 220-902 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696 Beyond the CompTIA A+ Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749 . . . . . . . . 743 Scenario 6: Identify IP Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685 Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . 699 Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 693 Smart Methods for Difficult Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686 CHAPTER 20 Taking the Real Exams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742 Scenario 4: Configure Wi-Fi on a SOHO Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687 Getting Ready and the Exam Preparation Checklist . . . . . 682 Cram Quiz . . . . . 740 Scenario 2: Select the Best Components for Three Computers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 744 220-902 Scenarios. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700 Answers at a Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692 General Practices for Taking Exams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720 Answers at a Glance . . . xv Table of Contents Professionalism and Communication Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742 Scenario 5: Identify Various Wireless Ranges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 747 Scenario 10: Fixing a Computer That Won’t Boot . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719 Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739 220-901 Scenarios. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737 APPENDIX A Real-World Scenarios . . . . 696 PRACTICE EXAM 1 CompTIA A+ 220-901 . xvi CompTIA A+ 220-901 and 220-902 Exam Cram DVD Only: Appendix B: Additional Reading and Resources Practice Exam 1 Answers Practice Exam 2 Answers Practice Exam 3 Practice Exam 4 Exam Alerts Cram Quizzes . davidlprowse. He runs the website www. . He has worked in the computer field for 20 years and loves to share his experience through teaching and writing. where he gladly answers questions from readers and students. Prowse is the author of more than a dozen computer training books and video products.com. xvii About the Author About the Author David L. and Microsoft Windows. and PC specialist. CompTIA Security+.xviii CompTIA A+ 220-901 and 220-902 Exam Cram Acknowledgments Thanks to David Dusthimer. Formerly. and trainer. he worked as a computer technology and networking instructor. Special thanks to Chris Crayton. and has served as a state-level SkillsUSA competition judge. He also has served as technical editor and content contributor on numerous technical titles for several of the leading publishing companies. technical consultant. Chris holds numerous industry certifications. . CompTIA A+. network administrator. Eleanor Bru. network engineer. Betsy Brown. Chris has authored several print and online books on PC repair. has been recognized with many professional teaching awards. information security director. the best technical editor a person could ask for! About the Technical Reviewer Chris Crayton (MCSE) is an author. and everyone else at Pearson who was involved in this project. Email:
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You will be required to enter your voucher • Visit online forums.com. • Schedule the exam online. • Take your certification exam. number or provide payment to see what other IT professionals information at registration. Reproduction or dissemination prohibited without written consent of CompTIA Properties. Why Get CompTIA Certified? Growing Demand Higher Salaries Verified Strengths Universal Skills Labor estimates predict IT professionals with 91% of hiring managers CompTIA certifications are some technology fields will certifications on their resume indicate CompTIA certifications vendor neutral—which means experience growth of over 20% command better jobs. earn are valuable in validating IT that certified professionals by the year 2020. LLC. the best way to demonstrate an extensive variety of required to join this workforce. 02190-Nov2015 . All rights reserved. like LinkedIn. IT and Business Executives Responsible for Security ** Source: CompTIA Employer Perceptions of IT Training and Certification © 2015 CompTIA Properties.Becoming a CompTIA Certified IT Professional is Easy It’s also the best way to reach greater professional opportunities and rewards.** in most organizations. say about CompTIA exams. and internationally. on the exam and examples of question format. All certification programs and education related to such programs are operated exclusively by CompTIA Certifications. LLC.S. Other brands and company names mentioned herein may be trademarks or service marks of CompTIA Properties.CompTIA. Printed in the U. Seventh Edition. then I recommend the following: ▶ Attend a hands-on A+ class with a knowledgeable instructor. preparing for the exams serves to keep your skills . the new CompTIA A+ certification can have a positive career impact. This book does not cover everything in the computing world. and those who simply want a basic knowledge of computers and want to validate that knowledge. or are new to the field. Target Audience The CompTIA A+ exams measure the necessary competencies for an entry- level IT professional with the equivalent knowledge of at least 12 months of hands-on experience in the lab or field.Introduction Welcome to the CompTIA A+ Exam Cram. how could you in such a concise package? However. we can accomplish your goal to attain the CompTIA A+ certification. For those of you in the first group. Together. ▶ Consider purchasing the CompTIA A+ Cert Guide. Essentially. which goes into much more depth than this text. If you do not feel that you have the required experience. have never attempt- ed to troubleshoot a computer. On a side note. This book pre- pares you for the CompTIA A+ 220-901 and 220-902 certification exams. increasing the chances of securing a position in the IT world. Prowse. another great reference book that should be on every computer technician’s shelf is the latest edition of Upgrading and Repairing PCs by Scott Mueller. those who want to keep their job. this guide is fairly thorough and should offer you a lot of insight…and a whole lot of test prepa- ration. This book is for persons who have experience working with desktop comput- ers and mobile devices and want to cram for the A+ certification exam—cram being the key word. three types of people will read this book: those who want a job in the IT field. For those in the second group. and I am happy to have the opportu- nity to serve you in this endeavor. It also acts as a stepping stone to more advanced certifications. Imagine that you are at a testing center and have just been handed the pass- ing scores for these exams. The goal of this book is to make that scenario a reality. My name is David L. whereas the practice exam questions are the battlements. ▶ Content on mobile devices. While the main goal for this book is to help you become A+ certified. and other performance-related settings. ▶ OS X and Linux operating system basics have been added. A person might be tempted to purchase this book solely for the practice exams.2 CompTIA A+ 220-901 and 220-902 Exam Cram sharp and your knowledge up-to-date. the knowledge within this book can be very beneficial to just about any organization you might work for—as long as that organization uses computers! Regardless of your situation. This book was designed from the ground up to build your knowledge in such a way that when you get to the practice exams. one thing to keep in mind is that I write my books to teach you how to be a well-rounded computer technician. ▶ Addition of Windows 8 and 8. ▶ Troubleshooting questions are to be found in both exams. The knowledge in the chapters is the cornerstone. has been increased. drag-and- drop scenarios. About the CompTIA A+ 220-901 and 220-902 Exams This book covers the CompTIA A+ 220-901 and 220-902 exams. For those of you in the third group. they can act as the final key to passing the real exams. ▶ Increased performance-based questions where you will be required to answer questions within simulated computer environments. helping you to remain a well-sought- after technician. . There are quite a few changes and additions to these versions of the A+ exams including the following: ▶ Increased content concerning the troubleshooting of hardware and software. ▶ Windows XP operating system has been removed. I also want to share my experience with you so that you can grow as an individual.1 content. but I recommend against studying the practice questions only. Complete the entire book and you will have built yourself an impenetrable castle of knowledge. such as tablets and smartphones. and ensuing explanations. The chapters are broken down into between two and five topics each. the exam topics in this book are structured to build on one another. Chapter Format and Conventions Every Exam Cram chapter follows a standard structure and contains graphi- cal clues about important information. The quiz- zes. The structure of each chapter includes the following: ▶ Opening topics list: This defines the topics to be covered in the chap- ter. are meant to gauge your knowledge of the subjects.org/. or to download the latest official objectives. About This Book This book is organized into 20 chapters. In addition to being in the chapters. ▶ Cram Quiz questions: At the end of each topic is a quiz. you can find the Cram Quiz questions on the disc. The questions are separated into their respective 220-901 and 220-902 categories for easier studying when you approach the exam. For the most part. it also lists the corresponding CompTIA A+ objective numbers. each pertaining to particular objec- tives on the exam. Chapter topics and the corresponding CompTIA objec- tives are listed in the beginning of each chapter.comptia. the chapters are divided into more manageable (and memorable) topics. those topics are listed at the end of this introduction. All the questions in this book refer to these topics. For more information about how the A+ certification can help your career. If you want to review a particular topic. . In addition. access CompTIA’s web page at http://certification. this explains the topics from a hands-on and a theory-based standpoint. Because of this. Because the official CompTIA objectives can have long names that sometimes deal with multiple subjects. consider reviewing individual topics or the entire chapter. 3 Introduction This book covers all these changes and more within its covers. ▶ Topical coverage: The heart of the chapter. and figures geared to build your knowledge so that you can pass the exam. you can use the index or the table of contents to quickly find the concept you are after. you should read this entire book in order to best prepare for the CompTIA A+ exams. This includes in-depth descriptions. If the answers to the questions don’t come readily to you. tables. ▶ Media PC: I built this desktop computer for the previous edition in January 2012. An alert stresses concepts. or activities that are likely to relate to one or more questions on the exam. terms. Additional Elements Beyond the chapters. It is also in PDF format on the disc.4 CompTIA A+ 220-901 and 220-902 Exam Cram ▶ Exam Alerts. Watch out for them! ExamAlert This is what an Exam Alert looks like. ▶ Real-World Scenarios: These are located after the two practice exams. software. If you have an e-book version. . It is an Intel Core i7 system and is designed to act as a powerful audio/video editing workstation. These exams (and additional exams) are available on the disc as well. They describe actual situations with questions that you must answer. hardware. They are designed to prepare you for the multiple-choice questions that you will find on the real CompTIA A+ exams. The Hands-On Approach This book refers to two different computers as the following: ▶ AV Editor: I built this desktop computer for this seventh edition in July of 2015. and Notes: These are interspersed throughout the book. allowing for easy mem- orization. They include ▶ Practice Exams: These are located directly after Chapter 20 within the book. ▶ Cram Sheet: The tear-out Cram Sheet is located in the beginning of the book. there are a few more elements that I’ve thrown in for you. It is an Intel Core i5 system. There is one for each CompTIA A+ exam. this might be located at the end of the e-book. This is designed to jam some of the most important facts you need to know for the exam into one small sheet. They are designed to help prepare you for the performance-based questions within the real CompTIA A+ exams. Sidebars. Their solutions can be found on the disc in the form of videos and computer simulations. It was built in 2009 and. (Not to mention OS X.” onward. I recommend that every computer technician build their own PC at some point (if you haven’t already). You should also work with multiple systems while going through this book: one with Windows 8. if at all pos- sible. the best way to learn is to run individual computers. and one with Windows Vista. and iOS. This will ensure that you discover as much as possible about the hardware and software of each computer system and how they interact with each other.com. These components are representative of the types of technologies that will be covered in the exams. but information about it can be found at my website: www.google. most notably: ▶ Microsoft TechNet: http://technet. they serve to fur- ther illustrate and explain concepts covered in this text.com/support As an IT technician. one with Windows 7. By referencing the parts in the computer during each chapter. “Motherboards. This book frequently refers to various ancillary websites. Android.microsoft.microsoft. However. I refer to the components in these systems from Chapter 2.apple.davidlprowse. This more hands-on approach can help you to visualize concepts better.com ▶ Android OS Help: https://support. . I built both A/V editor and Media PC using components that are a good example of what you will see in the field today and for a while to come.com/android ▶ Apple Support: https://www. Another option is to run one computer with one of the operating systems mentioned and virtual machines running the other operating systems. I hope to infuse some real-world knowledge and to solidify the concepts you need to learn for the exam.) Or you might attempt to create a dual-boot or three-way-boot on a single hard drive. Linux. 5 Introduction Note Previous editions of this book included a computer known as Tower PC. as such. I like to put things into context when- ever possible. you will be visiting these sites often. This can help to rein- force the ideas and concepts expressed in the book. is based on older technologies.com ▶ Microsoft Support: http://support. It has been removed from this edition of the book. My second goal for this book is to provide you with an abundance of unique questions to prepare you for the exam. you can’t just memorize questions. to become a good technician.com).6 CompTIA A+ 220-901 and 220-902 Exam Cram Goals for This Book I have three main goals in mind while preparing you for the CompTIA A+ exams. I try to get right to the facts necessary for the exam. the book incorporates figures. To drive these facts home. I’ll try my best to get to your ques- tions ASAP. Prowse www. All personal information is kept strictly confidential. to-the-point explanations. Also. Because CompTIA reserves the right to change test questions at any time. you must know the concept. I hope you benefit from this book. step-by-step approach to taking the exam. Be sure to complete every item on the checklist! For students of mine who truly complete every item. To do this. Between the Cram Quizzes and the practice exams. including an errata page (which you should check as soon as possible). each question has an explanation and maps back to the topic (and chapter) covered in the text. I’ve been using this method for more than a decade with my students (more than 2. complet- ing the life cycle of learning. My final goal is to provide support for this and all my titles. that goal has been met. My first goal is to help you understand A+ topics and concepts quickly and efficiently. in Chapter 20. and is set up to take questions from you about this book. real-world scenarios. To this effect.000 of them) and with great results.com . Enjoy! Sincerely. there is an extremely high pass rate for the exams.davidlprowse. tables.davidlprowse. it is difficult to foresee exactly what you will be asked on the exam. I do this through my personal website (www. and simple. However. Good luck in your certification endeavors. David L. and I think it will benefit you greatly. you can find test-taking tips and a preparation checklist that gives you an orderly. which has additional resources for you. and Troubleshooting Internal Laptop Components Understanding Tablet and Smartphone Hardware Installing and Upgrading to Windows 8 8 Installing and Upgrading to Windows 7 Installing Windows Vista Windows User Interfaces 9 System Tools and Utilities Files. and Drives Updating Windows 10 Maintaining Hard Drives Repair Environments and Boot Errors 11 Windows Tools and Errors Command-Line Tools . Configuring. File Systems.1 lists the exam topics covered in each chapter of the book. TABLE I. 7 Introduction Exam Topics Table I. and Troubleshooting Visible Laptop 7 Components Installing.1 Exam Cram CompTIA A+ Exam Topics Exam Topic Chapter The Six-Step A+ Troubleshooting Process 1 Troubleshooting Examples and PC Tools Motherboard Components and Form Factors 2 The BIOS/UEFI Installing and Troubleshooting Motherboards CPU 101 3 Installing and Troubleshooting CPUs RAM Basics and Types of RAM 4 Installing and Troubleshooting DRAM Understanding and Testing Power 5 Power Devices Power Supplies Hard Drives 6 RAID Optical Storage Media Solid State Storage Media Installing. Configuring. 8 CompTIA A+ 220-901 and 220-902 Exam Cram Exam Topic Chapter The Video Subsystem 12 The Audio Subsystem Input/Output Devices. and Tools TCP/IP SOHO and Windows Networking 16 Troubleshooting Networks Security Threats and Prevention 17 Desktop Operating System Security SOHO Security Android and iOS Basics 18 Android/iOS Networking and Synchronization Android/iOS Security and Additional Troubleshooting OS X and Linux Safety 19 Procedures and Environmental Controls Professionalism and Communication Skills Getting Ready and the Exam Preparation Checklist 20 Tips for Taking the Real Exam Beyond the CompTIA A+ Certification . and Cloud Technology 15 Cables. and Troubleshooting Printers Types of Networks. Configuring. Connectors. Network Devices. and Peripherals 13 Custom PC Configurations Printer Types and Technologies 14 Installing. This page intentionally left blank . 2. Input Devices. and video is configured. 1. . 1. and Peripherals ▶ Custom PC Configurations You can find a master list of A+ exam topics in the “Introduction. the ports they connect to. Now let’s discuss the devices and peripherals we add on to the computer. 3.4.1.7.CHAPTER 13 Peripherals and Custom Computing This chapter covers the following A+ exam topics: ▶ Input/Output. and 3. as well as some custom PC configurations you will undoubtedly encounter in the field.” This chapter covers the CompTIA A+ 220-901 objectives 1. 1.12.11. The computer is built. the OS is installed. 1.9. IEEE 1394 (FireWire). mouse.0 Low-Speed 1. and much more.416 CHAPTER 13: Peripherals and Custom Computing Input/Output. TABLE 13. flash drives.1. . Input Devices. or microphone. mice. as well as Bluetooth technology.0 High-Speed 480 Mb/s USB 3. The most common of these by far is USB. including keyboards. Key- boards. monitors. as shown in Table 13.0 SuperSpeed 5. mice.1 Full-Speed 12 Mb/s USB 2. the appropriate input/output devices and peripherals must be connected to the proper input/output (I/O) ports. printers. USB devices. The USB port enables data transfer between the device and the computer and usually powers the device as well. I/O Ports I/O ports enable a user to input information by way of keyboard. USB USB ports are used by many devices.5 Mb/s USB 1.0 and higher. and so on.1 SuperSpeed+ 10.1 are deprecated.0 Gb/s USB 3. and Thunderbolt ports. cameras. focus on USB 2. consider installing a USB adapter card that adheres to a higher version of USB. plus they enable the output of information to printers. This section briefly describes those devices and the ports they connect to. The CompTIA A+ exams require you to describe USB. ExamAlert Memorize the specifications for USB.0 Gb/s USB 1.0 and 1. If you encounter an older computer that has only these ports. and multimedia devices can be connected to a variety of ports.1 Comparison of USB Versions USB Version Name Data Transfer Rate USB 1. The speed of a USB device’s data transfer depends on the version of the USB port. and Peripherals To take advantage of a computer. The standard USB cable has four pins: a +5 V pin for power.1 USB connectors . a negative data pin.and micro-connectors.0/3. The most common are Type A and Type B.1 displays an illustration of these connectors. which are 5-pin. a positive data pin. and Peripherals A computer can have a maximum of 127 USB devices.1 length is 3 meters. Maximum recommended USB 3. To add devices beyond this. There are various plugs used for the different types of USB connections. All cables connecting USB devices must comply with their standard’s maximum length. but no more than five hubs can be in a series of USB devices. which are 4-pin connectors. Type A connec- tors are the type you see on the back of a computer or on the side of a laptop. Most USB connections are half-duplex. 1 2 4 3 2 1 4 3 Type A Type B 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 Mini-A Mini-B 54321 54321 Micro-AB Micro-B FIGURE 13. and a ground pin. meaning that the device can send or receive data but cannot send and receive data simultaneously. Input Devices. and USB version 2.0 cables can be a maximum length of 5 meters (a little more than 16 feet). However. 417 Input/Output. Figure 13. most com- puters are limited to a maximum of a dozen ports or so. a USB hub can be used. but there are also mini. USB version 1.1 cables are limited to 3 meters in length (a little less than 10 feet). a PC). so you’ll need an adapter—and there are adapters for virtually everything you might want to do. The USB devices. However. click Universal Serial Bus Controllers to expand it. Let’s say you need to make a connection to a USB Type B con- nector from a USB Type A connector. and then select USB.1. Expand Components. Historically. or 3. smartphones. and cell phones.and micro-connectors are often used for handheld com- puters.0 devices. regardless of whether they are USB version 1. and host controllers can be viewed from within Windows in a couple ways: ▶ Device Manager: Within Device Manager.0. Note As of the writing of this book. or you need to connect from USB to RJ45. Individual devices will be listed under such categories as Human Interface Devices. However. some companies create proprietary cables and connectors for their devices based off of the USB specifications. Mini.or micro-connectors.1 standard.or micro-plugs). mice. or you need to connect from a USB to the older PS/2 connector—well. 2. This is more common in handheld computers and smartphones (devices that connect with either mini. which enables a device to act as both a host and a slave. The root hub and controllers are listed within. Type B. a USB device was designed to be a host or a slave. USB version 2. You can’t put a square peg in a round hole (normally). digital cameras. and mini. there are adapters for all of those situations and more. a newer USB plug (Type C) has been developed. root hub. It is about a third the size of a Type A plug and works well in conjunction with the USB 3.418 CHAPTER 13: Peripherals and Custom Computing Type A and Type B connectors are commonly used for printers and other larger devices. Something to think about for your PC toolkit. Sometimes you need to make a connection but the devices and/or cables don’t match up. portable music players. The host is in charge of initiating data transfers (for example. Most PC techni- cians will carry a variety of adapters with them just in case the need arises.0 introduced on-the-go (OTG). . USB devices connect to what is known as a root hub. These devices will not connect properly to Type A. ▶ System Information: Open System Information by opening the Run prompt and typing msinfo32. 0 (black port). For more information about USB. For USB flash drives. The user might have inadvertently set this to disabled or perhaps the computer was shipped in that state.0 speeds (or higher).0. if the computer is USB 3. The cache can be as much as 32 GB in size on one device or 256 GB in size if spread across multiple devices. Input Devices. Some incompatible USB plugs might look simi- lar to the correct plug and might even connect to a device. If it is con- nected to a slower port. ▶ Make sure the computer is running the correct version of USB: For example.0-compliant from a hardware standpoint.0 (blue) port. If you cannot disable it in the system. keep a few things in mind: ▶ Verify that USB is enabled in the BIOS/UEFI: It is possible to enable/disable USB within the BIOS. because that will cause the device to run at USB 2. When troubleshooting USB devices. 419 Input/Output. users who work with audio and video prefer a zero-latency connection. This will avoid damage to a USB device (for example. this technology works best at USB 3.usb. power down the computer and then disconnect them. Due to this fact. make sure it is running USB 3. This uses flash-based memory such as USB flash drives and SD cards to cache informa- tion for the OS at high speeds. corruption to the USB flash drive). such as IEEE 1394. ▶ Verify connectivity: Make sure the device is plugged in and that it is using the correct cable. Keep this in mind when trouble- shooting USB devices that are not functioning whatsoever. ▶ Check the version of the USB port: For example. Do this by right-clicking on the Safely Remove Hardware and Eject Media icon and selecting Eject.0 on the software side. Sometimes Windows informs the user that an update to USB is available and that the USB devices work faster if this update is com- pleted.org. Some versions of Windows need to be updated to communicate at the latest USB speeds.0 speeds. visit http:// www. One of the problems with USB is that it suffers from latency. . remember to disable them in the Notification Area before disconnecting them. a USB fi rmware update for the motherboard is needed. When removing USB devices from a computer. make sure it isn’t connected to a USB 2. if a device can run at USB 3. This update makes a huge difference in the speed of data transfer. be sure to connect it to a USB 3. and Peripherals Windows offers a disk-caching component called ReadyBoost. In other cases. HDMI. with no more than 16 devices per chain.2 Comparison of IEEE 1394/FireWire Versions IEEE 1394 Data Transfer Connector Cable Length Between Version Rate Type Devices IEEE 1394a 400 Mb/s 4-conductor and 4. It is a port used for devices that demand the low-latency transfer of data in real time. As of the writing of this book. with the Mac Pro. you can connect up to three 4K displays at once. TABLE 13. then it is meant to be used for data transfer to peripherals. If you see a display icon.420 CHAPTER 13: Peripherals and Custom Computing IEEE 1394 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is a nonprofit organization that creates standards regarding cables and connectors and other technology related to electricity.5 meters (15 feet) 6-conductor IEEE 1394b 800 Mb/s 9-conductor 10 meters (100 meters with Category 5e cable) ExamAlert Know the specifications for IEEE 1394a (FireWire 400) and 1394b (FireWire 800). One common standard is IEEE 1394. such as music or video devices.2 describes some of the IEEE 1394/FireWire versions. mean- ing wired together in sequence). In fact. If you look at the ports of the computer and see the thunderbolt icon next to the Mini DisplayPort port. this is used primarily by Apple computers. Versions 1 and 2 use the Mini DisplayPort connector and version 3 uses the USB Type-C connec- tor. Thunderbolt can be used to transfer data at high rates to external storage devices or to displays (or both. Table 13. up to six devices can be daisychained. Thunderbolt Thunderbolt is a high-speed hardware interface developed by Intel. then it . It combines elements of PCI Express and DisplayPort technologies. also re- ferred to as FireWire (a deprecated Apple standard replaced by Thunderbolt). Thunderbolt 2 gives you access to the latest 4K monitors. Up to 63 devices can be powered by a computer. DVI. And because Thunderbolt is based on DisplayPort technology. Cables used with Thunderbolt should be no more than 3 meters (copper) and 60 meters (optical). it provides native support for the Apple Thunderbolt Display and Mini DisplayPort displays. and VGA displays connect through the use of adapters. 421 Input/Output, Input Devices, and Peripherals can be used with a monitor. While you can physically connect a Thunderbolt device to a Mac with DisplayPort, the device will not work, but if you connect a DisplayPort device to a Mac with Thunderbolt, the device will work. Table 13.3 describes the different versions of Thunderbolt. TABLE 13.3 Comparison of Thunderbolt Versions Thunderbolt Data Transfer Connector PCI Express Version Version Rate Type Required Version 1 10 Gb/s DisplayPort Version 2.0 Version 2 20 Gb/s DisplayPort Version 2.0 Version 3 40 Gb/s USB Type-C Version 3.0 ExamAlert Know the Thunderbolt versions, speeds, and connection types. If a desktop computer doesn’t come with a Thunderbolt connector, you can add a Thunderbolt adapter card, which can facilitate the use of high-speed, large-capacity storage devices and other technologies. There are also adapters that connect Thunderbolt to USB 3.0 and eSATA. On the video side, there are adapters that allow Thunderbolt to be changed over to DVI or to HDMI. As mentioned before, there are adapters for everything. If you can dream it up, it probably already exists. PS/2 The PS/2 connector is used for connecting keyboards and mice to a desktop computer or laptop. The PS/2 port was originally introduced in the late 1980s as part of IBM’s Personal System/2 computer. Keyboards and mice connect via a 6-pin Mini-DIN connector. In the PC 99 color scheme, PS/2 keyboard ports are purple and PS/2 mouse ports are green. Although PS/2 had almost a 20-year run, these connectors are less com- mon on new computers; they were the standard until USB became popular. However, like the older DB15 VGA port, you might see them for backward compatibility. For example, the AV Editor computer’s motherboard has a single PS/2 port. Bluetooth Moving on to a wireless option for peripherals: Bluetooth is a short-range, low-speed wireless network primarily designed to operate in peer-to-peer 422 CHAPTER 13: Peripherals and Custom Computing mode (known as ad hoc) between PCs and devices such as printers, projec- tors, smartphones, mice, keyboards, and so on. It can be used with gaming consoles and by connecting a smartphone to a car’s technology system or to a smart TV. Bluetooth runs in virtually the same 2.4 GHz frequency used by IEEE 802.11b, g, and n wireless networks, but it uses a spread-spectrum frequency- hopping signaling method to help minimize interference. Bluetooth devices connect to each other to form a personal area network (PAN). Some systems and devices include integrated Bluetooth adapters, and oth- ers need a Bluetooth module connected to the USB port to enable Bluetooth networking. Bluetooth devices must first be paired before they can be used together. Bluetooth version 1.2 offers a data transfer rate of 1 Mb/s. Version 2 is rated at 3 Mb/s. Version 3 has theoretical speeds of up to 24 Mb/s, but it does so by combining with 802.11 technology. Bluetooth is divided into classes, each of which has a different range. Table 13.4 shows these classes, their ranges, and the amount of power their corresponding antennae use to generate signal. TABLE 13.4 Bluetooth Classes Class mW Range Class 1 100 mW 100 meters (328 ft.) Class 2 2.5 mW 10 meters (33 ft.) Class 3 1 mW 1 meter (3 ft.) As you can see, Class 1 generates the most powerful signal and has the largest range. The most common Bluetooth devices are Class 2 devices, with a range of 10 meters. Examples of this include portable printers, headsets, and com- puter dongles that connect to USB ports and allow the PC to communicate with other Bluetooth-enabled devices. Input, Output, and Hybrid Devices I/O devices (also called peripherals) can be used solely to input information, to output information, or to act as a hybrid of the two. Let’s start with the types of devices used to input information and the various peripherals a tech- nician might see in the field. The usual suspects include the keyboard, for typing information in Windows or other OS, and the mouse, for manipulating the GUI. These two are 423 Input/Output, Input Devices, and Peripherals known as human interface devices (HID). Some other devices that you might not have worked with yet include touchpads, digital cameras, web cameras, microphones, biometric devices, bar code readers, and MIDI devices. Table 13.5 describes these devices. TABLE 13.5 Description of Various Input Devices and Peripherals Device Description Types and Connections Keyboard Used to type text and numbers into a 101-key keyboard is word processor or other application. standard, USB, PS/2, and wireless connections. Mouse Used to control the GUI; works in two Optical mouse, USB, dimensions. Might have two or more PS/2, and wireless buttons and a scroll wheel to manipu- connections. late the OS. The Buttons tab in Mouse Properties is used to change which buttons act as the primary and alterna- tive click buttons. Touchpad Device used on a laptop to control the These are often integrated cursor on the screen. to the laptop but can also be connected externally via USB or Wi-Fi. Motion sensor Device used with PCs, Macs, and Often connected via gaming consoles to allow a user to USB or Wi-Fi, these are control the computer by swiping, grab- controlled with infrared bing, pinching, and so on in mid-air. technology. Some devices can also be controlled with voice activation. Digital cameras/ Takes still photographs and/or video Can be a single device Camcorders using an electronic image sensor. or integrated into Images are displayed on-screen and smartphones/tablets. can be saved to solid-state media Can connect to the PC via such as SD cards and CompactFlash. USB or Wi-Fi. Web cameras Enables a user to monitor other areas Can connect to a PC via (webcam) of a home or building, communicate USB, to a LAN via RJ45, via video telephony, and take still or via Wi-Fi. images. Scanner Used to optically scan images and Can connect via USB, and other objects and convert them into IEEE 1394, or via Wi-Fi. digital images to be stored on the computer. Microphones Enables users to record their voices Can connect to a PC or other sounds to the computer. via 1/8-inch (3.5 mm) Common usages are webcasts, pod- mini-jack (sound card) or casts, for voice-overs while screen via USB. capturing, and for gaming. 424 CHAPTER 13: Peripherals and Custom Computing Device Description Types and Connections Biometric Provides access to systems based on Can be integrated to the devices a particular physical characteristic of a PC or can be connected user. Used for authentication purposes via USB, Wi-Fi, or con- (for example, a fingerprint reader). nected to the network. Barcode readers Reads barcodes (for example, linear Connects to the PC via barcodes, 2D barcodes, Post Office USB, Wi-Fi, PS/2, or barcodes, and such). After physical might be integrated into installation, they need to be pro- handheld computers and grammed to understand these codes. smartphones. Smart card Device that accepts smart cards used Can be integrated as a reader for authentication and data storage. slot (for, example to a laptop). Also available in USB versions. Musical Enables computers, music keyboards, Uses a 5-pin DIN Instrument synthesizers, digital recorders, sam- Connector. Digital Interface plers, and so on to control each other (MIDI) devices and exchange data. Gamepads and Gamepads are game controllers made Connects via USB Type joysticks famous by Nintendo, PlayStation, and A connections. Older ver- Xbox; there are also gamepads for sions used the 15-pin PCs. Joysticks are often used for flight gaming port on a sound simulator games. card. Troubleshooting any of the devices in Table 13.5 is usually quite easy. Make sure that the device is connected properly to the computer (or has a working wireless connection) and verify within the Device Manager that the latest drivers are installed for the device. Then find out if any additional software is necessary for the device to function. Portions of the software might have to be installed to the device and to the OS. Keyboards and mice can be especially troublesome. Keyboard errors are com- monly caused by jammed keys and defective cables or cable connectors. A common mouse issue is when the cursor jumps around the screen. This could be due to an incorrect mouse driver or perhaps the mouse is on an uneven or nonreflective surface. Also, you might encounter a mouse that stops working after a computer comes out of sleep mode. Make sure that Windows is up- dated and that the correct and latest driver is being used for the mouse. Use the associated Control Panel apps to troubleshoot the device. Calibrate the device and/or synchronize the device to the system as necessary. with the OS. Table 13. Input Devices.6 Description of Hybrid I/O Devices Device Description Types and Connections Touchscreen A video display that detects the Used in tablet PCs. tions over TCP/IP networks. TABLE 13. and drawing or light pen that enables interaction tablets. smartphones. presence of either a finger. Also used as a hybrid device that combines conventional TV with Internet technologies. and set-top boxes. AIO PCs. gamepad. and Peripherals The main output devices you should know for the exams are display devices and speakers (covered in Chapter 12) and printers (to be discussed in Chapter 14). Smart TV Combines the functionality of a Users can interact with the television with Internet features and TV by inputting information streaming of media. A few of the hybrid devices you will encounter are touchscreens. It incorporates a digi- tizer (the input portion of the device) that converts the tapping on the screen into digital functions. stylus. KVM switch Enables a user to control two or Passive: works off computer’s more computers from one Keyboard. Because they are covered in those chapters. USB power Video display. . or remote control. smart TVs. Set-top box Device used by cable TV and These often manifest them- (STB) satellite-based TV providers to selves as small computers allow access to digital (and possibly offering two-way communica- encrypted) television stations. Active: plugs into an AC outlet. 425 Input/Output. via keyboard. KVMs. we will not discuss them here. and Mouse (KVM).6 describes those in brief. 4 ❍ B.CramQuiz Input/Output. 63 ❍ C. If you cannot answer these questions correctly. Type B ❍ C. The answers follow the last question. What is the maximum data transfer rate of IEEE 1394a? ❍ A. Input Devices. 5 Gb/s 2. 5 Gb/s ❍ D. 127 ❍ D. . Type C ❍ D. Type D 4. 24 Mb/s 5. 400 Mb/s ❍ B. 220-901 Questions 1. ❍ C. Adjust the light wavelength. 400 Mb/s ❍ C. 12 Mb/s ❍ B.0? ❍ A. What should you do next? ❍ A. Test the reader by reading barcodes. Which type of USB connector is normally found on a desktop PC or laptop? ❍ A. ❍ D. 480 Mb/s ❍ D. ❍ B. What is the data transfer rate (speed) of USB 3. consider reading this section again until you can. What is the maximum number of USB devices a computer can support? ❍ A. and Peripherals Cram Quiz Answer these questions. Type A ❍ B. 255 3. You just installed a barcode reader to a laptop. Point the barcode reader at someone. Program the reader to recognize codes. 800 Mb/s ❍ C. You plug a USB device into the front panel port of a PC but nothing happens. You plugged a USB 2. What is the most likely cause? ❍ A. Connects multiple computers to save resources 7.0 port. The front panel connectors are not plugged into the motherboard. Input Devices. STB . touchpad ❍ B. You are installing a wireless keyboard to a PC. ❍ B. You need to reboot the computer. speakers ❍ D. Keyboard. Thunderbolt version 3 ❍ C. Printer. Connects a computer to Bluetooth-enabled devices ❍ B. ❍ B. Thunderbolt connection ❍ C. 427 Input/Output.1 ❍ B. What is the most probable cause? ❍ A. What does the PC require? ❍ A. ❍ C. The USB 3. A user calls you with a complaint that none of his USB devices are working. The USB is disabled in the BIOS. touchscreen. The root hub is not configured. Bluetooth version 3 ❍ D. and Peripherals 6. Ethernet connection ❍ D. Which of the following has a data transfer rate of 40 Gb/s and uses a USB Type-C connector? ❍ A. 9. motion sensor. Thunderbolt version 2 11. What does a KVM do? ❍ A. ❍ D. USB 3. Networks multiple computers together ❍ D.0 device into a USB 2. The USB is disabled in Windows. You plugged a USB 3. Which of the following are considered both input and output devices? ❍ A.0 device into a USB 3. Smart card reader. Allows multiple users to share a single computer ❍ C. IEEE 1394 8.0 controller has failed. ❍ C. mouse. KVM. Bluetooth dongle ❍ B. 10. Smart TV. ❍ D. biometric device ❍ C.0 port. C. 10.0 port. mouse. Rebooting is usually not necessary when installing USB devices. Although it might be possible to disable one USB device at a time in Windows. FireWire supports up to 63 devices. The computer must either have a built-in Bluetooth antenna or a Bluetooth dongle connected to a USB port for the keyboard to function. fewer resources in the way of peripherals (input/output devices) are necessary to use the computers. IEEE 1394b (FireWire 800) specifies 800 Mb/s. and 400 Mb/s is the data rate of IEEE 1394a (FireWire 400). or IEEE 1394 ports. and STBs are considered both input and output devices. A USB 3.0 port but at the lower speed. D. 5 Gb/s is the data rate for USB 3. D. USB hubs will be necessary to go beyond the number of USB ports (usually 4 or 6) com- monly found on a system. program the reader to recognize the codes.0 speed when plugged into a USB 3. 2. USB 3. D. A. Wireless keyboards and mice often use Bluetooth to transmit to a PC or lap- top.428 CHAPTER 13: Peripherals and Custom Computing Cram Quiz Answers 220-901 Answers 1. 7. A KVM connects multiple computers to a single keyboard. Bluetooth version 3 has theoretical speeds up to 24 Mb/s. it is auto-configured by Windows. mice.0 has a maximum data transfer rate of 480 Mb/s. If none of the USB devices are working. Type A connectors are almost always included on desktop PCs and laptops. A. However. A.0 device will work fine in a USB 2. 5. motion sen- sors. IEEE 1394a (FireWire 400) specifies a maximum data transfer rate of 400 Mb/s. Although SuperSpeed+ USB 3. A. and biometric devices are considered input devices. 8. 11. 3. it will be uncom- mon. and moni- tor. These types of devices do not connect to Thunderbolt. B.1. smart card readers. 4. USB 2. chances are that USB has been disabled in the BIOS. If the USB 3. 12 Mb/s is the data rate for USB version 1. touchpads. 9.0 runs at 5 Gb/s. After installing the device as well as the driver for the device. . C. Bluetooth version 3 runs at 24 Mb/s. Thunderbolt version 2 transfers data at 20 Gb/s and uses a DisplayPort (or Mini DisplayPort) connector. Most likely.0 controller fails. The USB root hub requires no configuring. Ethernet.0 controller should still be functioning for other ports. KVMs. 6.0 device will work at USB 2. This way. A USB 2. C. the USB 2.0. touchscreens. Printers and speakers are considered output devices. Thunderbolt version 3 has a data transfer rate of 40 Gb/s and uses a USB Type-C connector. it has a data transfer rate of 10 Gb/s. Disabling all the devices in Windows is rare. the front panel connectors are not plugged into the motherboard. USB can support up to 127 devices on one computer. This might be company policy so that users can’t access USB drives or boot the computer to a USB drive. Smart TVs. Keyboards.1 can use the newer USB Type-C connector. Examples of audio/video workstations include ▶ Video recording/editing PCs: These run software such as Adobe Premiere Pro. they need a specialized video or audio card. . So from a hard- ware standpoint. Final Cut. 429 Custom PC Configurations Custom PC Configurations There are several custom configurations that you might encounter in the IT field. Note Identify the software programs listed above and understand exactly what they are used for. and rendering require a fast computer with high-capacity storage and big displays (usually more than one). large. Keep in mind that the video cards and specialized storage drives are going to be expensive devices. Adobe Premiere Pro: http://www. processing. ExamAlert Remember that audio/video workstations need specialized A/V cards. the fastest hard drive available with a lot of storage space (defi nitely SSD and perhaps SATA Express or PCI Express-based). but you get the idea. These computers need to be designed to easily manipulate video files and music files.apple.html Apple Final Cut: http://www.com/logic-pro/ Avid ProTools: http://www.com/final-cut-pro/ Apple Logic Pro: http://www. ▶ Music recording PCs: These run software such as Logic Pro or Pro Tools.adobe. be sure to employ all antistatic mea- sures before working with those cards.avid.com/products/premiere.com/us/products/family/pro-tools This just scratches the surface. You should be able to describe what each type of computer is and the hardware that is required for these custom computers to function properly. or Sony Vegas. Audio/Video Editing Workstation Multimedia editing. and multiple monitors (to view all of the editing windows).apple. fast hard drives. and multiple monitors. you can do this by creating virtual machines for each OS. It is also known as a virtual machine manager (VMM). However. it is also known as bare metal. Linux. ExamAlert Don’t forget. a high-end video card (perhaps a workstation-class video card—much more expensive). ▶ Type 2: Hosted: This means that the hypervisor runs within (or “on top of”) the operating system. with virtual software. you should consider quadrupling that amount. architecture. plus. This software is CPU-intensive and images require a lot of space on the screen. the faster the RAM. the better—just make sure your motherboard (and CPU) can support it. guests are one level removed from . drafting. a CAD/CAM workstation needs a powerful. But there are two different kinds: ▶ Type 1: Native: This means that the hypervisor runs directly on the host computer’s hardware. you can run whatever operating systems on it that you need. CAD/CAM computers need powerful. Did you ever wish that you had another two or three extra computers lying around so that you could test multiple versions of Windows.430 CHAPTER 13: Peripherals and Custom Computing CAD/CAM Workstation Computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) workstations are common in electrical engineering. multi- core CPU (or more than one if you are using advanced CAD software or if you are performing 3-D design/rendering). and possibly a Windows Server OS all at the same time? Well. and as much RAM as possible. Because of this. Examples of this include VMware vSphere and Microsoft Hyper-V. you are probably going to bring that PC to a standstill. Compared to Type 1. The virtualiza- tion workstation uses what is known as a hypervisor. If a program has a minimum RAM requirement of 2 GB of RAM. multicore CPUs. if you build a workstation specializing in virtualization. Guest operating systems run within the hypervisor. high-end video cards. and as much RAM as possible. But if you run those at the same time on your main computer. and many other engineering arenas. which allows multiple virtual operating systems (guests) to run at the same time on a single com- puter. Hardware-wise. Virtualization Workstation A virtualization workstation is a computer that runs one or more virtual operating systems (also known as virtual machines or VMs). They run software such as AutoCAD. However. Windows Server. For example. http://ark. Figure 13. too. To check whether your CPU can support VT. keep in mind that the hardware/software requirements for a Type 1 hypervisor are more stringent and more costly. It makes sense. Intel chipsets use the VT-d and VT-c extensions for input-output mem- ory management and network virtualization. 431 Custom PC Configurations the hardware and therefore run less efficiently. Because of this. It is not nearly as efficient as running the hosted OS within a Type 1 environment. In addition. Intel CPUs that support x86 virtualization use the VT-x virtualization exten- sion. you know that a ton of resources are used and those resources are taken from the hosting operating system. and Linux Ubuntu. . some CPUs do not support Intel Virtualization Technology (VT). AMD chipsets use the AMD-Vi extension. If you have ever run a powerful operating system such as Windows Server within a Type 2 hypervisor such as Virtual PC. You will note that it has a variety of virtual machines inside. respectively. Type 1 is a much faster and efficient solution than Type 2. such as Windows 7.2 shows an exam- ple of VirtualBox. FIGURE 13. Type 1 hypervisors are the kind used for virtual servers by web-hosting companies and by companies that offer cloud-computing solutions.2 VirtualBox Manager window Generally.intel. you need to make sure your CPU supports virtualization.com/Products/VirtualizationTechnology. Examples of this include Microsoft Virtual PC and Oracle VirtualBox. AMD CPUs that support x86 virtualization use the AMD-V extension. This includes considerations for the virtual machine OS as well as the controlling virtual machine software. The VM should have the latest updates. the host should be even more secure than the VMs it controls.html.com/en-us/library/ hh846766. Usually. if not addressed. However. the newest AV defi nitions. it depends heavily on a server.microsoft. but. and so on.org/manual/ch01. Therefore. such as optical drives. Consider disabling any unnecessary hardware from within the virtual machine. strong passwords. ExamAlert Remember that virtualization systems depend on the CPU and RAM heavily. This means a powerful. Note For more information on how to create virtual machines with programs such as Hyper-V and VirtualBox. there are several things to watch out for that. A com- promise to the hosting computer probably means a compromise to any guest operating systems. the guts—the core of the system—need to be robust. in general. the security of a virtual machine operating system is the equiva- lent to that of a physical machine OS.432 CHAPTER 13: Peripherals and Custom Computing Any computer designed to run a hypervisor often has a powerful CPU (or multiple CPUs) with four cores or more and as much RAM as can fit in the system. These systems require maximum RAM and CPU cores. and so on. visit https://technet. Thin Client A thin client (also known as a slim. Keep an eye out for network shares and other connections between the virtual machine and the physical machine or connections between two VMs. or cloud client) is a computer that has few resources compared to a typical PC. lean. if possible. It is often a small device integrated directly into the display or could .aspx and https://www. compatible motherboard as well. In general. One last comment: A VM should be as secure as possible. USB ports. it is likely more easily exploited. Keep in mind that the motherboard BIOS/UEFI and the CPU should have virtualization support.virtualbox. So in essence. because the hosting computer is in a controlling position. could cause all your work compartmentalizing operating systems to go down the drain. perhaps a personal firewall. but the following gives a somewhat main- stream scenario. back then. They do have a CPU. With thin-client computing. but the terminal (thin client) incorporates a CPU. and network. 433 Custom PC Configurations be a stand-alone device using an ultra-small form factor (about the size of a cable modem or gaming console). it loads the OS and applications from an image stored (embedded) on flash memory or from a server. this was how a mainframe system worked. however. Other examples of thin clients include point-of-sale (POS) systems such as the self-checkout systems used at stores or touchscreen menus used at restau- rants. mouse. The whole idea behind thin clients is to transfer a lot of the responsibilities and resources to the server. an organization pur- chases more powerful and expensive servers but possibly saves money overall . They are also known simply as computer terminals which might provide only a basic GUI and possibly a web browser. the terminal did virtually no processing. This is an example of centralized computing. Some thin clients are also known as disk- less workstations because they have no hard drive or optical discs. RAM. keyboard. They serve a single purpose and require minimum hardware resources and minimum OS requirements. they can connect wirelessly as well. Note Back in the day. ExamAlert Viruses have a hard time sticking around a thin client because the RAM is com- pletely cleared every time it is turned off. we still have mainframes (super-computers). There is a bit of a gray area when it comes to thin clients due to the different models and types over the years. When a typical thin client is turned on. the thin client is dependent on the server for a lot of resources. when the thin client is turned off. where the server does the bulk of the processing. and ports for the display. and was therefore referred to as a “dumb” terminal. Thin cli- ents can connect to an in-house server that runs specially configured software or they can connect to a cloud infrastructure to obtain their applications (and possibly their entire operating system). The OS and apps are loaded into RAM. So. had no CPU. all memory is cleared. Today. Distributed computing is by far the more com- mon method today. is effectively a PC. or even the majority. and so on. There are still servers. The majority of processing takes place on the thick client itself. of course. where the processing load is dispersed more evenly among all the computers. meets the minimum manu- facturer’s requirements for the selected operating system. including a 1 GHz 64-bit CPU. This standard thick client should meet (or exceed) the recommended requirements for Window 8. An example of a standard thick client is a desktop computer running Windows 8 and Microsoft Office. client/server network. 2 GB of RAM. and 20 GB of free hard drive space. with a thick client. files. user profile. a typical local area network of PCs would be known as distributed computing. but the thick client has more power and capabilities compared to the thin client. and requires network connectivity to reach a server or host system where some. it’s important to verify that the thick client meets the recommended requirements for the selected OS. a thick client performs the bulk of data processing operations by itself and uses a drive to store the OS. . of processing takes place. When using a thick client. data. single-purpose applications. Unlike a thin client. ExamAlert A standard thick client runs desktop applications such as Microsoft Office and meets the manufacturer’s recommended requirements for the selected operating system. In comparison to thin clients and the somewhat centralized computing. Standard Thick Client A standard thick client. The typical thin client might have one of several operating systems embedded into the flash memory. ExamAlert A thin client runs basic. Lenovo thin clients) while benefitting from a secure design. but it isn’t nearly as common. and user pro- files is considered to be a more organized and secure solution than the typical PC-based.434 CHAPTER 13: Peripherals and Custom Computing by spending less on each thin client (for example. This method of centralizing resources. or fat client. depending on the model purchased. and offers web browsing and the ability to easily install software. information can be stored centrally on that system. Files and printers can be shared to the rest of the devices on the network. and media can be streamed to the other systems as well. 3 drives or more). discussed in Chapters 16 and 14. you can do so with any Windows OS that can start a HomeGroup. or with most desktop variants of Linux. but to incor- porate fault tolerance. 435 Custom PC Configurations Home Server PC A real server runs software such as Windows Server or Red Hat Enterprise Linux. and needs to be part of a network (such as a HomeGroup) so that file and print sharing and media streaming can be configured. 2 drives) or RAID 5 (striping with parity. To do this on a Windows system. But this software is expensive and requires a lot of know-how. and you can select parental ratings if you want. ExamAlert Remember that a home server PC should have a fast network adapter and a RAID array. a Mac with OS X. and then click the Change advanced sharing settings link. From these last two locations. Turn on media streaming and then click Customize for any particular device. you can choose what is to be streamed. we would equip it with a gigabit network adapter minimum (wired. Once that computer is configured properly. respectively. Open the appropriate network type and then click the Choose media streaming options link. we might need a RAID controller either embedded on the motherboard or installed as a separate adapter card. Then we would need to configure file sharing and possibly print sharing. Note Linux is another great option for powerful home server PCs. but it is unlikely that you will encounter a question about Linux media streaming on the A+ exams. To configure media streaming in Windows. for best results) and set up a RAID array. . However. we would want RAID 1 (mirroring. The RAID array could be RAID 0 (striping). if you want to have a home server PC. For the average home user. a server OS is not usually necessary. Or an external RAID array could be con- nected to the computer or connected to the network directly (NAS box) and controlled by the computer. go to Control Panel > HomeGroup. It requires too much money and hardware resources and takes too much time to config- ure. To make this server function quickly and recover from faults. CD player. However. Finally. surround sound audio. you would need a TV tuner and possibly an antenna. The purpose of all this is to record shows onto the computer and basically use the computer as a digital video recorder (DVR). and various audio equipment. In some cases. Many come with a remote control (and IR blaster) so that the computer can be controlled in the same manner as a TV. they might install TV tuner cards. a liquid-cooled CPU (instead of fan-based) and solid-state hard drive would complete the equation.1 is the last OS that will support WMC. I built another computer called HTPC1 for exactly this purpose. users can control their TV experience. . Note Media PC. and an HDMI output for connectivity to big-screen televisions or projectors. These cards can accept the signal from a cable or satellite provider or an over-the-air (OTA) antenna and then send it back out to the TV or other devices in the home theater. among other things.com/articles/?p=639. However. which I built for this book. a quiet desktop case with a silent video card.436 CHAPTER 13: Peripherals and Custom Computing Home Theater PC (HTPC) A home theater PC (HTPC) can take the place of a Blu-ray player. ExamAlert Know that an HTPC needs a small form factor. If this is the case. You can learn more about it at http://www. However.davidlprowse. Some TV tuners also act as capture cards. quiet equipment. meaning that they can capture the signal and record TV programs. DVD player. if you want to get TV reception. this depends on the area you live in. To keep the rest of the computer quiet. Surround sound audio is desired as well. whether it comes from a sound card on the computer or from an external source. The requirements for an HTPC include a small form factor (micro-ATX or mini-ITX). it can also take the place of a set-top box (STB) as well. and possibly a TV tuner. It has become more difficult (but not impossible) to use the HTPC for television reception due to cablecards and encryption techniques. Home entertainment enthusiasts often have computers hooked up to their home theaters. according to Microsoft. would work well as an HTPC. By using programs such as Windows Media Center (WMC) and Kodi. Windows 8. HDMI output. This all creates a computer that is expensive and requires care and maintenance to keep it running in perfect form. The video card is a huge component of this equation. high-end video with specialized GPU. If even just one of these elements is missing from a gaming system. and high-end cooling. A computer that uses one of these technologies has two (or more) identical video cards that work together for greater performance and higher resolution. a big monitor that supports high resolutions and refresh rates. One of the ways to improve the video subsystem is to employ multiple video cards. advanced cooling methods (liquid cooling if you want to be serious). ExpressCard and Mini PCIe (for laptops). Gaming PCs require almost all the resources mentioned previously: a powerful. It is important to have a compatible motherboard and ample cooling when attempting this type of configuration. plus a fast network adapter and strong Internet connection (and mad skills). Because . Currently. lots of fast RAM. this is done with two or more PCI Express video cards (x16/ver- sion 3) and is most commonly found in gaming rigs. an above average. high-definition sound card. it could easily ruin the experience. Games are some of the most powerful applications available. The compatible cards are bridged together to essentially work as one unit. a high-end video card and specialized GPU. but you might fi nd it in other PCs as well (such as video editing or CAD/CAM workstations). and USB interfaces. multicore CPU. PCI. For the person who is not satisfied with gaming consoles. ExamAlert A gaming PC requires a multicore CPU. Gamers are always looking to push the envelope for video performance by increasing the number of frames per second (frames/s or fps) that the video card sends to the monitor. known simply as SLI (previously Scan Line Interleave) or AMD’s CrossFire. It’s possible to take video to the next level by incor- porating Nvidia’s Scalable Link Interface. Make sure you connect to the right one! An HTPC is often also used as a home server PC because most of the requirements are the same. 437 Custom PC Configurations TV tuner cards are available with PCI Express. TV tuners often have RG-6 connec- tors for cable in and antenna. a high-definition sound card. one or more SSDs (SATA Express or PCI Express). this is the path to take. Gaming PC Now we get to the core of it: Custom computing is taken to extremes when it comes to gaming. .438 CHAPTER 13: Peripherals and Custom Computing some motherboards come with only one PCIe x16 slot for video. a gaming system needs a more advanced motherboard: one with at least two PCIe x16 slots to accomplish SLI. Surround sound card and specialized GPU ❍ D. Liquid cooling and RAM ❍ B. HTPC 2. Powerful CPU and RAM 3. Fast network adapter ❍ C.Custom PC Configurations CramQuiz Cram Quiz Answer these questions. Gaming PC ❍ D. consider reading this section again until you can. 220-901 Questions 1. Thin client 4. Gaming PC ❍ C. If you cannot answer these questions correctly. Audio/Video Workstation ❍ C. RAID array ❍ E. Type 1 hypervisor ❍ D. Your organization needs to run Windows in a virtual environment.) ❍ A. TV tuner and silent hard drive ❍ C. What should you install Windows to? ❍ A. What are some of the elements of a home server PC? (Select the two best answers. CAD/CAM workstation ❍ B. The answers follow the last question. Gamepad . What do CAD/CAM workstations require most? ❍ A. Which of the following is the best type of custom computer for use with Pro Tools? ❍ A. The best CPU ❍ D. Type 2 hypervisor ❍ B. The OS is expected to require a huge amount of resources for a powerful application it will run. Liquid cooling ❍ B. A CAD/CAM workstation most requires a powerful CPU and RAM. However. ❍ D. Windows libraries are malfunctioning. All connections are plugged in and all the other portions of Windows Media Center work. 3. The coax cable is plugged into the antenna port. Media Center needs to be reinstalled. the Windows Media Center live TV option is not working. If the virtual operating system needs a lot of resources. D. 4. ❍ B. If everything is working except for the live TV option. . This is also a common mistake on set-top boxes. B and D. 5. What is the most likely cause of the problem? ❍ A. Type 2 hypervisors run on top of an operating system and therefore are not as efficient with resources. and a specialized GPU are required by gaming PCs. The computer overheated. Thin clients have the least amount of resources. TV tuners and silent hard drives are needed by HTPCs. A. Logic Pro. Liquid cooling. 2. The audio/video workstation is the type of custom computer that would use Pro Tools. B. Gaming PCs have lots of resources but are not meant to run virtual environments. C. a surround sound card. the best bet is a “bare metal” type 1 hypervisor. then the coax cable is probably plugged into the antenna port instead of the cable in port of the TV tuner card. Cram Quiz Answers 220-901 Answers 1. Home server PCs require a fast network adapter for the quick transfer of files over the network and a RAID array to offer fast and reliable access to data. ❍ C.440 CHAPTER 13: Peripherals and Custom Computing 5. You just set up an HTPC. and other music and video editing programs. 396 advanced booting. 577 antistatic sprays. 585 AMD (Advanced Micro Devices). 16-bit color depth. 134 air treatment. 670 . 227-228 Android. 606 ACEs (access control entries). 599 A AFP (Apple Filing Protocol). 74 Access Denied message. 19 Android application package (APK). 346-349 air flow. printer issues. 668 air. 509 AIK (Automated Installation Kit). 557 alternating current (AC). 122 System). 273 Advanced Security Settings. 517 antistatic wipes.11 wireless. 606 establishing. 275 systems). 616 Accelerated Processing Unit (APU). 17 versions of. 606-607 Interface). 12 Wi-Fi screen. routers. 396 346-349 32-bit color depth. 273 antistatic mats. 21 Android devices. 628-629 display issues. 607 wireless issues. 199 Android Open-Source Project (AOSP). 523-525 AES (Advanced Encryption Standard). 609 Action Center. 586 antimalware. 68-69 Advanced Configuration and Power 32-bit programs. 159 file security. 606 administrative shares. 273 Interface (ACPI). 68-69 Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). mobile devices. 643 adjusting volume on laptops. 591 64-bit programs. 204 64-bit CPUs versus 32-bit CPUs. 588 802. 670 Administrator accounts. troubleshooting (operating adding snap-ins to MMC. 609 all-in-one (AOC). 34 accessing BIOS (Basic Input Output amperage. 321 Accelerometer. 591. 204 rooting. 585-586 antistatic bags. 396 Advanced Boot Options menu (ABOM). 137 acceptable use policy (AUP). 619 power issues. 465 AMD connection. testing. 359 synchronization. 674 AC outlets. 639 ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power open source. 74 alerts for updates. 674-675 ABOM (Advanced Boot Options menu). 670 ADSL (Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber antistatic strap. 123-125 airplane mode. 346-349 32-bit CPUs versus 64-bit CPUs. 134 access control entries (ACEs).Index Symbols 8-bit color. 244 ABC Halotron extinguishers. 585 Force Stop option. 616 action plans syncing to a PC. 48-50 analog multimeters. 145 accessories. 669 Administrative Tools. 23 Line). 146 AC (alternating current). 607 Apple Filing Protocol (AFP). 556 AOSP (Android Open-Source Project). 530 ASUS X99-A. color. See BIOS audio basic printer configuration settings. 39 lithium-ion batteries. violation of security best AUP (acceptable use policy). 74 APIPA (automatic private IP addressing). 203 audio editing workstation. 357 backed up print queue. 424 (ADSL). 198 apps Backup and Restore. single-channel versus multi. 504 automatic private IP addressing (APIPA). 479 antivirus (AV) software. 304 audio subsystems. 549 mobile devices. 406-408 BD-RE (Blu-ray Disc Recordable Erasable). installing. custom configu. 668 authentication servers. 509 B Apple iPad Air 2. 485.750 antistatic wrist straps antistatic wrist straps. 137 Autoplay/Autorun. installing DRAM. dual-channel RAM. 245. See apps worn-out backlights. 265 backlights. 30 banks. base memory clock. 503 571 . 410-411 Basic Rate ISDN (BRI). troubleshooting. 406 BD-R (Blu-ray Disc Recordable). 608-609 Vista. 74 Backup Status and Configuration architectures. 517 troubleshooting. 465 application windows. mobile devices. 331-332 APU (Accelerated Processing Unit). 202-203 audio accessories. 559 APIPA address. 134-136 Basic Input Output System. 408-409 174 speakers. 46-47 audio clusters. 525 ATX (Advanced Technology Extended). 555. 429 BCD (Boot Configuration Data). 660-661 Backup and Restore (Windows 7). Event Viewer. (Windows Vista). 332 stopping. 244 Anycast. Anytime Upgrade. 220-221 backdoors. 556 Application log. 199-200 454-455 quality. Windows 7. 643-644 Backup Status and Configuration. 430 Attrib. 397 assigning static IP addresses on SOHO Bad Block Management. 409-410 batteries. 30. 555-559 Automated Installation Kit (AIK). 129 rations. 408 best practices. 517 bare metal. 109 498 AV (antivirus) software. 585 BASE. disabling. 398 backward compatibility. battery backup. 330 apt-get. 180 networks. 100-102 File History (Windows 8). 174 sound cards. 606 AV Editor. 557 practices. 197 applications. Windows obtaining. 601 bandwidth. 104 Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line barcode readers. installing. 332 channel. binary masked bits. laptops. 573 authentication. 331-332 mobile devices. multifactor authentication. 331 aspect ratio. 638 APK (Android application package). 228 lithium batteries. hardware. 638-640 backups. troubleshooting. 247 498 AOC (all-in-one). 98 40-43. 303 Blu-ray Disc Recordable Erasable (BD-RE). 590-591 parallel buses. 377 safety. 67 memory error. 71-72 breadboarding. 492 boot files. 303 623-624 \Boot. 49 cable Internet. 304 RG-6. 377 patch cables. 303 174 \Windows\Temp. 671 Bootrec. encryption. 492 boot order. 245. 651 fiber optic. 127 accessing.exe tool. 74 CPUs. 303 BNC connectors. 591 BYOD (Bring Your Own Device). 489-490 bootrec. 377 fiber optic. 582 boot order. 623 \Users. 48-50 brute-force attacks. 630 blacklists. 485-489 bootstrapping. BIOS. 33 BitLocker Drive Preparation Tool. 351 twisted-pair. 421-422. 105 flashing. 567 botnets. 127 Blue Screen of Death (BSOD). 501 bridges. 625 \Windows. 304 Blu-ray. 491-494 POST (power-on self-test). 350 coaxial. 490-491 Boot Configuration Data (BCD). 304-305 cable cutters. 675 bootrec /rebuildbcd. 424 Bring Your Own Device (BYOD). 49 BSOD (Blue Screen of Death). 47-48 expansion buses. 32 POST (power-on self-test). 46 cabling tools. 173-174 \Windows\Fonts. 490 CA (certificate authority). 303 disconnecting. 174 \Windows\System32. 661 cable testers. 751 caches binary values. 350-351 cable certifiers. 47-48 CAC (Common Access Card). 207. unauthorized access. 591 BNC/RCA. 488 bootrec /fixboot. 485 bootrec /fixmbr. 35-38 BitLocker. 226-227. 384 cable Boot Camp. 362-364 configuring. 230 \Windows\CSC. 51-52 bus speed. \. 350. 476 biometric devices. 485. 567-568 broadband cable. 492 Bootmgr. 115 buses. 46-47 brownouts. 303 Bluetooth earpieces. 518 bootleader files. 493 bootrec /ScanOs. \Windows\SysWOW64. 517 . 303 troubleshooting. 304 cables BOOTMGR is missing. 48-50 buffered memory. 565 C blackouts. 304 Blu-ray Disc Recordable (BD-R). 490 boot errors. 362-364 C Bluetooth. 157 BRI (Basic Rate ISDN). 377 interference. 573 caches brands of CPUs. 518 BIOS (Basic Input Output System). 560 crossover. 55 hard drives. 630 biometrics. IP Classes. video. 170 clock rate. 234 cameras. 502-503 . 396-397 chmod. what happens next. 291 printers. 696-697 clouds. 478-479 CEUs (Continuing Education Units). 489-490 Check Disks. 692 coaxial cables. 430 Class D. disks. 169-170 nslookup. 500 calibrating classes. 103 IPv4. 502-503 station. 103 CLI (command-line interface) tools. 67 cellular radio technologies. 371 CAS (Column Address Strobe) latency. 423 clean installs. 500-501 monitors. 227 COA (certificate of authenticity). hard drives. 32-35 392 video cards. 678 memory).752 CAD (computer-aided design) workstation CAD (computer-aided design) workstation. 540-543 CDMA (code division multiple access). mobile devices. 544 CD (compact disc). CL. nbtstat. 430 classless IP. 103 custom configurations. incident response. 616-618 closed source. 46-48 chain of custody. 423 CleanUp!. 227 ipconfig. 315 ping. 617 checking drives. 571 capacity requirements. 433 cloud computing. 183 semiconductor). chipsets. 531 CD-ROM discs. power supply. 158 capacity. 607-608 centralized computing. 390 classic mode. 372-373 color depth. 486 CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing). 502 camcorders. 500 CAL (client-access license). CPUs. 520 clock speed. 544-545 392 net. 169 client/server networks. types of clouds. 678 Class E. custom configurations. 229 cleaning up. 696 CMOS (complementary metal-oxide CF (CompactFlash). CAM (computer-aided manufacturing) work. 660 colors. wiring standards (twisted pair chown. IP classifications. 606 Cellular WAN. 207 iOS. 667 chargers. IPv4. 137 CLI (command-line interface). 678 cheat sheets. reverting to. 678 cloud computing services. 539-540 CCFL (Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp). 545-546 cd. certificate authority (CA). 546 CD (Change Directory). IPv4. 617 tracert. 453 Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR). 328 Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp (CCFL). mobile devices. 545 CDFS (Compact Disc File System). 659 netdom. 158 web cameras. 477 certification. 328 code division multiple access (CDMA). 660 cables). 591 476-481 certificate of authenticity (COA). 539 cases. IP classifications. 678 CO2-based BC fire extinguishers. Column Address Strobe (CAS) latency. server roles and. 543-544 CD-ROM (compact disc read-only client-access license (CAL). 66-67 cellular. 454 chkdsk. 385 collating. 423 clean power. 485. 156 clearing hard drives. 307 netstat. 124 smart cameras. 373 components defrag command. 374 drive technologies. 375 Windows Vista. 345. 478 Quick Launch. 540-543 single-channel architectures versus multi-channel architectures. 134-137 robocopy. 298 compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM). 227 Notification Area. 265 compact disc (CD). 374 Windows Vista editions. 35 SFC (System File Checker). 264 mobile devices. 373 expansion buses. 371 CompactFlash (CF). 265 Snap technology. 373 power supplies. 241-242 convert command. 374 Component Object Model (COM). Linux. 375 I/O ports. 372 Component Video. 104 net. Command Prompt. 30-31 format command. 545 PCIe and PCI. 371 Component Services. 254-255 diskpart utility. 188-189 diskpart utility. 374 of motherboards. 544 parity versus nonparity. 266 Compact Disc File System (CDFS). 372-373 Windows 7 editions. 287. 255 taskkill. 224 netstat. 235 defrag command. 43 netdom. 546 mobile devices. 373 buses. 544-545 ECC and non-ECC. command-line. 567 Desktop. 263 communication skills. 93-94 chkdsk. 38-40 taskkill. 306-309. 183 command-line interface (CLI) tools. 315 . 38 ping. 47 xcopy command. 262 xcopy command. 265 communications gadgets. 103 371 SRAM versus DRAM. 375 front panel connectors. 298-299 chkdsk. 539-540 32-bit CPUs versus 64-bit CPUs. 100-102 tracert. 68-69 nbtstat. 373 Windows 8. 659-660 169 command-line interface (CLI). 235-236 shutdown. 375 complementary metal-oxide semi- conductor (CMOS). 104 nslookup. 265 community cloud. 35-38 shutdown. 373 Windows 8 editions. 375 Windows XP Mode. 32 chipsets. 272-273. 298 Command Prompt. 169-170 sidebars. 375 of Windows. 298 tasklist. 206-207 icons. 543-544 command-line tools. 753 components COM (Component Object Model). 374 of laptops. 682-684 dialog boxes. single-sided versus double-sided. 545-546 form factors. 384 convert command. 265 Common Access Card (CAC). 374 compatibility format command. 38-40 tasklist. 374 Windows 7. 539 comparing ipconfig. 374 application windows. 265 laptops. 242-243 SFC (System File Checker). 32-35 robocopy. 490 audio/video editing workstation. 458 symptoms of failing CPUs. 547 crossover cables. safety. 69-71 connection types. 81-86 455-456 laptops. 262 consoles. 274 copy. 269 cooling CPUs. 71-72 taskbars. 267 CPU caches. 505 sockets. 437 corrupted files. 505 installing DRAM. 457-458 clock rate. 303 virtualization workstations. 659 thin client. 113 connections. 267 Hyper-Threading (HT). 308 audio/video editing workstations. 636-638 display). 65 configuring clock rate. 275 taskbars. 465 critical updates. mobile devices. 75-76 managing printers and print jobs. 503-505 heat sinks. 74 spooling. 66 BIOS (Basic Input Output System). custom configurations COPY. 611 standard thick client. 23 contrast ratio. 75 printers. 73 networks. troubleshooting. 492 compressed air. after the test. 667 connectors custom configurations BNC. 598-599 power consumption. video cards. 454-455 thermal compound. 72 wireless encryption on SOHO multicore CPUs. 491 CAD/CAM workstation. 429 copying folders/files. 497-500 fans. 430-432 CPUs (central processing units). 384 continuity testers. 85 gaming PCs. 88 printer priority. 432-434 CProgram Files. 488 connector types.754 components Start menu. 696 Composite Video. 321 troubleshooting. 434 cp. file security. 383-385 CRT monitors. 66-67 Start menu. LCD (liquid crystal compromised devices. 87-88 225-227 CPU-Z. 216-217 printer pooling. installing. 463 printer issues. 429 SC. 48-50 cooling. 85 connectivity creased paper. 264 connects. 66 separator pages. 430 . Control Panel. 460 32-bit versus 64-bit. 75-77 Computer Management. 75 IPv4. 68-69 sharing printers. adding to MMC. 533-536 CPU-Z program. 491 Start screen. 76-77 IPv6. 160 home server PC. 373 Computer. 77 basic settings. 264 Continuing Education Units (CEUs). ST. 589 CAD/CAM workstations. 73-74 connection-oriented sessions. 459-460 brands of CPUs. 376 configurations. 430 Core i7-5820K CPU. 435-437 Cortana. 453 liquid cooling systems. 392 CompTIA A+ certification. networks. 86 connectionless sessions. 271 696-697 convert command. 456-457 technology. 601 DEL. 418 home server PC. 480 DACLs (discretionary access control lists). 195 data transfer rates. 96 dirty power. 636-638 dictionary attacks. 124 DDR3. 423 damaged keyboards. removing. 556 drives. 354-357. 38 DIR. migrating. 678 data. 170-172 Data Sources (ODBC). 159 ABOM (Advanced Boot Options menu). 435 DxDiag. 99 failure. SOHO networks. 136 discretionary access control lists (DACLs). 308 SSID. 437 Device Manager. 169 desktop replacements. 134 dd. 430-432 dfrgui. destruction of hard drives. 348 dead pixels. 660 Direct Media Interface (DMI). 265 damaged devices. 281 virtualization workstation. 96 directory structure. 526 networks. 389 DDR2. 191 Digital Light Processing (DLP). 156 digitizers. 306-309 DDR (Double Data Rate). hard drives. 299 Digital Visual Interface (DVI). 600 Desktop. 329-330 physical ports. dial-up Internet.exe. 623 desktops. 329 customizing user environments. 436-437 IRQ. 395 . SOHO networks. 434 testing CPU installation. 134 direct current (DC). 348 defrag command. 289-290 digital subscriber line (DSL). 389 Disable driver signature enforcement. 290 23 WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) on SOHO demilitarized zone (DMZ). 290-292 DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol). 582 damaged inverters. defragment. 432-434 devices. 516-517 585 dialog boxes. 278-279. 189 disconnecting Bluetooth devices. 659 disk versus disc. 263 disc. 95 Directory Services Restore Mode. 280 home theater PC (HTPC). 509 D DHCP servers. 348 DDR DIMM. 107 DirectX. 96-98 Disable automatic restart on system DDR4. 568 digital versatile disc (DVD). 32 DDoS (distributed denial-of-service). 374 disabling defrag -f. 197 digital rights management (DRM). 84 thin client. 169 device drivers. 303 DDR pinouts. 573 directories. visual effects. 197 digital cameras. 383 data transfer rate. 755 disk versus disc gaming PCs. 572 585 /dev. 159 Autoplay/Autorun. 394 damaged LCD screens. 280 standard thick client. 598 demagnetized Phillips head screw-drivers. 348 Disable early launch anti-malware protec- tion. 348 Debugging Mode. 308 DC (direct current). 517-518 data loss prevention (DLP). 329 346 defragmenting. laptops. 19 DVD-9. 171 docking stations. 18 driver signing. 383. 398-399 drivers. 678 duplexing. 328 disposal of substances. 13. 93-94 display controls. 568 drives not showing up. mapping. 171 reviewing. 517-518 DMZ (demilitarized zone). 499 dual-channel RAM. 140 chain of custody. 526 DTC (Distributed Transaction Coordinator). 508 298 DNS server. See video displays drives. 170-172 incident response. 313-314 91 partitioning drives. 374 versus SRAM. 158. 329-330 distributed computing. 508 DVD-18. 329 Double Data Rate (DDR). 309-313 downlevel phase. 650 dual layer (DL). 309-313 distributed denial-of-service (DDoS). 677-678 DVD-5. 678 DMI (Direct Media Interface). 420 device drivers. OS X. 677 DVD (digital versatile disc). 160 DLP (Digital Light Processing). 314 DLP (data loss prevention). 309 disposal of hard drives. 159. 480 dual-channel. 321 display resolution. 642-643 video drivers. 394 DRM (digital rights management). 531-533 DVD-Audio. 280 identifying problems. 100 DNS server address. 357 DisplayPort. 535 298 mounting. 395 displays printer drivers. 173 . 114-115 diskpart utility. 16 driver updates. 171 domains. laptops (video). 309-313 installing. 309-313 DLLs (Dynamic-Link Libraries). 313-314 DL (dual layer). installing. 35 documentation. 195-197 drive image. 573 managing. 309-313 action plans. 108-114 Disk Utility. 205 dual-rail power. mount points. OS X. 327 dongles. 309 double-sided versus single-sided. 452 mobile devices. 104 Dock. 171 partitioning. installing Windows 7. 653 troubleshooting. 22 DVD-14.756 Disk Cleanup Disk Cleanup. 16-17 drive status. 312. 675-677 defragmenting. 309-313 DRAM (dynamic random access memory). 309 Distributed Transaction Coordinator (DTC). Windows Vista. mobile devices. DNS (Domain Name System). 11 DVD-10. 677 dual voltage. 395-396 video displays. 17 drive technologies. 571-572 checking. 434 formatting. 95 Disk Management. 171 wireless issues. troubleshooting. 103 drive status. 205 Disk Defragmenter. 299 storage spaces. 244 display issues. 136 documentation. 171 power issues. 32 DSL (digital subscriber line). 171 Domain Name System (DNS). 18 dust. 256 formatting drives. 223 first response. 454 display issues. 18-19 troubleshooting connections. 172 BitLocker. 666-667 EULA (end-user licensing agreement). 667-668 Ethernet Switching. 675 exam questions. 172 Encrypting File System (EFS). 509 entry systems. 104 EATX12V. 183 expansion buses. 229 91 ergonomics. printer. 122 exam prep. 688-692 electromagnetic interference (EMI). 122 Ethernet cards. 616 Invalid Boot Disk errors. 24. 315. 672 error codes. 473 electrical safety. 362-364 Programmable ROM). 35-38. 357-358 (EEPROM). 135 error detection. ESD (electrostatic discharge). 230 (DHCP). 104 errors EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM). 122 Ethernet. 104 ECC (Error Correction Code) versus non. dynamic IP addresses. 172 encryption. 366 ECC. 46 eventvwr. 183 exFAT. 627 e-mail servers. 24. 172 S/MIME. 464 E Error Correction Code (ECC). 675 expand. 598-599 DVD+RW SL. unauthorized access. 315. 668-671 smart methods for. 591-592 DVD+RW DL. error reporting. 19-22 web-based e-mail for mobile devices. 626 power issues. 589 DVD+R SL. 57-61 POP3. 627 wireless issues. 348 DVD+R DL. 668-671 589-590 ESD prevention methods. 16-18 IMAP. e-readers. exams. configuring on DVD-RW SL. 678 DVI (Digital Visual Interface). 589-590 DVD-R SL. 373 EEPROM (Electrically Erasable stop errors. 383-385 Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution. 528 electrical fire safety. 689 electrostatic discharge (ESD). 206 electric power. 376 eMMC (embedded MMC). 590-591 DVD-RW DL. test taking tips. 692-696 625-626 Exchange. 315 EMI (electromagnetic interference). 695-696 e-mail. 480 embedded MMC (eMMC). 674-675 dynamic random access memory (DRAM). 480 Exchange Server. 627 motherboard issues. 625 examples Exchange. 299 environmental factors. 348 . 627 display issues. 357 electricity. 172 SOHO networks.msc. 382 Enable Boot Logging. 172 end-user licensing agreement (EULA). 172 Enable low-resolution video. 46 Windows errors. 678 Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM Event Viewer. 497 566-567 Dynamic-Link Libraries (DLLs). 109 electric current. 280 616 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol enhanced glasses. 757 expansion buses DVD-R DL. 365-366 EFS (Encrypting File System). 172 wireless encryption. DxDiag. professionalism. 518 file systems. OS X. 585-586 fox and hound. 200 BIOS (Basic Input Output System). 485. monitors. 589 permission inheritance and propagation. 315 folders. 668 extenders. 589 fdisk. 589 gaming PCs. laptops. 586-587 FTP (File Transfer Protocol). 42-43 File Explorer. 390 expectations. 434 moving. 674 ExpressCard. 666 comparing. 315 fire extinguishers. 306-309 G indexing. 136 fiber to the premises (FTTP). 490-491 ATX (Advanced Technology Extended). 305 ITX. 657 extending volumes. laptops expansion devices. 568 external keyboards. incidents. 556. 39. 518-519 fiber optic cables. 592 external expansion buses. 507 file servers. 304-305 fuse failure. 592-593 external monitors.758 expansion devices. 475. 196 encrypting. custom configurations. 314 Full HD. RAM. 40-41. 677 fitness monitors. 518 field replaceable units (FRUs). 269 microATX. 420 F first response. 230 fan failure. 479 FTTP (fiber to the premises). 475 Firefox. 143 Command Prompt. 650 Extended File Allocation Table (exFAT). 650-652 form factors. 507 fully buffered memory. 666 permissions. 204 firewalls. 584-585 formatting drives. 306 fat client. 308-309 directories. 658-659 full tower. 306 gadgets. 68 firewall exceptions. 38-40 588 FRUs (field replaceable units). 197 FireWire. 331 format command. 76-77 flashing. 311 external clock speed. 40. 560 fans CPUs. 204-205 filters. 373 file security. Android. 309-313 administrative shares. 437 temporary files. 659 Force Stop option. 136 File Transfer Protocol (FTP). 303 function keys. 41-42 File History. laptops. 142 fixmbr. 189-191 boot files. 327-328 . 265 gamepads. 639 features of OS X. 46 laptops. 424 moving file security. 51-52 FAT. 212. 105 files. 43 file associations. Windows 8. removing. front panel connectors. 492 moving and copying files and folders. 682 filtration systems. 204 Finder. 136 fiber optic. Linux. 589-590 Linux. 212. 193 Windows Firewall. HDDs (hard disk drives). custom configurations. 577 HIPS (host-based IPS). 534 disposal of. 759 host-based IDS (HIDS) garbled characters. 289 grep. 158 rations. 312. backups. 195. 154-156 Global System for Mobile Communications Shadow Copy. 569 GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications). 640 GPF (general protection fault). 580 differences between tablets/smartphones GPRS (general packet radio service). 695 HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT. 333-334 Global Positioning System (GPS). 292-293 gut instinct. removing. 655 troubleshooting. 221-222 mobile devices. 385 383 gpupdate. 116 network attached storage. 152 382 HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface). 423 GSM. 611 SATA drives. 328 home theater PC (HTPC). 499 laptops. hex screwdriver. 158-161 gestures. 293 gyroscope. 196 GPU (graphics processing unit). printers. 616 specifications. 383 Guest accounts. 212-213 general packet radio service (GPRS). 571-572 HomeGroups. 293 H HKEY_CURRENT_USER. registry. 658 HD Ready. 327-328 Environment). 194 removing unnecessary applications. 74. custom configu- cleaning up. 156-157 Gmail. 116 Google Cloud. 223-224 GPS (Global Positioning System). 158-161 Google. 75 graphics processing unit (GPU). 328 ghosted images. Android. video cards. 329-330 HomeGroup. 531-533 HDDs (hard disk drives). 571-572 ghost cursor. 152 host-based IDS (HIDS). 611 preventative maintenance. 658 hives. 157-158 gateway address. 195. 327 general protection fault (GPF). CPUs. 610 HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG. 23 382 hibernation. 436-437 defragmenting. 569 . printers. 293 hard disk drives (HDDs). 74. 569 GUID Partition Table (GPT). 629 SSDs (solid-state drives). 651 recycling. 152 HKEY_USERS. 334-336 (GSM). 293 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE. 636 hard resets. 465 installing. 465 restore points. 116 hardware gpresult. 293 hard drives. creating. 229 tablets. 616 and laptops. 580 heat sinks. 616 High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI). 606 hard faults. 611 smartphones. 152 home server PC. 660 HID (human interface devices). 153-154 GNOME (GNU Network Object Model temporary files. 330-332 435 checking drives. 162 geotracking. 435. 617 HIDS (host-based IDS). 616 maintaining. 312-313. 220-221 GPT (GUID Partition Table). laser printers. 443 517 IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol). 617 intermittent connectivity. 671 Identity). 408 IEC (International Electrotechnical video cards.760 host-based IPS (HIPS) host-based IPS (HIPS). 194 hybrid cloud. CPUs. 420 Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE). Internet installs. 447 547 impedance. 140-141 icons. 660 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN). 93 IEEE 1394. 189 human interface devices (HID). 436-437 infrastructure as a service (IaaS). 626. 195 hybrid devices. 16 from recovery disc. 640-642 HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol inkjet printers. 445-446 Secure). 35. 364-365 hot dock. 162 IMT-Advanced (International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced). 73 installing CPUs. 205 . 110 display issues. 39. 473 input devices. 81-86 I DRAM. 508 in-plane switching (IPS). laptops. 236-237 Hyper-Threading (HT). 508 installation methods Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure Windows 7. impact printers. 677-678 mobile devices. 616 hotspots. 67 implementing preventative measures. 55-56 iCloud. 423 keyboards and function keys. 157-158 IC (integrated circuit). 214-215 wireless issues. 478 stylus/digitizer. 226 indexing. 425 installation. 264 printer drivers. 34. 13 internal expansion buses. 256 HyperTransport. 189-191 humidity. 653 power supplies. Windows 7. 227 HTPC (home theater PC). 674-675 pointing devices. 108-114 IaaS (infrastructure as a service). 618 hot-swappable drives. 35. 306 HT (Hyper-Threading). 229 Equipment Identity). 72 Windows Vista. Intel. 122 internal clock speed. 207. 452 IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics). 156 ifconfig. 477 HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). 74 508. 569 improper shutdowns. 245 power issues. 477 hard drives. 408-409 IDS (intrusion detection system). 227 incident response. CPUs. 506-508 initiating resets. 636. 508 Windows 8. 392 hubs. 10-11 RAM. 627 Intel X99 chipset. 18 SODIMMs to laptops. 156 printers. 452-453 identifying problems. safety. 569 speakers. 386-388 Commission). 205 IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber hot items. 72 Infrared. 20 sound cards. troubleshooting. 141 integrated circuit (IC). imaging process. 356 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). 243-245 (HTTPS). 93 motherboards. 33 IMEI (International Mobile Station intelligent digital cameras. CPUs. 761 lanes International Mobile Station Equipment iPads. 617 ipconfig. 392 (IMSI). 416-419 external keyboards. 652 iOS devices Kindle. 548 lanes. 539-540 International Mobile Subscriber Identity IPS (in-plane switching). 661 PS/2. 655 IEEE 1394. 280 fiber optic. 628-629 KVM switches. 609 Identity (IMEI). 519 J intrusion detection system (IDS). 373 JEDEC standards. 42-43 satellite. 606 laptops. replacing on laptops. 503-505 cable Internet. 568 IPv6 Internet services. 607-608 replacing on laptops. 518-519 ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network). 191 synchronization. 569 International Mobile Telecommunications IPv4 Advanced (IMT-Advanced). 227 DSL (digital subscriber line). 503-504 dial-up. 424 Thunderbolt. 638 Konqueror. 193 iOS. 420-421 keyboards. 38-40. 517 ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network). 518 versus IPv4. 660 WiMAX. 189-191 closed source. 497-498 L IP Classes. 569 jailbreaking. 497-500 Internet of Things (IoT). 609. 356 502-503 Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP). 517-518 IRQ. 472 IP conflict. 303 I/O devices. 501 Internet pass-through. 500 508 configuring. 420 kernel panic error. 223 . 97 inverter boards. 416 K Bluetooth. 230 IP addresses. joysticks. 616 CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing). 503 Internet security appliances. 520 iwconfig. 517 ITX. classes. 425 IoT (Internet of Things). 569 intrusion prevention system (IPS). 609 troubleshooting on laptops. 421 keyboard errors. 616 Keychain. 229 jailbreaking. 191-192 jailbreaking. IPv4. 516-517 IR (Infrared). troubleshooting. unauthorized access. 230 private and public addresses. 421-422 KDE (K Desktop Environment). 423 USB ports. OS X. 500 LAN (local area network). Internet installs. 424 198-199 junction. mobile devices. Linux. 655 syncing to a PC. 503 cellular. 638 Invalid Boot Disk errors. 516 configuring. 422-425 I/O ports. 620 versus IPv6. 33 IP (ingress protection). 520 IPv6 addresses. screen configurations. 618 IPS (intrusion prevention system). 70 audio. 191 LED monitors. 206-207 LGA 1155 sockets.762 laptops laptops. 191 liquid cooling systems. 189-191 LightScribe technology. installing Last Known Good Configuration. 71 CPUs. 216 volume. 391-393 display controls. 188-189 LGA 1156 socket. 392 locks. 394 . Windows 7. 671 input devices. 46-47 troubleshooting. 520 memory. CPUs. 203 laser printers. 157 447-448 LCD. 656-657 replacing inverter boards. 204-205 LGA 2011 socket. differences between Libraries. adjusting. 191-192 line-of-site microwave links. 188 LGA 775 socket. 189 Lightning. 72 lumens. 161 LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access log files. 445 local installation from DVD-ROM. 660-661 troubleshooting keyboards. 654-655 optical drives. physical locks (unauthorized access). 72 low RF signal. 547 keyboards. 243 latency. troubleshooting. 348 Windows 7. 201-204 desktop distributions. 200 command-line. 667 Windows 7. 195 (LDAP). installing safety. 216-217 troubleshooting. 611 lockouts. 195-197 lithium batteries. replacing. 198-199 file systems. 493 leading bits. 658-659 resolution. 77 video. passwords. 212-213 LGA sockets. hard drives. 510 loopback plugs. safety. 199-200 LGA 1150 socket. installing to. 197-198 system boards. 270-271 tablets/smartphones. 116 Level 2 cache. 648. keyboards. 197 566 LCD monitors. 393 lost devices. 172 pointing devices. 72 ls. See LAN advantages of. 195 Location Services. 214-215 limited connectivity. 195 liquid crystal display (LCD). 548 Level 3 cache. 657-658 system boards. 71 communications. 541 local printers versus network printers. troubleshooting. 194 Lightweight Directory Access Protocol stylus/digitizer. 249 Protocol). 503 loose connections. 227 keyboards and function keys. 71 expansion devices. 213-216 Linux. 216-217 LGA 1366 sockets. 659-660 power. 634-636 Level 1 cache. 196 server distributions. 71 low-on-virtual memory errors. 666 lockups. 200 LGA (Land Grid Array) sockets. 223-224 lifting heavy items. 510 installing SODIMMs. 243 laser printing process. 659 Level 4 cache. 71 components of. damaged LCD screens. safety. 442-445 local area network. 71 fans. 70 hard drives. 581 contrast ratio. 443-444 local installation from USB. 82 hardware. 199 lithium-ion batteries. 42 permissions. 227 removing. adding. 92 Magic Mouse. 462 worms. 441 rootkits. 23 memory testing programs. 572 MIDI (musical instrument digital interface) managing devices. 386 Mac. 307 MMC (Microsoft Management Console). 395 missing files. mobile devices. 555 Microsoft mobile operating systems. 187. syncing devices to. 564 microATX. 423 spyware. 213-216 apps. 275 Media PC. 561-563 Windows RT. 605 DRAM. 561 Microsoft Sysinternals Rootkit Revealer. 136 man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks. 166 manufacturer’s driver. 571 mirroring. 555-558 Microsoft XPS Document Writer. 41-43 spam. 558-560 Microsoft Exchange. 572 MD (Make Directory). 638 snap-ins. 324 worms. 270 malicious software. 560 Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator (MSDTC). 220. See RAM video cards. 115 magnetic disk drives. 650 memory error. 285-286 MAC filtering. 304. 228 MAN (metropolitan area network). 564-565 Windows Phone. 555 MFPs (multifunction printers). 652-654 mini-ITX. RAM. 612-613 Trojan horses. 311 Missing Operating System message. 560 Micro-USB. 304. 424 drives. 298 removing. BIOS. 554-555 metropolitan area network (MAN). obtaining. 327 metafolders. printers. 558-560 micro-USB port. 373 material safety data sheets (MSDSs). 612 rootkits. 472 mid-tower. 763 mobile devices M RAM. 472 preventing. 535 missing files at startup. 136 mantraps. 289-290 OS X. 160 master boot record (MBR). 555-558 Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN). 116 maintaining hard drives. SOHO networks. 108 MMC (MultiMediaCard). 183 media players. 613 spyware. 600 memory controllers. installing DRAM. 65 Trojan horses. OS X. 274 MDM (Mobile Device Management). 561 viruses. 608-609 mobile devices. 564 viruses. 561-563 microprocessors. 554-555 Microsoft Management console. 228 . 160 mapping drives. 627 malware. See MMC preventing. 309 migrating user data. 411 Mobile Device Management (MDM). 103 magnifying glass. 650 MBR (master boot record). 459-460 Mini PCI Express. 564 spam. 154 memory latency. 665 Mission Control. See DRAM accessories. 311 MITM (man-in-the-middle) attacks. 455-456 mini-tower. 629 virtual memory. 227-228 laptops. 205 printers. 564-565 microphones. 638 memory mobile devices. 611 multiboots. 225-227 components. 183 screen resolution. microATX. 397 MultiMediaCard (MMC). 424 CRT monitors. 35-38 GPS (Global Positioning System). hardware. 229 chipsets. 56-57 remote management of. 221-222 mouse. 35 expansion buses. 138 testing AC outlets. 621-622 multi-channel architectures versus mobile hotspots. 667 mv. video. 42-43 Microsoft mobile operating systems. 227 motherboard bus speed. 284. 67 comparing hardware. 23. 313-314 smart cameras. 226-227. 50 multipath propagation. 223 ATX (Advanced Technology laptops. 441 color depth. 229 mounting drives. 423 screen protectors. 399 multimeter. 620 single-channel architectures. synchronizing. safety. 619-620 MSDSs (material safety data sheets). 630 examples. 640-642 form factors. 145 Molex. 38-40 initiating resets. 390 musical instrument digital interface (MIDI) devices. 616 spontaneous shutdowns. 30-31 e-mail. 40-41 memory. 38-40 I/O ports. 665. 666 communications. 610 mount points. 55-56 ports. 32-35 geotracking. 220-221 MSDTC (Microsoft Distributed Transaction troubleshooting. 636-638 BIOS. hardware. 197 filters. 40 IP (ingress protection). 347. 324 Wi-Fi. 41-42 612-613 installing. 298 virtual assistants. 43 multicore CPUs. 225-227 troubleshooting. 365 cellular radio technologies. 57-61 screen configurations. installing Windows 7. file security. 229-230 Multicast. 124-125 monitoring BIOS. 609-610 motion sensors.764 mobile devices Bluetooth. 224 motherboards. 524 monitors multiple displays. 638-640 msconfig. 313-314 smartphones. 504 Wi-Fi. 245 wearable technology. 228 ITX. 571 modifying multifunction printers (MFPs). See laptops Extended). 659 external monitors. troubleshooting. 616-618 MSDN (Microsoft Developer Network). 401-402 calibrating. 229. 29 compromised/damaged devices. 73 modems. 623-625 LCD monitors. 625-627 buses. 361-362 synchronization. 611 front panel connectors. 634-636 moving folders/files. 589 stopping apps. 611 drive technologies. 100-102 mobile-ITX. safety. 630 675-677 tablets. 207. See BIOS connection types. 423 stolen/lost. 642-645 Coordinator). 390 . 476 multifactor authentication. 32 e-readers. Windows Vista. 531-533 near field communication (NFC). 34 routers. 533-536 Open Database Connectivity (ODBC). 544 SOHO networks. 473 non-ECC versus ECC (Error Correction modems. 226-227 network card properties. 475 northbridge functionality. 597-601 network adapters. 476 Code). 190 network interference. 528-531 routers. 546 extenders. 528-531 VPNs (virtual private networks). 226-227 networks near letter quality (NLQ). 545-546 MAN (metropolitan area network). 528 network controllers. 271 257 networking on-screen display (OSD). 510 O network printers versus local printers. 476 nslookup. 43 802.11 wireless. 475 No-eXecute. 516-520 . 476 no connectivity. 528-531 NIC (network interface controller). 314 network installation. 104 PoE (Power over Ethernet). 475 Notepad. 544-545 workgroups. 528 troubleshooting. 525-527 native resolution. 472 net. 545 WAP (wireless access point). 162 set up. 265-267 VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol). 510 bridges. 475 noisy drives. 531-533 open source. 675 network management system (NMS). 472 netstat. 299 domains. 472 netdom. Network window. 569 NFC (near field communication). NTFS permissions. 520 nano-ITX. 474-475 nonparity versus parity. 299 447-448 OLED (organic light-emitting diodes). installing Windows 7. 521-523 NAT (network address translation). 505-507 online configuration phase. 560 firewalls. 392 sharing resources. 479 NIDS (network-based IDS). 533-536 nbtstat. 526 WAN (wide area network). 400 connections. 523-525 NAS (network attached storage). 161 hubs. 472 network-based IDS (NIDS). 308 switches. 606 HomeGroups. 485 NLQ (near letter quality). 526 SOHO routers. 546-549 network card properties. 569 network data transfer rates. 162 WPAN (wireless PAN). ODBC (Open Database Connectivity). 473-474 Notification Area. 606-607 Internet services. 473 NMS (network management system). 531-533 Android. 393 network sessions. 765 open source N network card properties. 447 network devices. 376 network interface controller (NIC). 472 network attached storage (NAS). 536 network address translation (NAT). 546 PAN (personal area network). 474 NTFS. 586 243 NTLDR file. 104 repeaters. troubleshooting. 447 LAN (local area network). 528 Num Lock key. 146 performance. 606 parallel buses. video. 564 612-613 BIOS. 606-607 networks. 284 power management. 282 PCs. 356 orientation. 648. 138. 472 paper clips. 359-360 mobile devices. 654-655 command-line. 288-289 PCA (Program Compatibility Assistant). Windows Security. 94 Task Manager. 531 overclocking. 23-24 power management. passwords. 207. 477 services. 643-644 changing default passwords. 462 out-of-memory errors. troubleshooting. 648-649 installing video cards. 597 OS X. 623 operating systems PAN (personal area network). 23 overheating. 400 printing to. 169 PATA (Parallel ATA). 35. 139 managing. printers. 170 Android. syncing. 156 Blu-ray. 170-172 patch testers. 634 optical drives. 660-661 password cracking. 442 virtual memory. 285-286 pairing. 455 PCIe (PCI Express). 382 organic light-emitting diodes (OLED).766 operating system optimization operating system optimization. 581 Windows 7. See Windows 8 screenlocks. 200 user accounts. 371 desktop distributions. 288-289 PaaS (platform as a service). 656-657 parity versus nonparity. 116 peer-to-peer. 606 Parallel ATA (PATA). 282-284 page printers. 173-174 patch cables. 493 CD (compact disc). 51 Windows 8. 282 P msconfig. 35. SOHO open source. 309-313 server distributions. 649 versus PCI. 658-659 partitioning drives. 577-582 optical storage media. See Windows 7 resetting. troubleshooting. 650-652 PCIe 6-pin power connector. 35. 644-645 . 32 virtual memory. 393 PCI Simple Communications Controller Properties window. 286-287 PCB (printed circuit board). 660 troubleshooting. user accounts. 50 mobile devices. 463 closed source. 659-660 parameters. 652-654 PDF (Portable Document Format). See OS X lockouts. 297 services. 386 desktop. 116 Task Manager. 493 optimizing operating systems. 104 file systems. OSD (on-screen display). 371 37-38. 282-284 PCH (Platform Controller Hub). 628-629 msconfig. 169-170 patch management. 286-287 page faults. 382 OS X. 582 Microsoft mobile operating systems. 284 PC tools. 33 Linux. 606 paper jams. 285-286 PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect). 657-658 passwd. 67 penlight. options. 322 digital versatile disc (DVD). 38 features of. 156 iOS. laptops. 23 planning which to use. 472 port forwarding. 18-19 plain old telephone service (POTS). 201-204 ping. 127 ping -4. 73-74 PIV (Personal Identity Verification). 517 power management. 394 installing. 566 power devices. photosensitive drum. installing to. 201 ping localhost. 127-131 PKI (public key infrastructure). 194 file security. 588 pointing devices. 70 ports PGA sockets. 505-507 phishing filters. 542 surges. 542 spikes. See I/O ports phablets. 586-587 POP3 (Post Office Protocol Version 3). 541 power cables. CPUs. 474-475 power issues. 122 works. 43 clean power. 477 power connectors. 194 permission inheritance. 222 mobile devices. 128 wireless issues. 540-543 sags. 322 peripherals. 225-227 phishing. 442 Post Office Protocol Version 3 (POP3). 591 power issues. 678 laptops. 40 ping -t. 207. 24 ping loopback. unauthorized access. 136 PII (personally identifiable information). 517 physical ports. 47-48 establishing. 570 dual-rail power. 124 piezoelectric inkjets. 47-48 photoelectric drum. 127 physical safety. 127 ping -6. 288-289 plans of action BIOS. 137-138 ping -n. 422-425 pointer drift. 566 POTS (plain old telephone service). 140-141 plastic tweezer. 678 port triggering. power. 569-570 TCP/IP. 526 Personal Identity Verification (PIV). 508. Windows 8. 541 power connectors. 767 power supplies Performance Monitor. 194 permissions pointing stick. 671-672 brownouts. laptops. 127 ping -a. 12 Power over Ethernet (PoE). 474-475 382 point release. 542 troubleshooting on laptops. 508. 359-360 Platform Controller Hub (PCH). 542 power consumption. 84-86 I/O ports. 446 dirty power. 19 power strips. 526 PGA (Pin Grid Array) sockets. 566 port replicators. 459-460 626 personal area network (PAN). 17 power-on self-test (POST). 205 personally identifiable information (PII). laser printers. 127 pico-ITX. 137-138 . 50 display issues. 561 POST (power-on self-test). managing printing. 32 Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI). disabling on SOHO net. file security. 21 power supplies. 124 piggybacking. 134 platform as a service (PaaS). 601 blackouts. 134 plasma. PoE (Power over Ethernet). 542 testing AC outlets. 123-125 ping -l. 442 626 physical locks. 542 ATX pin specification. 564-565 PRL (preferred roaming list). 462 professionalism. 561-563 Problem Reports and Solutions. 675 Print Spooler service. 23 spooling. 588 calibrating. 445-446 PowerShell. 457 RFI (radio frequency interference). 16 worms. 94 Program Compatibility utility. 458 projectors. 455-456 incident response. 457-458 power supply unit (PSU). 463-466 wireless issues. 46 printer pooling. hard drives. 447 power users. 18 Previous Versions tab. 478 spam. 480 675-677 print spooler. 20 PRI (Primary Rate ISDN). wattage and capacity requirements. 453 protecting data from unauthorized access. 335 wireless issues. 517 disposal. basic settings. 682-684 Print to XPS. 452-453 Preboot Execution Environment (PXE). print servers.768 power supplies types of power supplies and compat. 462 Program Compatibility Assistant (PCA). 447-448 preparing for the exam. 517 procedures Primary Rate ISDN (PRI). IPv4. 561 problems. 459 158-161 testing. 134-137 managing printers and print jobs. 577 inkjet printers. 460 142-145 sharing printers. 677-678 print quality. virtual printing. 456-457 power supply issues. 560 power issues. 675 print jobs. 134 impact printers. 501 rootkits. 456-457 PROM (Programmable ROM). 555 private address. troubleshooting. 65 Print to PDF. 688-692 MFPs (multifunction printers). 460-462 preventing malware. remote printers. 459-460 power supply tester. identifying. 442-445 preferred roaming list (PRL). 297 printed circuit board (PCB). managing. 458 smoke. 455 MSDSs (material safety data sheets). 460-461 process of elimination. 297 printer drivers. 46 printers. 359 Trojan horses. 617 spyware. 454-455 ibility. separator pages. 237 laser printers. 394 printer priority. installing. 22 printing. exam questions. 453 568 . 453 preventative measures thermal printers. 457-458 troubleshooting theory. 441 preventative maintenance. 13 troubleshooting. 455-456 137 printer pooling. 446-447 implementing. 10-11 viruses. 272 installing. file security. 555-558 display issues. 678-679 Print to File. 564 private cloud. 441 propagation. 617 local versus network. configuring. 452 Programmable ROM (PROM). 146 printer priority. 675-677 principle of least privilege. 583 EMI (electromagnetic interference). 695 Print to Image. 462 processors. 166 SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol). 103 public addresses. 162. 527 DNS. 110 ps. 505-507 RAM (random access memory). 265 IMAP (Internet Message Access Quick Path Interconnect (QPI). 508 dual-channel RAM. 508 LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access R Protocol). 94 SRAM versus DRAM. 507 display issues. 682 types of purging hard drives. 237 DDR4. 478 registered memory. 103 punchdown tools. 675 RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol). 134 memory latency. 96 pwd. 100-102 517 single-sided versus double-sided. 410-411 DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration print quality. 166 508 RAID 5. 95 DDR2. 101 protocols quality AFP (Apple Filing Protocol). 660 overview. 104 network). power issues. 92 PS/2. 510 RAID 10. 517 fully buffered memory. 508 rails. IPv4. 421 technologies. 11 FTP (File Transfer Protocol). 527 ransomware. 509 RAID (Redundant Array of Independent SFTP (Secure FTP). 105 TELNET. 114-115 punctuality. RAID 1 Mirroring. 508 wireless issues. 510 POP3 (Post Office Protocol radio firmware updates. 167 SNMP (Simple Network Management Raid 5 Striping with Parity. 591 single-channel versus multi- public switched telephone network (PSTN). 166-167 SMB (Server Message Block). 10 Secure). 105 public key infrastructure (PKI). 509 quality of service (QoS). 508 question the obvious. 20 HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol questioning users. 509 RAID 0 Striping. 507 quadruple-channel architecture. 18 506. channel architectures. 509 audio. 40 TCP/IP. 99 Q SRAM (synchronous DRAM). 769 rapid elasticity protocol port numbers. 480 installing. 508 Quick Launch. 479 . 105 PSU (power supply unit). 93-94 QoS (quality of service). 104 public cloud. 508 radio frequency interference (RFI). 16 HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). 571 DDR (Double Data Rate). 104 proxy servers. 660 DDR3. 166 Protocol). 492 troubleshooting. 166 SSH (Secure Shell). 508 Disks). 555 QPI (Quick Path Interconnect). 99 PSTN (public switched telephone ECC versus non-ECC. 96-98 PXE (Preboot Execution Environment). 501 parity versus nonparity. 34 Protocol). 34 rapid elasticity. 455 Protocol). 617 Version 3). 400 resource pooling. 179 robocopy. 191-192 recordable DVDs. 675 359-360 RG-6 cable. 475 Read The Manual (RTM). 523-525 repair environments security. 94 removable user identity module (R-UIM). RFI (radio frequency interference). 397-400 (RAID). 660 Removable Disk. 198-199 receptacle testers. 307 Repair/In-Place Upgrade. 509 RJ45 crimper. hard drives. 630 RJ45 LAN port. 525-527 Windows Recovery Environment RTM (Read The Manual). 123 keyboards on laptops. 327-328 rotational speed. 377 for Windows 8. 333-334 registry. 248 RD (Remove Directory). 281 rootkits. sharing. 366-367 Registry Editor. 571-572 resolution. 291 resources. 235-236 recovery options. 479 Region and Language Options. 658 618 root hubs. 39 remote printers. Windows 7. 255 Recovery window.770 raster image processing (RIP) raster image processing (RIP). 657 laptops. 292-293 restoring Windows. 554 malware. 292 reverting to classic mode. 295. 521-523 repair installations. 242-243 recovery environment command. 157 unnecessary applications. 490 Remote Desktop. 328 routers. 349 RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol). 295-296 RIP (raster image processing). 346-349 setting up.11 wireless. 466 Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP). 419 802. 520 USB devices. 601 advanced booting. 349 SOHO routers. video. 299 reviewing documentation. hives. 640-642 recycling. 618 . 348. 349 resets. 46. 558-560 preventing. Root. creating. 291 REGSVR32. 564 temporary files. 676 resetting passwords. 349 Read-Only Memory (ROM). 533-536 registered memory. 459 rm. 490 Remote Assistance. 466 Repair-In-Place Upgrade. 294-296 RG-6/UQ. initiating. 609 devices. 171 requirements Recovery Command Prompt. 51 hard drives. 342-344 R-UIM (removable user identity module). 419 inverter boards on laptops. 593 RG-6/U. 196 Redundant Array of Independent Disks video. 94 repeaters. 166 Resource Monitor. 376 for Windows 7. 345 for Windows Vista. 105 restore points. 490 Remote Desktop connection. 418 removing rooting. 493 remote management of mobile devices. 374 removable media. RAM. 46. testing AC outlets. 359-360 refresh rate. 32 replacing ReadyBoost. 11 Reliability and Performance Monitor. 170 ROM (Read-Only Memory). 389 Red Hat command line. 475. 32 (Windows RE). 509 repair installations. 651 zombies. 571-572 satellites. 610 social engineering. 321 screwdrivers. hardware. 569-570 screen configurations. 508 cloud computing services. 597 Safe Mode with Networking. mobile devices. 491 preventing. Internet. 139 security threats SATA CD-ROM drives. 609 violation of best practices. 24 SD cards (Secure Digital cards). 286 session hijacking. 601 electrical safety. 771 session hijacking S routers. 672 encryption. 508 types of clouds. 555-565 scanners. mobile devices. 35 security log. 671-672 Windows Security. 477 assigning static IP addresses. 154-156 hard drive recycling and disposal. 600 physical safety. 138 Security Identifier (SID). 237. 221-222 Windows Firewall. 577-582 Samsung Galaxy S6. 322. 666-667 disabling WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup). 286-287 stopping apps. 668-671 MAC filtering. 601 SOHO networks. spoofing attacks. 573 screenlocks. 577 safety equipment. 573 Screen Sharing. 636-638 service packs (SPs). 572 Manager). 479-481 Secure FTP (SFTP). 638-640 Services console. 597 SaaS (software as a service). cloud computing. 348 configuring wireless encryption. 640-642 Service Set Identifier (SSID). 665-666 598-599 electrical fire safety. 321-324 initiating resets. 244 drive technologies. 509 Secure Digital cards (SD cards). 423 rootkits. 667-668 disabling physical ports. 554-555 SC connectors. 561 . 23 self-grounding. 383 SDRAM (synchronous DRAM). 584-589 Samsung Galaxy Note series. 460 SDSL (Symmetrical Digital Subscriber Line). 347 changing and disabling SSID. 478-479 security servers. 592-593 SATA. 520 malicious software. safety. 181-183 server roles. 481 mobile devices compromised/damaged. 589-592 sags. 572 609-610 unauthorized access. 565-568 screen orientation. 358 SATA 15-pin power connector. server distributions. 564 SCCM (System Center Configuration MITM (man-in-the-middle) attacks. 181-183 Separate Video. 600 ESD (electrostatic discharge). 525 stolen/lost. 657-658 518 Server Message Block (SMB). 94 separator pages. Linux. 222 user accounts. 127 file security. OS X. 573 screen protectors. 601 Safe Mode. 348 changing default passwords. 634 security updates. Event Viewer. 477 Secure Shell (SSH). 170 DDoS (distributed denial-of-service). 634-636 services. 610 zero-day attacks. 573 SATA drives. 630 password cracking. 582 screen calibration. 598 Safe Mode with Command Prompt. 569-570 shutdowns. 334 shoulder surfing. 264 snapshots. troubleshooting. hard drives. 508 share permissions. 489 Component Services. 100-102 configuring wireless encryption. 611 600 six-step troubleshooting process. 181-183 smart card readers. 510 changing and disabling SSID. 525-527 slim line. 597 channel architectures. 298-299 shortcuts. 311 SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol). 618 software as a service (SaaS). 601 (SNMP). 548 solid-state drives (SSDs). 509 preventing. 161 CompactFlash (CF). 555 SMB (Server Message Block). 244 software drivers. 521-523 slow transfer speeds. single rail. 322-324 smartwatch. 565 . 393 spam filters. 523-525 slipstreaming. 564-565 SMD (surface-mounted device). 406-408 Smart TV. 581 disabling WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup). 275 resources. Siri. 34 differences with laptops. 69-71 SID (Security Identifier). 178-181 smart cards. 533-536 adding to MMC.R. 425 installing. 229 spam.A. 183 smart cameras. 153-154 S. 463 shrinking volumes. 364-365 sockets. 375. 214-215 signatures. and solid-state storage media. CPUs. 213 sidebars. 477 SIM (System Image Manager). 601 slow reaction times. security. 265 installing on laptops. 373 Extensions). 601 single sign-on (SSO). 289 SOHO routers. 395 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. 597 Simple Network Management Protocol assigning static IP addresses.11 wireless. spontaneous shutdowns. See SMTP SOHO networks.M. 244 SODIMMs. 10-13 MAC filtering. 424 USB flash drives. 570 The Snipping Tool. 660 social engineering. 408-409 smartphones. hardware. 136 598-599 single-sided versus double-sided. 425 S/MIME (Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail SFC (System File Checker). 178 Reporting Technology). 280 soft resets. 334-336 SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol). 103 disabling physical ports. digital signatures.T. 266 printers. 160 setting up. Analysis. changing default passwords. 600 sleep. 463 sharing Snap technology. 510 shutdown. 566 sound cards. 146 Shadow Copy. 591-592 SFTP (Secure FTP). (Self-Monitoring. 598 single-channel architectures versus multi. 137 802. 459-460 snap-ins. 229 Secure Digital cards (SD cards). 640 SIM (subscriber identity module). 275 shielded twisted pair (STP). 324 security. 586 Snagit. networks.772 set-top box (STB) set-top box (STB). 221-222 southbridge. 223-224 SP (service pack). 508 smoke. 360 of viruses. 630 stop errors. 93-94 striping. 491 sudo. 178 CompactFlash (CF). 289 of failing CPUs. 162 spear phishing. OS X. 563 Startup Settings. 166 SSDs (solid-state drives). laptops. 618 ST connectors. See SRAM e-mail. 623-624 static IP addresses. 127 JEDEC. 616-618 static random access memory. 489 versus DRAM. custom Suprema. 473-474 Start menu. 183 spoofing attacks. 638-640 synchronous DRAM (SDRAM). 264 Symmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL). 244 hard drives. 554 tape drives. 383 for wiring twisted pair cables. spooling. 577 surge protectors. 660 standard thick client. 561-563 storage devices. 128-129. 508 strong passwords. 497 troubleshooting. 572 Secure Digital cards (SD cards). 408 network attached storage (NAS). 191 changing and disabling on SOHO net. 169-170 troubleshooting. 434 surface-mounted device (SMD). 563 storage spaces. 634-636 mobile devices. 348 synchronizing startx. installing. 625-627 STB (set-top box). 345 of spyware. 456-458 181-183 Spotlight. 628-629 stolen devices. 501 SSO (single sign-on). 166 SSH (Secure Shell). 570 optical storage media. 598 subnet masks. 153-154 striping with parity. 581 subscriber identity module (SIM). 675 standards surges. 525 stuck keys. 773 Sysprep utility speakers. 485. 173-174 speed. 650 USB flash drives. 625 assigning on SOHO networks. 362-364 Wi-Fi. 97 S-Video. 162 preventing. 314 SRAM (static random access memory). 156-157 Blu-ray. configuring. 668 Bluetooth. See hard drives . 195 works. 309 symptoms of. 425 iOS devices to a PC. 548 digital versatile disc (DVD). 169 specifications for hard drives. 661 Android to a PC. 567 configurations. 127 spontaneous shutdowns. 393 Standard User accounts. 170-172 spikes. 345. 91 STP (shielded twisted pair). 178-181 spyware. 88 Startup Repair. stylus. 262 symptoms standby. 94 storage Sysprep utility. 267 518 Start screen. 371. 578 SSID (Service Set Identifier). 557 Start Windows Normally. 619-620 stopping apps. 601 cellular radio technologies. 530 CD (compact disc). IP Classes. 486 switches. 364-365 solid-state storage media. 628-629 static electricity. custom configurations. removing. 505-507 thin-film transistor (TFT). 223-224 theories. 195. Linux. 195. AC outlets. 12 taskbars. 345 Terminal. 418 DVDs. 68-69 (SCCM). 74 System Configuration tool. 66 System Center Configuration Manager 32-bit versus 64-bit. 692-696 System Tray. 322. 264 display issues. 146 temperature. 21 TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol). 505-507 thin client. 12 display issues. 220-221 printers. hardware. 345 sockets. 73 IPv4. 71-72 System File Checker (SFC). 278-280 test-taking tips. 508 system overheating. 73-74 System Image Recovery. CPUs. 375 theories of probable cause. 13 Hyper-Threading (HT). 652 system tools. 347. 169 lithium batteries. 503-505 thermal printers. 659 System Restore. 18 tape drives. 391 TDP (thermal design power). 265 testing CPU installations. wiring standards. 560 terminal. 73 This PC. 453 differences with laptops. 361-362 caches. 172 System Information tool. verifying. video cards. 216-217 CD (compact disc). 237.774 system boards system boards technology laptops. 112 T568B. 674-675 System Properties. 373 clock rate. 282-284 tethering. 497-500 thermal inkjets. See RAM System log. Event Viewer. 123-125 tablets. 18 taskkill. 84-85 T DRAM installation. 333 temporary files. 291 TFT (thin-film transistor). 267 power issues. 357 TELNET (Telecommunication network). 497 thermal compound. 630 brands of. 17 tailgating. 486 power. 375 wireless issues. 446-447 IPv4. 216 CPUs. 17 configuring. 570 power issues. 66-67 system functionality. 21 tasklist. 620 Task Scheduler. 445 IPv6. 333-334. 280 RAM. 285 temperature threshold. 432-434 protocols. See IPv4 The Snipping Tool. 75-76 configuring thermal design power (TDP). Windows 7. 11 TCP (Transmission Control Protocol). 389 System Properties dialog box. 269 . 331 multicore CPUs. 69-71 System Information. OS X. testing. 463 ports. 291 theories. 72 System Image Backup option. 73 power consumption. 391 Task Scheduler Library. 162 wireless issues. 21 Task Manager. 505 wireless issues. 327-328 System Recovery Options. 420-421 keyboards. 354 Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Windows Memory Diagnostics. 146 for cabling. 775 twisted-pair cables three-finger swipes. 642-645 TN (twisted nematic). 564-565 ping. 114-115 netdom. 692-696 Linux. 391 CPUs. 158-161 Thunderbolt. 546 rootkits. 561 371 USB devices. 359-360 TrackPoint. 57-61 toner. 599 mobile devices. 101 viruses. 201 ipconfig. 505 Troubleshooting tool. 590 Event Viewer. 561 Troubleshooting tool. 660-661 TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol). 359-360 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). 564 netstat. 278-279 Wi-Fi. 354-357 TPM (Trusted Platform Module). laptops. See TCP/IP 360-361 TREE. 388-391 system tools viruses. 491-494 peripherals. 359 transfers per second. 485-489 DRAM. 545 spam. 625 twisted nematic (TN). 554 troubleshooting theory. 561-563 command-line tools. 248-250 Task Manager. 194 Problem Reports and Solutions. 486 e-mail connections. 359-360 Performance Monitor. 545-546 RAM. Command Prompt. 423 Action Center. 282-284 Windows Vista installations. 191 Time Machine. 419 PC tools. 354 troubleshooting Trusted Platform Module (TPM). 409-410 turning off computers. 621-622 System Information tool. 555-558 Device Manager. 23-24 video cards. 627 . 539-540 power supply issues. 651 hard drives. 256-258 torx screwdriver. 492 examples. 197-198 tips for test taking. OS X. 442 networks. 560 triple-channel architecture. 425 Device Manager. 23 within Windows touchpads. 10-13 nslookup. 194. 391 motherboards. 540-543 tracert. 544-545 printers. 114-115 wiring standards. 558-560 Trojan horses. 653 laptops. 463-466 net. 539 power on laptops. 56-57 tone and probe kit. Protocol. video. 308 worms. 357-358 tracert. 543-544 spyware. 142-145 nbtstat. 543-544 msconfig. 424 command-line interface (CLI) tools. 158 Bluetooth. 546-549 tools overheating. 95 Resource Monitor. 361-362 Trackpad. 359 touchscreens. 590 audio problems. 544 six-step process. 650 performance. 280 Windows 7 installations. 87-88 twisted-pair cables. 678-679 preventing. Trojan horses. migrating. 465 UPnP (Universal Plug and Play). 565-568 usernames. 323 BIOS. 290-292 Unattended Installation. 22 Upgrade Assistant. 275 USB ports. 430 UPS (uninterruptible power supply). 46 USMT (User State Migration Tool). 290 unified threat management (UTM). msconfig. 124. customizing. 475 Universal Mobile Telecommunications UTP (unshielded twisted pair). 275 transmitter). 289-290 UMTS (Universal Mobile User Datagram Protocol (UDP). 583-584 USB tethering. See RAM USB flash drives. 419 RAM. 178-181 USB plug (Type C). 39 power supplies and compatibility. removing. 25 unauthorized access. 568 transmitter (UART). 246-248 versions of Android. 256 to Windows 7. 656-657 user accounts. 577 UDP (User Datagram Protocol). 46 583-584 UEFI BIOS Setup Utility. 134-137 USB devices. 516 user accounts. 284 129-131 Program Compatibility. 504 Security). questioning. 637 ventilation. 128 updates. 328 unshielded twisted pair (UTP). 505 password cracking. 374 uninterruptible power supply (UPS). 582 UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware User Account Control (UAC). 568 utilities device. 345 user data. 485 System (UMTS). 616 disadvantages of. 124. 383 . 320-324 system functionality. 606 to Windows 8. 577-582 UEFI Firmware Settings. Type 2 VMM (virtual machine manager). 674 updating ver. 577-582 Unified Extensible Firmware Interface users. 416-419 user accounts. 489 Universal Plug and Play (UPnP). 237-238 vertical lines on pages. 620 UART (universal asynchronous receiver User Account Control (UAC). printers. 475 diskpart. 516 device. 13 wireless issues. 527 VGA (Video Graphics Array). 606 mobile devices. Windows Security. 583-584 Ubuntu.776 Type 1 VMM (virtual machine manager) Type 1 VMM (virtual machine manager). Interface). 248 upgrading Windows Vista installations. 237 Windows 7 installation. 430 129-131 types of USB (Universal Serial Bus). user accounts (Windows Unicast. 48 usernames/passwords. 297 universal asynchronous receiver UTM (unified threat management). 205 UAC (User Account Control). 418 U USB port adapters. Windows Security. 616 user environments. 505 Telecommunications System). 485 varistors. 243 user error. 51 verifying Windows. 10 (UEFI). Windows Security. 527 unlocked LGA 2011 socket. 321 vendor-specific. 69 V unnecessary applications. 599 expansion buses. 460-462 virtual private network (VPN). 382 resolution. 472 OSD (on-screen display). 384 adjusting on laptops. 137 video subsystems. 382 web cameras. 388-391 configurations. laptops. 50 multiple displays. 386-388 Wi-Fi memory. 396-397 W drivers. 391 virus scans. 382 wearable technology. BIOS. 388 power supply. 50 temperature threshold. 395-396 Wake-On-LAN (WOL). custom troubleshooting. 476 video editing workstation. 122 Video Graphics Array (VGA). 430 expansion buses. 383-385 virtual machine manager (VMM). 290 projectors. 429 voltage. mobile devices. 385 wide area network (WAN). 394 VMM (virtual machine manager). See video displays Wi-Fi analyzer app. 393 preventing. custom configurations. 394 visual effects. 620 color depth. 195-197 OSD (on-screen display). 536. 385 virtual printing. 430 video drivers. 397-400 chipsets. 385 virtual assistants. 660 drivers. 472 installing. 365 LCD (liquid crystal display). 618 installing. 195 multiple displays. 401-402 display controls. 386 virtualization support. 394 Wi-Fi Calling. 386 mobile devices. disabling. 386-388 VirtualBox Manager window. 223 resolution. 382 whitelists. 777 Wi-Fi sleep policy vi. removing. 536. 621 video settings and software. 197-198 refresh rate. 423 chipsets. 385 web servers. 122 UEFI/BIOS. 611 connector types. 389 virtualization workstation. 383 volume. 430-432 video displays. 431 memory. 396-397 Wi-Fi sleep policy. 557 plasma. 400 WAP (wireless access point). 285-286 GPU. 400 water. 391-393 viruses. 554 LED monitors. 621-622 video displays. 565 GPU. 397-400 wattage. 394 VPNs (virtual private networks). 395-396 video. 311-312 video ports. 229-230 video cards. 394 color depth. 558-560 393 symptoms of. 395-396 VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol). 621 . 388-391 troubleshooting. 555-558 OLED (organic light-emitting diodes). 618 video settings. 400 troubleshooting. 619-620 troubleshooting. 383-385 WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy). 474 refresh rate. 400 video cards. 199 video projectors. 382 virtual memory. 401-402 WAN (wide area network). 480 connector types. 304 Windows 7. 273 System Properties dialog box. 248 RE). 249 Command Prompt. 331 Windows Security. 376-377 upgrading to Windows 8. 244 Windows Preinstallation phase. 366 S/MIME.1. 577 installation methods. 269 components. 630 File History. 320-321 Windows Boot Manager. 345. 236-237 encryption. 612-613 File Explorer. 246 Anytime Upgrade. synchronizing. 365-366 Computer window. 359 Windows Memory Diagnostics. 289 comparing editions. 269 Windows Explorer. 235 Windows RT. 585-586 upgrading to. 366 Scripting Environment). 282 Vista. 257 troubleshooting installations. 613 requirements and compatibility. 246-248 Windows RE Command Prompt. 243-245 Windows Installation Media Creation Tool. 584-585 Task Manager. 589 . 320 Windows Boot Configuration Data file is with service packs (SPs). 292-294 comparing editions. 237-238 Windows Recovery Environment (Windows verifying installation. 519 Windows applications. 322-324 missing required information. 249 238 Performance Monitor. 262-266 Control Panel. 342-344 248-250 spontaneous shutdown. 620 Windows 8. 279 Windows GUI (graphical user interface). 269 desktop. 263 file security. Windows Task Manager. 269 updating. 271 testing CPU installation. Windows RE. 241 Windows Compatibility Center. 349 Windows Phone. 237-238 moving and copying folders and files.778 Wi-Fi tethering Wi-Fi tethering. 268 Microwave Access). 247 Windows Complete PC Restore. 234 Windows Registry. 268 %WINDIR%. 331-332 Windows Easy Transfer. 272-273 Windows Computer/This PC. 269 synchronizing. 235-236 589-590 restoring. 345 EFS (Encryption File System). 264 Windows Firewall. log files. 366-367 Network window. 271 restoring. 241-242 Windows errors. 365 upgrading to. 342-344 Windows 8. 592-593 Device Manager. 345 360-361 Recovery window. 244. 630 242-243 Windows PowerShell ISE (Integrated restoring. 322 BitLocker. 345 Backup and Restore. 333 Windows Preinstallation Environment. 589 point release. 590-591 recovery options. 247. recovery options. 351 with Windows Update. 283 administrative shares. 234 WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Windows Aero. 262 installation methods. requirements and compatibility. 244. 84 Windows Explorer/File Explorer. 591-592 Start screen. 206. 255 WSXGA+. 262 472. 554 244 preventing. 573 Winternals. 254-255 write speeds. disabling on Backup Status and Configuration. 305 Z Winresume. 599 Windows Upgrade Advisor. workgroups. 21 tion. 374 Windows Welcome phase. 20 plans of action. 492 wireless access point (WAP). 256 xcopy command. 256 WSUS (Windows Server Update Services). 623 UAC (User Account Control). 172 installation methods. Windows Vista. 198 Windows Update. 474 user accounts. 588 verifying system functionality. 345 322 requirements and compatibility. 586-587 wireless LANs (WLANs). XPS (XML Paper Specification). 520 583-584 wiring standards. 50 Windows Server Update Services (WSUS). 582 472. 298 Winload. 257 462 Windows XP Mode. 305 zero-day attacks. worms. 623 Windows Vista. password cracking. 600 editions of. 244 zombies. 196 restoring. 779 zombies permission inheritance and propaga. Windows Virtual PC. 246 WPAN (wireless personal area network). 37 verifying installations. 19 documentation. 20 . 366 WXGA. twisted pair cables. 486 usernames/passwords. 320-321 WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access).exe. configuring on SOHO networks. 531-533 322 Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Windows Shares. 254 WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup). 474 Windows Firewall. 354 worn-out backlights. 599 Windows updates. 598-599 wireless issues. 577-582 WLANs (wireless LANs). 22 identifying problems.exe. 196 troubleshooting installations. wireless WAN. 226 wireless encryption. 246 x16 slots. 560 Windows Troubleshooting tool. 256-258 X upgrading to Windows 7. 321 WPA2. 21 question the obvious. 586 Access (WiMAX). DVDs. 22 permissions. 519 Windows System Image Manager (SIM). recovery options. 577 wireless personal area network (WPAN). 474 wireless connections. testing theories. 573 wire strippers. 332 SOHO networks. printing to. 592-593 WOL (Wake-On-LAN). This page intentionally left blank .